Abstract: A process for preparing substituted phthalic anhydrides, e.g. 4-methylphthalic anhydride, in which the Diels-Alder addition product of a conjugated diene, e.g. isoprene, and maleic anhydride is reacted with bromine in the presence of a catalytic quantity of an acid acceptor. Typical catalytic acid acceptors include dimethylformamide and pyridine.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted phthalic anhydrides, e.g. 4-methylphthalic anhydride, in which the Diels-Alder addition product of a conjugated diene, e.g. isoprene, and maleic anhydride is reacted with bromine in the presence of an acid acceptor. Typical acid acceptors include dimethylformamide and pyridine.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising phosphonomethylating an N-carbamylated amino acid derivative with formaldehyde and a phosphorus source to obtain a phosphonomethylated N-carbamylated amino acid derivative which is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding phosphonomethylated amino acid, e.g. glyphosate, or acid derivative.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising phosphonomethylating an N-sulfonylglycine derivative with formaldehyde and a phosphorus source to obtain a phosphonomethylated N-sulfonylglycine derivative which is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding phosphonomethylated amino acid, e.g., glyphosate, or the acid derivative.The N-sulfonylglycine derivative can be prepared by reacting a sulfonic acid derivative with a haloacetic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising reacting a glycine derivative with a halosulfonic acid to form a N-sulfonylglycine derivative, then phosphonomethylating the N-sulfonylglycine derivative with formaldehyde and a phosphorus source to obtain a phosphonomethylated N-sulfonylglycine derivative which is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding phosphonomethylated amino acid, e.g. glyphosate or the acid derivative.

Abstract: An inhalation apparatus for exposing small laboratory animals, e.g., rats, to a test atmosphere in such a manner that the animals are exposed to a uniform concentration of the test atmosphere containing substantially no exhaled materials.The apparatus comprises, e.g., an animal holding tube capable of positioning the nose of an animal at a fixed point within the tube. The tube is provided with a test atmosphere inlet means located in the vicinity of the nose and an exhaust outlet such that the test atmosphere can be inhaled by the animal then exhausted rearward of the nose of the animal.A plurality of these animal holding tubes can be combined by connecting their inlet to a first plenum duct that is in communication with a source of the test atmosphere and connecting their outlet to a second plenum duct for exhausting substantially all exhaled materials and excess test atmosphere.

Abstract: Flexible, resilient, polyurethane foam having improved flame retardancy and intumescent properties is prepared from the reaction of polyether polyol with organic isocyanate and an additive combination comprising: (i) a polyester polyol, (ii) an halogenated flame retardant, and (iii) water or alcohol soluble urea-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: A dry blend capable of forming a fast-setting cement when reacted with an aqueous component. The blend comprises: a solid phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2 O.sub.5) containing component; a solid component comprising a magnesium containing compound; and an optional aggregate.The solid P.sub.2 O.sub.5 containing component is preferably spent solid phosphoric acid catalyst.The dry blend remains a free flowing powder until contacted with the aqueous component, preferably water, then a reaction occurs forming a fast-setting cement.

Abstract: Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate compositions having improved monofluorophosphate compatibility are prepared by adding pyrophosphoric acid to the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate reactor and terminating the reaction by which the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate is formed at a pH ranging from above about 2.2 to below about 4.9.

Abstract: An apparatus for pumping a liquid stored under pressure without pressure-induced, liquid leakage during seal failure. The liquid or slurry being pumped is usually of a type that is difficult to handle, e.g., liquids which are volatile, poisonous, corrosive or a combination of these characteristics.The apparatus comprises in combination a vessel capable of containing a liquid under pressure; a vertical pump with its inlet port in communication with the vessel; an equalizing line connecting the shaft housing of the pump with the vapor space of the vessel; and a shaft seal located within the pump above the equalizing line connection so that the vessel and the shaft housing can be pressure-equalized during seal failure.The apparatus further provides pressure sensitive switching means so that the pump can be isolated upon occurrence of a specified pressure change within the vessel.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising phosphonomethylating an N-carbamylated amino acid derivative with formaldehyde and a phosphorus source to obtain a phosphonomethylated N-carbamylated amino acid derivative which is then hydrolyzed to the corresponding phosphonomethylated amino acid, e.g. glyphosate, or acid derivative.

Abstract: Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate compositions having improved monofluorophosphate compatibility are prepared by reacting a lime slurry with phosphoric acid to form a monocalcium phosphate solution, and then further reacting the monocalcium phosphate solution with additional lime slurry to a pH in the range of from above about 2.2 to below about 5.5.

Abstract: A mixture capable of forming a fast-setting cement. The mixture comprises a liquid phosphorus pentoxide (P.sub.2 O.sub.5) containing waste component and a solid component comprising at least one magnesium containing compound. This solid component, e.g., magnesium oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate is capable of reacting with the liquid waste to form a monolithic solid.The liquid P.sub.2 O.sub.5 containing waste is preferably spent phosphoric acid from the metal chemical polishing industry.

Abstract: A stabilized photopolymerizable composition comprising photopolymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomeric compounds, a photoinitiator and at least one epoxide compound as a stabilizer.

Abstract: A process for preparing phosphonomethylated amino acids comprising phosphonomethylating a N-carboxymethyl-S-methylene bisdithiocarbamate with formaldehyde and a phosphorus source to obtain a phosphonomethylated bisdithiocarbamate which is then hydrolyzed to the phosphonomethylated amino acid salt. Acidification yields the corresponding phosphonomethylated amino acid, e.g. glyphosate, or acid derivative.

Abstract: Phenylphosphonous dichloride is prepared by the continuous reaction of monochlorobenzene, phosphorus trichloride, and elemental phosphorus at elevated pressures and temperatures.