Abstract: Data service transmission interruption is minimized by initially setting up a cluster of channels to transmit data services. As the need arises to switch channels due to the detection of an incumbent signal, the data services can be switched with substantially no delay. A group of channels from those available in a wireless network are chosen to form a cluster of channels. Each channel within the cluster is set up to convey data services with channel parameters being stored. A first operating channel is chosen from among the cluster of channels to transmit the data services. While the data services are being transmitted on the first operating channel, out-of-band spectrum sensing occurs on the other channels. Upon predetermined criteria a channel switch occurs. As each channel has already been set up the necessary channel parameters are retrieved from storage and restored without data service interruption.

Abstract: The subject is to provide a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a negatively large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance and a high stability to ultraviolet light or heat, or that is suitably balanced regarding at least two of the characteristics. The subject is to provide a AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth.

Abstract: A transmitting station (TS), for transmitting a plurality of symbols of a data signal in a communication system, comprises a process module (PM) arranged for adding subset of the symbols of the data signal to symbols of a predetermined signal prior to proceed to transmission of the data signal.

Abstract: A glass substrate processing method includes irradiating laser light L onto a glass substrate 1 such that the laser light L is focused within the glass substrate 1, thereby forming a high density area 3 that has a higher density than areas where the laser light L is not irradiated around the portion where the laser light L is focused; and performing chemical etching on the glass substrate 1 using an etching solution such that at least a portion of the high density area is allowed to remain, thereby forming a projection 2 on a surface 1a of the glass substrate 1.

Abstract: An integrated circuit configurable to encode data according to a number of coding schemes and to generate cyclic redundancy codes, includes a number of identical specific hardware cells, and each cell includes four outputs for binary signals, four inputs for binary signals, a buffer to delay by one clock period a binary value received on an input and to output a one-clock period delayed binary value, binary adders to perform XOR operations, configurable multiplexers connecting the outputs, the inputs, the buffer and the adders to each other according to several configurable paths, and controllable switch matrices external to each cell and able to electrically connect and disconnect inputs to or from outputs of another cell.

Abstract: The SINR (signal-to-interference+noise ratio) estimator comprises a low-pass filter (66) to filter a variance ?? computed from the received pilot symbol amplitude to obtain an estimated variance ?? with a reduced bias, wherein the low-pass filter has an adjustable coefficient and the estimator comprises an electronic controller able to adjust the value of the adjustable coefficient according to the number of pilot symbols received during a timeslot.

Abstract: An image capture device captures a plurality of sequential images of a vehicle in motion. At substantially the same time a collocated rangefinder determines the distance between the vehicle and the image capture device. Each of the plurality of images may be segmented based on the rangefinder point of reference. The portion of each image representing the vehicle is extracted based on its motion with respect to a stationary background. Knowing the size of the vehicle with respect to the image and the distance that the vehicle is from the image capture device, the image data is converted to real world dimensions. Using these real world dimensions a vehicle classification is determined.

Abstract: A method of generating a reset signal for an integrated circuit without a dedicated reset pin includes calibrating a first clock pulse from a clock signal, measuring a second clock pulse from the clock signal, measuring a third clock pulse from the clock signal, and generating an internal reset signal if the first clock pulse width is longer than a predetermined minimum clock pulse width, if the second clock pulse is within an expected first value range, and if the third clock pulse is within an expected second value range.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having general physical properties necessary for a liquid crystal compound, a high stability to heat, light or the like, a small viscosity, a suitable refractive index anisotropy, a suitable dielectric anisotropy and steep electro-optic characteristics, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and a liquid crystal compound especially having a wide temperature range of a nematic phase. A compound represented by formula (1). with, for example, R1 and R2 are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; A1 is 1,4-cyclohexylene; A2 is 2,3-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; X is fluorine or chlorine; Z1 and Z2 are a single bond; and p and q is 0 or 1.

Abstract: There is provided a storage water of a silicon wafer wherein a liquid temperature of the storage water is 0 to 18° C. And there is provided a shower water of a silicon wafer wherein a liquid temperature of the shower water is 0 to 18° C. The wafer is stored in the storage water, and showered using the shower water. The present invention also relates to a method for storing silicon wafer wherein the silicon wafer is showered using a shower water of which liquid temperature is 0 to 18° C., and is then stored in liquid using a storage water of which liquid temperature is 0 to 18° C. Thereby, there can be provided a water for storing a silicon wafer, a method for storing it, a water for showering it and a method for showering it wherein degradation of the wafer quality can be prevented.

Abstract: A light emitting device to awaken an animal and stimulate the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the brain to suppress melatonin secretion. The device can be programmed for an initiation time, color of light, brightness, frequency of pulsating light, and level of gradual intensity. It has the advantage of being silent and does not to disturb other people sleeping in the same room.

Abstract: Vertical dithering is performed for vertical droop compensation in image processing using Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs). Line memories are not used. A compensation circuit includes a signature reload input signal coupled to the input of five LFSRs. Each LFSR includes a signature store. The output of each LFSR provides a sequence output signal that is gated with a corresponding enable signal in a first logic circuit. The output of all of the first logic circuits are combined in a second logic circuit to provide a control signal output.

Abstract: A vertically aligned type liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal layer disposed between pixel electrodes and a common electrode and containing vertically aligned liquid crystal molecules, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules being controlled by an electric field. An orientation controller is formed on the common electrode at a position opposing the pixel electrode and an aspect ratio, i.e., a vertical to horizontal length ratio of the pixel electrode is set to at least 2. Alternatively, the pixel electrode is partitioned into at least two electrode regions so that each region represents a divided pixel electrode. An orientation controller is formed on the common electrode so as to correspond to each divided pixel electrode, an aspect ratio of each divided pixel electrode is set to at least 2. As such, the influence at the edge sections of the pixel electrode is reduced, viewing angle characteristic and transmittance are improved, and average response time is shortened.

Abstract: Annatto extract composition (AEC), including cis and trans geranyl geraniols (GG) and tocopherol-free C-5 unsubstituted tocotrienols (T3), increases the de novo synthesis of intermediate isoprenoid and distal protein products, including endogenous coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), dolichols (DL) and all subsequent GG-prenylated and DL-glycosylated proteins, including GG-porphyrinated hemes. This intermediate and distal product replenishment by AEC reverses maladies of myotoxicity (of both drug and non-drug origins), including maladies that affect the muscle, kidney, eye, GI tract and skin, nerve, blood, and CoQ10-related syndromes of energetics and LDL protection. AEC anabolically increases the endogenous de novo CoQ10 synthesis via GG elongation/prenylation of side-chain and conversely CoQ10 catabolically increases the endogenous de novo GG synthesis via beta-oxidation of CoQ10. Also, such AEC decreases de novo synthesis and increases disposal of triglycerides (TG) in humans via PPAR activation and SREBP deactivation.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards a method and apparatus for estimating a noise variance in a receiver of a code multiplex telecommunications system with orthogonal spreading codes, wherein respective real and imaginary parts of a sum and a difference of two estimated symbols having substantially same amplitudes are determined, and then respective minimum energy components of the determined real and imaginary parts of the sum and difference are determined. The respective minimum energy components are finally combined to obtain the noise variance. Thereby, noise variance can be estimated simply based on addition and comparison operations, which reduces complexity and processing load.

Abstract: A six field address scheme identifies both the originating point and the endpoint of a data frame enabling multiple hop forwarding through a plurality of intermediate mesh points in a wireless mesh network. Data frames originating or ending at a point outside of the wireless mesh network access the wireless network at a mesh access point using a legacy address scheme. The legacy address schemes are converted to a six address scheme using a proxy address table at the access point. Each mesh access point includes not only a routing table but a proxy address table as well as enabling the mesh access point, and/or mesh portal points, to convert address schemes having less than six address fields to the six field format. Subsequent to the conversion, mesh points within the wireless mesh network need only the routing table to facilitate the forwarding of the data frame.

Abstract: Fair usage of working channels in a wireless network is disclosed. A base station associated with a cell within a wireless community monitors the congestion of the working channel of neighboring communities. Upon determining that the congestion of the working channel of a neighboring community is less than that of its existing working channel, the base station initiates a switch to the neighboring community's working channel. Upon joining the new community, the frame structure and other networking parameters and attributes are adjusted.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to a method and apparatus for scanning an array of sensors. More particularly, the invention is directed towards scanning an array of sensors to accurately determine actuated sensors on a contact-sensitive surface. In one embodiment, three sets of sensing lines can be incorporated into the sensing area for ghost-free detection of up to two keys. Further in other embodiments, n sets of sensing lines can be incorporated into the sensing area for ghost free detection of up to n?1 keys.