Abstract: The invention relates to aqueous emulsion copolymers of (meth)acrylates of long-chain alcohols in continuous aqueous phase, characterized in that they contain as storable disperse phase copolymers of the following monomer components:at least 50% by weight and preferably at least 60% by weight (meth)acrylates of C.sub.16-30 alcohols0 to 25% by weight and preferably 5 to 10% by weight (meth)acrylates of alcohols containing no more than 8 carbon atoms0.5 to 40% by weight and preferably 1 to 25% by weight olefinically unsaturated mono- and/or dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides containing more than 10 carbon atoms.The invention also relates to the use of these aqueous emulsion copolymers for depressing the pour or flow points of hydrocarbon mixtures, particularly crude oil or petroleum fractions, the described copolymers forming the disperse phase of aqueous emulsion copolymers in a highly concentrated, but readily mobile formulation for incorporation in hydrocarbon mixtures of the described type.

Abstract: A convenient stereoselective process for the preparation of .alpha.-alkylidene-substituted-.gamma.-butyrolactones and .delta.-valerolactones is provided. The process involves reacting an .alpha.-acyl lactone, an aldehyde, and an alkali metal hydroxide in an inert diluent at an elevated temperature while removing water.

Abstract: A process for the production of fatty ketones by pyrolysis of fatty acid magnesium salts wherein fatty acids corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 COOH (I)in which R.sup.1 CO is an aliphatic acyl radical containing 12 to 22 carbon atoms and 0, 1, 2 or 3 double bonds, are heated to temperatures of 320.degree. to 360.degree. C. in the presence of magnesium oxide and the fatty ketones formed are distilled off from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure.

Abstract: An aqueous cleaning and disinfecting concentrate comprisingA) at lease one reaction product ofa) an N-substituted propylene diamine of formula IR.sup.1 --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --NH.sub.2 (I)in which R.sup.1 is a C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 alkyl group andb) glutamic acid or a glutamic acid derivative of formula IIR.sub.2 --O--CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --CH(NH.sub.2)--COOH (II)in which R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group, wherein the said reaction product is optionally ethoxylated and/or propoxylated, and is optionally in the form of a salt with an organic or inorganic acid;B) at least one of the following antimicrobially active compounds:i) a quaternary ammonium compound of formula III ##STR1## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another represent alkyl radicals containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms or benzyl radicals, or halogenated or alkylated benzyl radicals containing 6 to 22 carbon atoms, and X.sup.

Abstract: Saturated, branched C.sub.21-28 fatty acids or esters thereof esterified with C.sub.1-36 alkanols produced by the process comprising: (a) reacting unsaturated fatty acids containing 18 to 22 carbon atoms and more than one olefinic bond or esters thereof esterified with C.sub.1-36 alkanols with propylene at a temperature of from about 50.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C. and at a pressure of from about 5 to about 40 bar in the presence of transition metal compounds selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, or Pt wherein the molar ratio of propylene to fatty acid or fatty acid ester is from about 1:1 to about 2:1 to form an olefinically unsaturated adduct and, (2) hydrogenating said adduct in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at a temperature of from about 70.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for the production of 5,6-dihydroxyindolines by ether cleavage of corresponding ether procursors with aqueous hydrogen bromide and subsequent direct crystallization from the aqueous reaction mixture.

Abstract: Use of fluid to solid oligomeric esters of lactic acid and/or glycolic acid and dermatologically compatible derivatives thereof as resorbable carriers and/or film formers in preparations for covering undamaged and/or damaged areas of human or animal skin.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of converting aqueous surfactant mixtures, in particular aqueous pastes of surfactants with washing properties such as fatty-alcohol sulphates, in particular tallow alcohol sulphates and/or C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 fatty-alcohol sulphates, monosalts of sulphonic fatty-acid methyl esters and their di-salts, alkylglusoside compounds, etc., into concentrated granular material with a long shelf life by granulation. The aqueous surfactant mixture, which includes as a viscosity-control agent alkoxylates of mono- and/or polyhydric alcohols with 8-40 carbon atoms which have up to 20 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide groups, is granulated together with fine-particulate water-soluble and/or water-insoluble solids compatible with washing and/or cleaning agents to give a free-running compound. At least part of the water content of the granular material thus produced is preferably then removed by drying, in particular in a fluidized bed.

Abstract: Light-colored ester sulfonates can be obtained by sulfonation of fatty acid lower alkyl esters and subsequent working up providing fatty acid esters having a low content of oxo compounds and unsaturated compounds are used in the sulfonation stage.

Abstract: In the production of light-colored pastes of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester alkali metal salts by reaction of fatty acid alkyl esters with gaseous SO.sub.3, subsequent after-reaction in liquid phase, neutralization with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solutions and bleaching, effective bleaching can be obtained without any reduction in the washing-active substance content by addition of the hydrogen peroxide during neutralization of the .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester and subjecting the neutralization product obtained to a temperature-controlled after-reaction.

Abstract: In the production of highly concentrated pastes of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester alkali metal salts by reaction of fatty acid alkyl esters with gaseous SO.sub.3, subsequent after-reaction in liquid phase and neutralization with aqueous alkali hydroxide solutions, the sulfonation product and aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution are introduced during neutralization into an aqueous phase initially containing 0 to 55% by weight washing-active substance at a pH value in the range from 2 to 8 and washing-active substance contents of 60 to 70% by weight are established.

Abstract: Guerbet carbonates corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a branched alkyl radical containing 12 to 44 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 has the same meaning as R.sup.1 or is a linear alkyl radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms; their use as lubricants; and a process for their preparation in which Guerbet alcohols are used to transesterify dialkyl carbonates of formula III ##STR2## in which R.sup.3 is a linear alkyl radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: In the production of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester alkali metal salt pastes by reaction of fatty acid alkyl esters with gaseous SO.sub.3, subsequent after-reaction in liquid phase and neutralization with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solutions, the crude sulfonation product is fed to an at least two-stage cascade of stirred tanks equipped with heating and cooling systems in which it is subjected with mechanical agitation to a temperature-controlled after-reaction until a degree of sulfonation of at least 90% is reached, after which the aged sulfonation product is further processed in known manner to .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester alkali metal salt pastes.

Abstract: In the production of highly concentrated pastes of .alpha.-sulfofatty acid alkyl ester alkali metal salts by reaction of fatty acid alkyl esters with gaseous SO.sub.3, subsequent after-reaction in liquid phase and neutralization with aqueous alkali hydroxide solutions, the sulfonation product and aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution are introduced during neutralization into an aqueous phase initially containing at least 55% by weight washing-active substance at a pH value in the range from 2 to 8 and washing-active substance contents of 60 to 70% by weight are established.

Abstract: Method for enhancing the strength of paper comprising the steps ofA) contacting paper fibers with a water slurry of at least one polymer which is a homopolymer and/or a random copolymer of an allylamine;B) forming a paper sheet from the paper fibers; andC) drying the paper sheet.

Abstract: Process for the production of a benzoyloxybenzene sulfonate by reaction of a phenol sulfonate with an optionally substituted benzoyl chloride in the presence of a base, wherein the reaction is carried out in a solvent mixture consisting of water and an organic solvent which is ethanol, isopropanol, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polyether polyamines comprising the steps ofA) reacting a polyol with an epihalohydrin in the presence of a catalyst;B) adding an at least equimolar quantity of an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide, based on the weight of catalyst, to the reaction mixture formed in step A);C) distilling volatile constituents from the reaction mixture from step B) at a temperature below about 150.degree. C. and under a pressure below about 1.33.times.10.sup.4 Pa.;D) filtering the reaction mixture remaining after step C) at a temperature in the range of from about 80.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. to remove insoluble components thereof from the bishalohydrin reaction product; andE) reacting the bishalohydrin reaction product with ammonia and/or an amine in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to form a polyether polyamine.

Abstract: C.sub.8-22 fatty alcohols are produced by a process which comprises contacting a triglyceride with hydrogen in the presence of a copper-zinc catalyst and in a reaction zone. The hydrogen pressure in the reaction zone is from about 200 to about 280 bar, the temperature of the entrance of the reaction zone is from about 200.degree. C. to about 230.degree. C., and the temperature of the exit of the reaction zone is from about 190.degree. C. to about 220.degree. C. The amount of 1,2-propanediol formed is optimized by the lower temperature of the exit portion of the reaction zone.

Abstract: Process for the production of branched fatty acids and their esters comprising reacting unsaturated fatty acids or esters thereof with aliphatic nonactivated olefins in the presence of layer silicates and active carbon.

Abstract: Liquid nonionic surfactant combination having improved low temperature stability which comprises:(a) from about 20% to about 50% by weight of an alcohol ethoxylate derived from primary linear C.sub.12-15 alcohols having an average degree of ethoxylation equal to from about 2 to about 7;(b) from about 20% to about 50% by weight of an alcohol alkoxylate derived from primary saturated alcohols containing 12 to 15 carbon atoms in which the alcohol radical can be linear, methyl-branched in the 2-position, or a mixture of said linear and said methyl-branched radicals, having an average degree of ethoxylation equal to from about 3 to about 7 and an average degree of propoxylation equal to from about 2 to about 8;(c) from about 5% to about 50% by weight of an alcohol ethoxylate derived from oxoalcohol mixtures of primary, linear, and 2-methyl-branched C.sub.12-15 alcohols having an average degree of ethoxylation equal to from about 2 to about 8.