Abstract: The present invention, by improving the silicon surface/bulk micromachining technology using two steps of silicon etch mask patterning and four steps of silicon etching, fabricates a structure which has vertically offset electrodes and consequently fabricates an electrostatic vertical and torsional actuator using one single-crystalline silicon wafer. According to the method of the present invention, the problems of the prior art that used a number of silicon wafers and single/double SOI wafers, or combining of these wafers with additional deposited poly-crystalline silicon films, may be resolved.

Abstract: A cutter shell for cutting a circular opening in a metal object formed of a tubular boring portion and a head portion. The boring portion has a tubular sidewall and teeth at the forward circumferential end. The sidewall is of thickness not greater than the teeth. The head portion has an outer circumferential perimeter secured to the tubular portion rearward circumferential end, the head portion being attachable to a boring bar by which the cutter shell is rotated. A circumferential abrasive band is affixed to the exterior circumferential surface of the tubular sidewall for engagement with the wall of a hole as the hole is cut in an object by the teeth to smooth and round out the hole for improved cylindricality.

Abstract: A magnetic disc for a cleaning device which is passed through a pipeline having a cylindrical internal wall. The magnetic disc includes a flexible circular disc body perpendicular to the cylindrical wall, the disc body having a plurality of radially spaced openings therethrough. A magnet is installed in each opening in the disc body, each magnet having poles oriented axially with the cylindrical wall. A pair of opposed retainer plates for each magnet are fastened to the disc body to retain the magnet in the disc body and to extend the magnetic field of action.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for measuring the wall thickness of a pipeline through which a fluid flows, the pipeline having an interior and exterior surface. The apparatus has a pig body supported by elastomeric cups to thereby cause the pig body to move by fluid flow through the pipeline. The pig body supports a plurality of multi-element transducers. Each transducer is made up of a large number of independent elongated rod-like crystal elements separated by a polymer, each having side walls, a front face and a bottom face. The rod-like elements are arranged so that the side walls are adjacent but mechanically isolated from each other, such as by an epoxy, with the front faces and bottom faces providing transducer front and bottom surfaces. A front metallic film and a bottom metallic film are applied to the front and the bottom surfaces. Each transducer is configured to have an impedance that closely matches the impedance of the pipeline fluid.

Abstract: A burner for combusting fuel gas and air in an enclosure includes a block member of non-combustible material, such as ceramic material, having a central opening therethrough. The block member has a plurality of spaced apart recirculation gas passageways paralleled to and spaced from the central opening, each of the recirculation gas passageways having an injection passageway communicating with the block member central opening. A fuel gas jet is positioned within each of the recirculation gas passageways for injecting fuel gas into the injection passageways to cause the injected fuel gas by Venturi action, to draw furnace gas from the cool fringes of the combustion zone through the recirculation gas passageways for passage back into the central opening after local combustion wherein modified air and fuel gas are thoroughly mixed and cooled for combustion within the enclosure. This recirculation system serves to reduce the temperature and oxygen content of the local combustion process to thereby reduce NO.sub.

Abstract: A method of dehydrating natural gas and for reducing emissions of hydrocarbon aromatics including the steps of passing natural gas upwardly in an absorber against downwardly flowing liquid desiccant to provide treated gas, the desiccant absorbing water and hydrocarbon impurities from the gas and forming spent desiccant, passing a portion of the treated gas from the absorber through a desiccant stripper vessel, the balance of the treated gas being passed for distribution, heating the spent desiccant and passing it downwardly through the desiccant stripper vessel to purge the spent desiccant of hydrocarbon aromatics, conducting the spent desiccant from the stripper vessel into a reboiler to again heat the spent desiccant and conveying treated gas from the stripper vessel to a burner in the reboiler where the treated gas is combusted with air, the spent desiccant is being heated in the reboiler to boil off entrained water to provide a regenerated desiccant that is recirculated back to the absorber.

Abstract: An aerator for crops such as hay which is pulled by a tractor or other vehicle. The aerator includes a first header conveyor to lift a first swath from the ground onto the first header conveyor. A first hitch extends between the tractor and the first header conveyor. A first rear conveyor transports the swath from the first header conveyor and thereafter returns it to the ground. A second header conveyor lifts a second, adjacent swath from the ground onto the second header conveyor. A second hitch extends between the first hitch and the second header conveyor. A second rear conveyor transports the swath from the second header conveyor and thereafter returns it to the ground.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in marking a length of cylindrical pipe to permit the pipe to be cut for use in an assembly and arranged so that a plurality of markings on a length of pipe can be accurately oriented relative to each other. The device has a tubular plastic sleeve that is split in a plane of the sleeve longitudinal axis, the sleeve being flexible so as to permit the sleeve to be expanded over and subsequently to conform to the external surface of a pipe. The sleeve has at least one end with a configuration of a desired marking. A bubble level is affixed to the exterior surface of the sleeve so that when the sleeve is used to make more than one marking on a length of pipe, the markings can be axially oriented with respect to each other.

Abstract: An apparatus is providing for signal communication between the interior and exterior of a pipeline. A fitting is secured to the external surface of a pipeline, the fitting having a branch opening therein communicating with the pipeline interior. A plug member is sealably positioned in the branch opening, the plug member having a passageway therethrough. At least one conductor is received in the plug member passageway providing an apparatus to conduct an electrical signal from within to the exterior of the pipeline. A potting compound fills the passageway surrounding the conductor to seal the conductor in the plug against the leakage of liquids or gases.

Abstract: A cutter blade is provided having a cutting face. Formed in the cutting face are a plurality of spaced apart slots, each slot having forward and rearward sidewalls. A tooth is removably received in each of the slots, each tooth having a top surface extending above the cutting face and having forward and rearward sidewalls, The top surface of each tooth has a forward cutting edge and a rearward reduced height step section. A retention bar is provided for each tooth, each retention bar having a forward end that is received in the step section. A pin extending through an opening in each retention bar is threadably connected to the cutting face. By tightening the threaded pin the retention bar retains each tooth during cutting operation so that the tooth sidewalls frictionally engage the slot sidewalls and by unthreading the pin the retention bar may be rotated to permit removal and replacement of each of the teeth.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lens for use as a part of an aircraft including the steps of fusion bonding a sheet of acrylic to a sheet of polycarbonate to form a sheet of laminate, cutting the laminate into a blank having a configuration required by the ultimate lens configuration, heating the blank and forming it around a mold to provide a three dimensional lens body of desired size and configuration having an uninterrupted circumferential edge and having an inner polycarbonate surface and an outer acrylic surface, applying a narrow strip seal to the lens body inner surface in a narrow strip portion adjacent substantially the full circumferential edge thereof in order to bond the strip seal to the lens body, shaping the circumferential edge of the lens body around substantially the full circumferential edge thereof, and providing bushings in the lens body and strip seal so the bushings are spaced around the circumferential edge as a means of securing the lens to an aircraft.

Abstract: A cutter shell for cutting a circular opening in a metal object formed of a unitary metallic member having a tubular boring portion and an inverted dish shaped head portion. The boring portion has a tubular sidewall and teeth at the forward circumferential end. The sidewall is of thickness not greater than the teeth. The head portion has an outer circumferential perimeter secured to the tubular portion rearward circumferential end. The head portion has an inner concave surface as viewed through the tubular boring portion and an outer convex surface. The thickness of the head portion is not substantially greater than that of the boring portion tubular sidewall so that the head portion deflects inwardly in response to boring pressure, the deflection being radially transferred to the boring portion tubular sidewall to stiffen the sidewall and hold it in more perfect circularity during boring action.

Abstract: An improved deep fat fryer having an open top vessel with a bottom formed of intersecting inwardly and downwardly inclined walls forming a V-shaped trough bottom for the vessel, first and second elongated heaters affixed to the vessel flat wall portions and spaced above the lower edge of the trough shaped vessel bottom and arranged so that cooking oil placed within the vessel is heated in the upper portion of the cooking oil but the cooking oil in the V-shaped bottom is unheated to thereby cause convection currents to flow in a manner to carry food particles into the lower V-shaped trough portion of the vessel where the cooking oil is below cooking temperature so that food placed in the vessel and remaining in the upper top portion of the cooking oil is cooked but food particles are carried into the lower portion and are not cooked, the vessel having provisions for draining away the oil having the uncooked portions therein.

Abstract: A device for sealing the rim space between a floating cover, movably disposed within a storage tank, and the inner wall of the storage tank. The device includes a peripheral sealing ring formed of a plurality of overlapped shoe segments, each segment having a first and second opposed edge to overlap with adjacent segments. Countersunk apertures are provided in each shoe segment, one aperture near the first edge. A fastener extends through each aperture so that a head of the fastener will reside within a recess formed by the countersunk aperture. At least one movable rod extends past the first edge. A clip for each fastener has a space for slidably receiving the rod, each second side free to slidably overlap the first side and the fastener.

Abstract: A system for measuring the flow of a fluid in a pipe that is one of a plurality of different sizes. The system employs a pair of transducers mounted on the pipe in an upstream-downstream relationship, Each transducer is excited by one of a pair of oscillators to transmit a sonic signal though the fluid to the other transducer. Transit times of the sonic signals are measured. A microprocessing network computes the flow rate of the fluid based on the measured transit time in the pipe. The system has a signal transit time between transducers equal to the time elapse of N cycles of the frequency emitted by the oscillators. The value of N, as computed by a microprocessor, relates to the size of the pipe.

Abstract: A grain harvester for propulsion by a tractor over a field of grain growing on upwardly extending plant stems, the harvester having a housing supported and movable in a direction of travel over a field of grain by a tractor, an elongated cylindrical brush supported by the housing and rotating about a horizontal axis that is transverse to the housing direction of travel, the brush having bristles extending generally radially therefrom, shield members supported by the housing in planes parallel the brush rotational axis, the shield members providing an elongated air and grain intake opening, an air discharge opening and a grain discharge opening, the openings being spaced apart from each other, a grain bin supported by the harvester housing and connected with the grain discharge opening, the brush being rotated as the harvester is moved to draw air and grain into the housing through the air and grain intake opening and to dispel grain through the grain discharge opening into the grain bin, and to dispel air out

Abstract: A system for removing oil from oil/water or oil/sand or oil/water/sand mixtures. An oil/water mixture is taken from an oil spill on the surface of the water or from other sources such as producing oil wells and is transported to a surge tank where it is agitated and then passed on to a separator which separates the oil from the water. The system also covers separating oil from sand or earth when the spill is on land.

Abstract: A steerable dual rear axle system for large vehicles in which the vehicle has a frame, and the axle system includes a forward axle housing, a draft arm having one arm affixed to the forward axle housing and the other pivotally affixed to the vehicle frame, a rearward axle housing spaced from the forward axle housing, an axle extending through both axle housings having wheels and tires thereon, an upper linkage having one end pivotally attached to the upper portion of the forward axle housing and the other end pivotally attached to the upper portion of the rearward axle housing, a lower linkage having one end pivotally attached to the lower portion of the forward axle housing and the other end pivotally attached to the lower portion of the rearward axle housing so that the axle housings are supported in spaced apart relationship with the axle housings being independently free to move in vertical planes, compressible strut members extending between the axle housings and the frame for spring supporting the frame