Abstract: An improved process for preparing a 6,6,6-trihalo-3,3-dimethyl-4-hexenoate, intermediate in the production of pyrethroid insecticides, comprises dehydrohalogenating with an organic amine a 4,6,6,6-tetrahalo-3,3-dimethylhexanoate having a 4-halogen atom of higher atomic number than any of the 6-halogen atoms.

Abstract: 5-Pyrimidinecarbonitriles, having amino substituents in the 2 and 6 positions and an alkoxy substituent in the 4 position, exhibit herbicidal activity. The preparation of novel active compounds and intermediates in this class is described; herbicidal compositions containing the active compounds are illustrated; and methods for utilizing the herbicidal compositions to control plant growth are disclosed.

Abstract: 1,1-Dihalo-4-methyl-1,3-pentadienes, key intermediates in the syntehsis of insecticidal dihalovinylcyclopropanecarboxylates, may be prepared in three steps beginning with the Friedel Crafts condensation of a vinylidene halide and an isobutyryl halide in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, followed by reduction of the 1,1-dihalo-4-methyl-1-penten-3-one produced thereby, and dehydration of the resulting 1,1-dihalo-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-pentene.

Abstract: A new class of herbicidal compounds consisting of 1-alkyl- and 1,1-dialkyl-3-(4-substituted-3-amino-5-isothiazolyl)ureas and N-(4-substituted-3-amino-5-isothiazolyl)-alkanamides, in which the 4-substituent consists of cyano and carbamoyl, exhibits preemergence and postemergence herbicidal activity, controlling effectively the growth of a wide spectrum of grassy and broad-leaved plant species. The synthesis of members of this class is described in detail, and the utility of representative compounds is exemplified.

Abstract: 1,1-Dihalo-4-methyl-1,3-pentadienes, key intermediates in the synthesis of insecticidal dihalovinylcyclopropanecarboxylates, result from the condensation of 3-methyl-1-butene with a carbon tetrahalide in the presence of a catalyst, followed by the base-induced dehydrohalogenation of the 1,1,1,3-tetrahalo-4-methylpentane resulting from the condensation.

Abstract: Production of c-5-aralkoxy-r-2-substituted-5-alkyl-1,3-dioxanes by epoxidizing the double bond of a 2-substituted-5-alkylidene-1,3-dioxane to form a cis epoxide, hydrogenolyzing said epoxide to form a 2-substituted-5-alkyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane in which there is a cis relationship between the 5-hydroxy and the 2-substituent, and etherifying said hydroxydioxane with an aralkyl halide.

Abstract: A new class of herbicidal compounds consisting of 1-alkyl- and 1,1-dialkyl-3-(4-substituted-3-alkoxy-5-isothiazolyl)ureas and N-(4-substituted-3-alkoxy-5-isothiazolyl)alkanamides, in which the 4-substituent consists of alkoxycarbonyl, cyano and carbamoyl, exhibits preemergence and postemergence herbicidal activity, controlling effectively the growth of a wide spectrum of grassy and broad-leaved plant species. The synthesis of members of this class is described in detail, and the utility of representative compounds is exemplified.

Abstract: A new class of herbicidal compounds consisting of 1-alkyl- and 1,1-dialkyl-3-(3-substituted-4-nitro-5-iso-thiazolyl)ureas in which the 3-substituent consists of alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, and alkylsulfonyl exhibits preemergence and postemergence herbicidal activity, controlling effectively the growth of a wide spectrum of grassy and broad-leaved plant species. The synthesis of a representative member of this class is described in detail, and its utility is exemplified.

Abstract: A new class of herbicidal compounds consisting of 1-alkyl- and 1,1-dialkyl-3-(3,4-substituted-5-isothiazolyl)ureas and N-(3,4-substituted-5-isothiazolyl)-alkanamides in which the 3-substituent consists of alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, and alkylsulfonyl, and the 4-substituent consists of cyano, and carbamoyl, exhibits preemergence and postemergence herbicidal activity, controlling effectively the growth of a wide spectrum of grassy and broad-leaved plant species. The synthesis of members of this class is described in detail, and the utility of representative compounds is exemplified.

Abstract: Packaging of powders in heat-sealed containers.Each charge of powder is extruded into its container through a powder-filled nozzle having a slot-like outlet, reducing dust formation and deposition on the walls of the container so that good heat seals are formed.

Abstract: Novel compositions including alkyl(2-hydroxycycloalkyl)-dimethylammonium salts as an essential active ingredient provide a method of regulating development of plants without killing the plants. The synthesis of members of the class of active compounds is described, and the utility of representative compositions is exemplified.

Abstract: A new class of herbicidal compounds consisting of 1,3-dioxanes carrying substituents other than hydrogen in the 2-, 4-, 5-, and 6-positions of the dioxane ring exhibits preemergence and postemergence herbicidal activity, controlling effectively the growth of selected grassy species. The synthesis of members of this class is described in detail, and the utility of representative compounds is exemplified.

Abstract: A new class of herbicidal compounds consisting of N'-(substituted-5-isothiazolyl)-N,N-dimethylformamidines in which the 3-substituent on the isothiazole moiety consists of alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino and dialkylamino, and the 4-substituent on the isothiazole moiety consists of cyano, carbamoyl, and nitro, and in which the hydrogen of the dimethylformamidine moiety may be substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or carbonitrile, exhibits preemergence and postemergence herbicidal activity, controlling effectively the growth of a wide spectrum of grassy and broad-leaved plant species. The synthesis of members of this class is described in detail, and the utility of representative compounds is exemplified.

Abstract: A new class of herbicidal compounds consisting of N,N-dialkyl-N'-(substituted-5-isothiazolyl)-N'-acylureas in which the 3-substitutent on the isothioazole moiety consists of alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylamino, and dialkylamino, and the 4-substituent on the isothiazole moiety consists of cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, and nitro; and in which the nitrogen atom of the N,N-dialkylurea to which the isothiazolyl moiety is bonded, is also bonded to an acyl moiety, exhibits outstanding preemergence and postemergence herbicidal activity, controlling effectively the growth of a wide spectrum of grassy and broad-leaved plant species. The synthesis of members of this class is described in detail and the utility of representative compounds is exemplified.

Abstract: 1,1,1-Trihalo-4-methylpentenes, carrying 2-substituents selected from those conjugate bases of Bronsted acids which are leaving groups in beta eliminations, are reduced electrochemically to 1,1-dihalo-4-methylpentadienes, intermediates in the synthesis of pyrethroid insecticides.

Abstract: A new class of chemical compounds useful for the control of insects consists of (methyl)(aminosulfenyl)carbamic acid esters of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol. The preparation of these compounds having a variety of (substituted-amino)sulfenyl groups, their physical properties, formulation, and use to control both household insects and crop pests are exemplified.

Abstract: A new class of chemical compounds useful for the control of insects consists of (methyl) (arylsulfenyl)-carbamic acid esters of 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol. The preparation of these compounds, their physical properties, formulation, and use to control both household insects and crop insects are exemplified.