Patents Represented by Attorney Herbert D. Knudsen

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  • Process for the oxidation of olefins to aldehydes and acids
    Patent number: 4176234
    Abstract: The process comprises the vapor phase oxidation of lower molecular weight olefins to the corresponding unsaturated aldehydes and unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of a catalyst comprising the oxides of iron, bismuth, molybdenum and at least one element of the Group II elements as essential components, and optionally the oxides of phosphorus, arsenic and an alkali metal.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 26, 1977
    Date of Patent: November 27, 1979
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company
    Inventors: Robert K. Grasselli, Arthur F. Miller, Harley F. Hardman
  • Recovery of bitumen from tar sands
    Patent number: 4174263
    Abstract: Bitumen is separated from tar sands by contacting the tar sands with a small amount of liquid, heating the liquid treated tar sands to expand the liquid as a vapor thereby reducing the density of the bitumen and separating the bitumen from the remainder of the tar sands on the basis of density.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 28, 1978
    Date of Patent: November 13, 1979
  • Oxidative dehydrogenation using chromium-containing catalysts
    Patent number: 4174354
    Abstract: Catalysts containing at least nickel or cobalt, chromium, bismuth and molybdenum have been found to be especially useful for the ammoxidation of olefins, the oxidation of olefins and the oxidative dehydrogenation of olefins.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 18, 1974
    Date of Patent: November 13, 1979
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company (Ohio)
    Inventors: Robert K. Grasselli, Arthur F. Miller, Wilfrid G. Shaw
  • Preparation of unsaturated acids
    Patent number: 4172956
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst composition consisting of oxide complexes of vanadium, molybdenum and copper plus an additional metal oxide selected from the group consisting of antimony and germanium or mixtures thereof. These catalysts are especially useful for producing acrylic acid from acrolein and for producing methacrylic acid from methacrolein.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 22, 1977
    Date of Patent: October 30, 1979
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company (Ohio)
    Inventors: Wilfrid G. Shaw, David B. Terrill
  • Production of maleic anhydride from four-carbon hydrocarbons using catalysts prepared by hydrothermal techniques
    Patent number: 4172084
    Abstract: Exceptionally reproducible catalysts comprising vanadium and phosphorus are obtained when an aqueous oxide slurry comprising vanadium, phosphorus and a mineral acid-free, inorganic reducing agent, which is capable of reducing the vanadium in the catalyst to a valence state below +5, is heated at an elevated temperature of at least 120.degree. C. under autogenous pressure so that substantial evaporation of the water in said oxide slurry is prevented. Especially preferred catalysts comprise vanadium, phosphorus, uranium and oxygen. Catalysts prepared in accordance with the invention are especially desirable in the oxidation of n-butane, n-butenes, 1,3-butadiene or mixture thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 31, 1977
    Date of Patent: October 23, 1979
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company
    Inventor: Noel J. Bremer
  • Oxidation process utilizing amphora catalysts
    Patent number: 4171454
    Abstract: Catalysts having a substantially spherical shape, a void center and a hole in the external surface communicating to the void center have been found to be especially effective in the oxidation of monoolefins to the corresponding unsaturated oxygenated compounds.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 10, 1975
    Date of Patent: October 16, 1979
    Assignee: The Standard Oil Company
    Inventors: Arthur F. Miller, James L. Callahan, Wilfrid G. Shaw
  • Process for preparing oxidation catalysts
    Patent number: 4170570
    Abstract: A process for preparing an attrition resistant molybdenum-containing oxidation catalyst comprising; heat-treating the active catalytic components in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature in excess of 175.degree. C.; refluxing the heat-treated oxide catalyst in an aqueous slurry of the required amount of support material; ball milling the resulting catalyst mixture; and subjecting the ball milled catalyst to a second heat-treating step in an oxidizing atmosphere, at a temperature in excess of 200.degree. C.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 3, 1978
    Date of Patent: October 9, 1979
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company (Ohio)
    Inventors: Robert J. Zagata, Wilfrid G. Shaw, David R. Woodbury
  • Amphora aggregates and the process for their preparation
    Patent number: 4170569
    Abstract: Improved amphora aggregates having a substantially spherical shape, a void center and two cavities 180.degree. apart in the external surface communicating to the void center are useful in diffusion-limited reactions and/or reactions in which heat transfer is critical. Especially preferred is use of the amphora aggregates in the hydrotreating of light hydrocarbon fractions, catalytic reforming, and fixed-bed alkylation processes.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 7, 1978
    Date of Patent: October 9, 1979
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company
    Inventors: Daniel R. Herrington, Albert P. Schwerko
  • Coal desulfurization
    Patent number: 4168148
    Abstract: The sulfur content of coal can be significantly reduced by leaching the coal with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 31, 1978
    Date of Patent: September 18, 1979
    Assignee: The Standard Oil Company (Ohio)
    Inventors: Donald B. Anthony, Allan V. Marse
  • Coking drum and process for forming improved graphite coke
    Patent number: 4168224
    Abstract: Cooling water for cooling coke in a coking drum is charged into the interior of the coking drum from a plurality of orifices located on the lateral surfaces of the coking drum so as to uniformly distribute the cooling effect provided by the cooling water.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 14, 1977
    Date of Patent: September 18, 1979
    Assignee: The Standard Oil Company (Ohio)
    Inventor: John C. Jansma
  • Coal desulfurization
    Patent number: 4167397
    Abstract: The pyritic sulfur content of coal can be significantly reduced by contacting the coal with an aqueous solution of a salt which increases the dielectric constant of the solution.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 31, 1978
    Date of Patent: September 11, 1979
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company
    Inventor: Stephen L. Grant
  • Production of unsaturated nitriles using catalysts containing boron, gallium or indium
    Patent number: 4167494
    Abstract: Certain catalysts containing iron and molybdenum plus bismuth or tellurium and nickel, cobalt, manganese, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, calcium or beryllium have been found to give especially large volumes of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile in a given time when boron, gallium or indium are incorporated into the catalyst.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 21, 1977
    Date of Patent: September 11, 1979
    Assignee: The Standard Oil Company
    Inventors: Robert K. Grasselli, Dev D. Suresh, Arthur F. Miller
  • Acrylic acid recovery and purification
    Patent number: 4166774
    Abstract: The separation of acrylic acid from a mixture of acrylic acid and acetic acid found in the reaction product stream obtained in the process of producing acrylic acid by the oxidation of propylene or acrolein is improved by removing a vapor sidestream from the solvent recovery column found in the process. Acetic acid is then separated from this stream without the addition of external heat.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 5, 1977
    Date of Patent: September 4, 1979
    Assignee: The Standard Oil Company
    Inventor: David R. Wagner
  • Process air coolers used for combustion air preheating
    Patent number: 4165716
    Abstract: An air-cooled process heat exchanger is connected to a process fired heater which uses ambient air for combustion. The exhaust air from the heat exchanger is used as preheated air to the combustion furnace, resulting in energy savings and decreased fuel consumption.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 17, 1977
    Date of Patent: August 28, 1979
    Assignee: The Standard Oil Company
    Inventors: John W. Thomas, Ronald L. Harris
  • Process for recovery of olefinic nitriles
    Patent number: 4166008
    Abstract: In the recovery and purification of acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile obtained by the ammoxidation reaction of propylene or isobutylene, the bottoms stream associated with the column for extractively distilling acrylonitrile or methacrylonitrile is both reduced in size and increased in polymer concentration by removing a vapor stream containing water from the lower fourth of said column, thus reducing the amount of solids-containing waste streams to be treated.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 29, 1977
    Date of Patent: August 28, 1979
    Assignee: The Standard Oil Company
    Inventors: Hsin C. Wu, William O. Fitzgibbons
  • Oxidation catalysts
    Patent number: 4165300
    Abstract: Maleic anhydride and acrylic acid are produced by the oxidation of 1,3-butadiene, n-butylenes, crotonaldehyde and furan with molecular oxygen in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalytic oxide of antimony, molybdenum, vanadium and lithium, cerium, or mixture thereof, wherein the element selected from the group consisting of calcium, iron, tungsten, magnesium, aluminum and nickel is optionally added as a reducing agent. The oxidation of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of a catalyst wherein tungsten metal is used as a reducing agent gives especially desirable high yields to maleic anhydride.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 21, 1977
    Date of Patent: August 21, 1979
  • Process for removing sulfur from coal
    Patent number: 4162898
    Abstract: Inorganic and organic sulfur are removed from coal by contacting the coal with gun blueing solution, namely an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and sodium hydroxide.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 31, 1978
    Date of Patent: July 31, 1979
    Assignee: The Standard Oil Company
    Inventors: Donald B. Anthony, Allan V. Marse
  • Oxidation catalysts
    Patent number: 4162234
    Abstract: Catalysts containing iron, bismuth, molybdenum plus nickel, cobalt, magnesium, zinc, cadmium, strontium or calcium are promoted with yttrium, zirconium, silver, sulfur, cerium, thorium, praseodymium, ruthenium, gallium, niobium, germanium, chromium, tin, manganese, indium, copper, tellurium, lanthanum, tantalum, tungsten or mixture thereof to give extremely desirable catalysts for various oxidation reactions.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 1, 1977
    Date of Patent: July 24, 1979
    Assignee: The Standard Oil Company
    Inventors: Robert K. Grasselli, Dev D. Suresh, Harley F. Hardman
  • Recovery of acrylic acid from quench bottoms by the addition of aluminum chloride
    Patent number: 4161613
    Abstract: The addition of a salt comprising a group III A metal halide, such as aluminum chloride, to an acrylic acid-water solution obtained from the oxidation of propylene or acrolein, allows recovery of a 95% or better acrylic acid solution by phase separation.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 14, 1977
    Date of Patent: July 17, 1979
    Assignee: Standard Oil Company (Ohio)
    Inventors: Stephen C. Paspek, Jr., William A. Every
  • Apparatus for calcining green coke
    Patent number: 4158541
    Abstract: A hollow, high-temperature alloy pipe with motive means to move air there through is employed as a support structure for supporting the feed pipe in a conventional coke-calcining apparatus. The support pipe is horseshoe shaped, and the feed pipe is received in the seat of the horseshoe.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 16, 1977
    Date of Patent: June 19, 1979
    Assignee: The Standard Oil Company
    Inventors: Ernest W. Klechka, James R. Hemsath