Abstract: A process for producing substantially crystalline graphitic carbon nanofibers comprised of graphite sheets. The graphite sheets are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the carbon nanofiber. These carbon nanofibers are produced by contacting an iron:copper bimetallic bulk catalyst with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures from about 550° C. to about 670° C. for an effective amount of time.

Abstract: A device for in situ real time monitoring of atomic and molecular fluxes by use Rayleigh scattering. The flux can be generated by an effusion cell during molecular beam epitaxy. The present device uses a coherent light source, such as a helium neon laser, a high precision mirror assembly capable of providing an effective number of reflections though the flux beam and an interferometer detector to track the changes in flux.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery having an anode comprised of substantially crystalline graphitic carbon nanofibers composed of graphite sheets. The graphite sheets are preferably substantially perpendicular or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carbon nanofiber. This invention also relates to the above-mentioned electrode for use in lithium ion secondary batteries.

Abstract: Graphite nanofiber catalyst systems for use in the production of fuel cell electrodes. The graphite nanofibers are comprised of graphite sheets aligned either substantially perpendicular or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the nanofiber. The graphite nanofibers contain exposed surfaces of which at least about 95% of the exposed surfaces are comprised of edge sites.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of TNT and aluminum from tritonal-containing military shells. The process uses a solvent in which the TNT is substantially soluble, but not the aluminum. This results in a liquid organic solvent phase and a solid aluminum particle phase. The aluminum particles are recovered by conventional solid-liquid separation techniques, such as filtering, gravity settling, and the like. The TNT is recovered from the solvent by flashing or evaporating the solvent and recrystallizing the TNT.

Abstract: An adjustable cart for holding and transporting various size rectangular bins. The cart has an upper section and a lower section wherein said upper section contains a lip for supporting a rectangular bin. The cart also contains two vertical members spaced a predetermined distance apart and each having a lower section that is curved downwardly and rearwardly. The cart also contains wheels rotatably connected to the two vertical members and a handle connecting the two vertical members and vertically oriented members for supporting the cart.

Abstract: A method for the integration of a manufacturing facility with a salt dome, which manufacturing facility is one for the production of high purity titanium dioxide using chlorine as a reactant. The metal chlorides produced as a by-product of titanium dioxide production are reacted with sodium hydroxide to produce metal hydroxide precipitates in an aqueous sodium chloride solution, which is then conducted into a reservoir of brine in a salt dome. The metal hydroxide precipitates are allowed to settle and the sodium chloride solution mixes with the brine. A portion of the brine is conducted to the surface where it is decomposed to produce chlorine, hydrogen, and sodium hydroxide. The chlorine and sodium hydroxide are recycled for use in the overall integrated process.

Abstract: The invention relates to apparatus and method for the treatment of recyclable materials from solid waste. The material is introduced into a pressure vessel where it is heated and shredded. Fluid jets within the vessel produce a cutting/agitating action on the waste material as it flows through the vessel.

Abstract: An improved membrane pervaporation and vapor permeation system is disclosed in which the vacuum is produced by a fluid passing through a Venturi-type nozzle. The fluid is chosen from solvents that have an affinity for the permeate molecules. It is applicable over of process feed rates, can be used with either organic or aqueous systems and conserves energy relative to existing technology.

Abstract: Selective and deep desulfurization of a high sulfur content mogas naphtha, with reduced product mercaptans and olefin loss, is achieved by a two stage, vapor phase hydrodesulfurization process with interstage separation of at least 80 vol. % of the H2S formed in the first stage from the first stage, partially desulfurized naphtha vapor effluent fed into the second stage. At least 70 wt. % of the sulfur is removed in the first stage and at least 80 wt. % of the remaining sulfur is removed in the second stage, to achieve a total at least 95 wt. % feed desulfurization, with no more than a 60 vol. % feed olefin loss. The second stage temperature and space velocity are preferably greater than in the first. The hydrodesulfurization catalyst preferably contains a low metal loading of Co and Mo metal catalytic components on an alumina support.

Abstract: An additive catalyst for the cracking of heavy oil, characterized in that the additive catalyst includes: (i) a mixed metal oxide composed of an acidic metal oxide and a basic metal oxide, in which the proportion of the basic metal oxide is from 5 to 50 mole %, (ii) clay, and (iii) silica.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulfur compounds present in petroleum and petrochemical streams and the saturation of aromatics over noble metal-containing catalysts under relatively mild conditions. The noble metal is selected from Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh and polymetallics thereof. The catalyst system also contains a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material.

Abstract: An improved catalyst activation process for olefinic naphtha hydrodesulfurization. This process maintains the sulfur removal activity of the catalyst while reducing the olefin saturation activity.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of multiple condensed ring heterocyclic organosulftir compounds found in petroleum and petrochemical streams. HDS is preferably conducted in a mixed bed containing: (a) a Ni-based catalyst on an inorganic refractory support, and (b) a hydrogen sulfide sorbent material. The desulfurized stream can then be passed to further processing, including aromatics saturation and/or ring opening.

Abstract: A three stage process for producing high quality white oils, particularly food grade mineral oils from mineral oil distillates. The first reaction stage preferably employs a sulfur resistant hydrotreating catalyst and produces a product suitable for use as a high quality lubricating oil base stock. The second reaction stage preferably employs a hydrogenation/hydrodesulfurization catalyst combined with a sulfur sorbent and produces a product stream which is low in aromatics and which has substantially “nil” sulfur. The final reaction stage employs a selective hydrogenation catalyst that produces a product suitable as a food grade white oil.

Abstract: A multi-stage extraction process for extracting fats and oils from cooked food products. The cooked food products can be plant-derived or animal-derived food products, particularly fried snack food products, such as potato chips. The method comprises treating the cooked food product in a two or more extraction stage with a suitable solvent at effective temperatures and pressures, wherein the food product is subjected to a vacuum between each extraction stage.

Abstract: Hydroprocessing of petroleum and chemical feedstocks using bulk Group VIII/Group VIB catalysts. Preferred catalysts include those comprised of Ni--Mo--W.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing process includes a cocurrent flow liquid reaction stage, a countercurrent flow liquid reaction stage and a vapor reaction stage in which feed components are catalytically hydroprocessed by reacting with hydrogen. Both liquid stages both produce a liquid and a vapor effluent, with the cocurrent stage liquid effluent the feed for the countercurrent stage and the countercurrent stage liquid effluent the hydroprocessed product liquid. Both liquid stage vapor effluents are combined and catalytically reacted with hydrogen in a vapor reaction stage, to form a hydroprocessed vapor. This vapor is cooled to condense and recover a portion of the hydroprocessed hydrocarbonaceous vapor components as additional product liquid. The uncondensed vapor is rich in hydrogen and is cleaned up if necessary, to remove contaminants, and then recycled back into the cocurrent stage as hydrogen-containing treat gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovering the transition metal component of catalysts used in the hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbonaceous materials. In accordance with the invention, a slurry of a transition metal catalyst and hydrocarbon is catalytically desulfurized resulting in a desulfurized product and a solid residue containing the transition metal. The transition metal may be recovered by coking the residue and then dividing the coker residue into two portions are combusted with the flue dust from the first combustion zone being conducted to the second combustion zone. The flue dust from the second combustion zone is treated with ammonia and ammonium carbonate in order to obtain ammonium molybdate.

Abstract: A process for hydrodesulfurizing naphtha feedstream wherein the reactor inlet temperature is below the dew point of the feedstock at the reactor inlet so that the naphtha will completely vaporize within the catalyst bed. It is preferred to use a catalyst comprised of about 1 to about 10 wt. % MoO.sub.3, about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % CoO supported on a suitable support material. They are also characterized as having an average medium pore diameter from about 60 .ANG. to 200 .ANG., a Co/Mo atomic ratio of about 0.1 to about 1.0, a MoO.sub.3 surface concentration of about 0.5.times.10.sup.-4 to about 3.0.times.10.sup.-4 g MoO.sub.3 /m.sup.2, and an average particle size of less than about 2.0 mm in diameter.