Abstract: A method of generating a multiscale contrast enhanced image is described wherein the shape of edge transitions is preserved. Detail images are subjected to a conversion, the conversion function of at least one scale being adjusted for each detail pixel value according to the ratio between the combination of the enhanced center differences and the combination of the unenhanced center differences.

Abstract: A photoelectric structure is presented, comprising one or more PiN cells. The PiN cell is formed by an intrinsic semiconductor bulk having front and rear surfaces enclosed between p- and n-type regions extending along side surfaces of said semiconductor bulk. The front and rear surfaces of the intrinsic semiconductor bulk are active surfaces of the PiN cell and said side surfaces of said semiconductor bulk formed with said p- and n-type regions are configured and operable for collecting excess charged carriers generated in said semiconductor bulk in response to collected electromagnetic radiation to which at least one of the active surfaces is exposed during the PiN cell operation.

Abstract: A method for fabrication of an inaccessible RF microwave waveguide structure is provided. The method includes providing an RF microwave waveguide network including an array of waveguide components that have one or more apertures in a wall. The method also includes providing one or more dummy load elements made of a ceramic material having high-temperature stable properties. The dummy load elements are mounted in a predetermined place on the wall in the vicinity of the aperture. The method also includes providing a blocking assembly configured for covering RF microwave waveguide network. The blocking assembly is connected to the RF microwave waveguide network by using dip brazing.

Abstract: This invention seeks to provide methods and apparatus for analysis. Electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through a plurality of metallic islands on a transparent substrate. A resultant optical property of the plurality of metallic islands is measured. Thereafter a chemical substance is adsorbed onto the plurality of metallic islands so as to produce a chemical substance-metallic islands moiety. Electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through the chemical substance-metallic islands moiety and a resultant optical property of metallic islands in the chemical substance-metallic islands moiety is measured.

Abstract: A process to determine the porosity and/or mineral content of mineral samples with an x-ray CT system is described. Based on the direct-projection techniques that use a spatially-resolved x-ray detector to record the x-ray radiation passing through the sample, 1 micrometer or better resolution is achievable. Furthermore, by using an x-ray objective lens to magnify the x-ray image in a microscope configuration, a higher resolution of up to 50 nanometers or more is achieved with state-of-the-art technology. These x-ray CT techniques directly obtain the 3D structure of the sample with no modifications to the sample being necessary. Furthermore, fluid or gas flow experiments can often be conducted during data acquisition so that one may perform live monitoring of the physical process in 3D.

Abstract: A frequency swept laser source that generates an optical signal that is tuned over a spectral scan band at single discrete wavelengths associated with longitudinal modes of the swept laser source. Laser hopping over discrete single cavity modes allows long laser coherence length even under dynamic very high speed tuning conditions. A ramp drive to the laser is used to linearize laser frequency tuning. A beam splitter is used to divide the optical signal between a reference arm leading to a reference reflector and a sample arm leading to a sample. A detector system detects the optical signal from the reference arm and the sample arm for generating depth profiles and images of the sample.

Abstract: A spectroscopy wavelength and amplitude referencing system comprises an optical bench receiving a tunable optical signal from a tunable signal source, a wavelength reference detector on the bench for determining a wavelength of the tunable optical signal, an amplitude reference detector on the bench for determining an amplitude of the tunable optical signal and an output optical signal fiber for transmitting the tunable optical signal to a sample. Also, spectroscopy system controller determines a spectral response of the sample to the tunable optical signal by determining an instantaneous wavelength of the tunable optical signal by reference to the wavelength reference detector.

Abstract: The set of inventions relates to display engineering and is used for displaying color alphanumeric and graphical information for designing and developing different infomercial display means on externally and internally located objects. The said invention makes it possible to improve the quality of displayed information, the operational reliability thereof and to reduce the costs by that the structural design and the arrangement of light clusters in the information desks of columns are optimized, and required dimensions of the information desks and the distance therebetween when a video field image is formed are determined. The elements of the running letters consist of two adjacent pixels having a common light-emitting-diode and the inventive arrangement configuration of the light-emitting-diodes in a pixel makes it possible to control the image resolution.

Abstract: An apparatus (10) for reading out, in a time-saving and reliable way, X-ray information stored in storage phosphor plates with an input unit (12) in which a plurality of cassettes (14) in which a storage phosphor plate to be read out is respectively located, can be input.

Abstract: A method of generating a multiscale contrast enhanced image preserving the shape of the edge transitions is described. Enhanced detail pixel values are computed by combining enhanced center difference images at least one scale.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a mixture for quality control of 0.1 g glycine tablets for sublingual application. The mixture for quality control includes a 100:0.5 ratio of ethanol to porphyrized tablets, each tablet containing 0.1 g microcapsules of non-agglomerated crystals of amino-acetic acid covered with a polymeric film of water-soluble methylcellulose, each tablet further containing 0.001 g of magnesium stearate. The process for preparing the mixture includes dissolution of the tablet in ethanol for 20 minutes and is carried out at a temperature of 40° C. in an apparatus using a paddle rotation speed of 200 revolutions per minute. After the mixture is dissolved, it is allowed to stand for 10 minutes at room temperature, and then a light transmission coefficient is measured at 700±2 nm for a 10 mm thick layer of the mixture. A transmission value within the limits of 90% to 100% compared with 50% ethanol corresponds to the proper quality.

Abstract: The inventive breath training device comprises a respiratory tube, a low-frequency mechanical air oscillation generator provided with an oscillation chamber embodied therein and provided with an input channel which is embodied in the form of an upwardly extending saddle-shaped body of revolution, contains a spherical ball and is connected to the respiratory tube and to an output channel communicating with ambient air, wherein the respiratory tube is provided with a jacket in which the body of the low-frequency mechanical air oscillation generator rotatable about a horizontal axis is fixed and a bypass chamber provided with an inspiratory tube is formed, said inspiratory tube comprises an inspiratory valve provided with a tubular attachment and the output channel of the oscillation chamber of the low-frequency mechanical air oscillation generator is also provided with an expiratory valve.

Abstract: The invention concerns the production of filter materials for the purification and disinfection of water, water solutions and other liquids, as well as for sterilizing filtration of injections and other solutions, for concentration of biomolecules in physiological liquids, concentration and extraction of viruses, preparation of apyrogenic water, in biocatalytic diaphragm reactors. The invention solves the problems of a new filter material production, characterized by high sorption properties, high retention efficiency of submicron electronegative particles, microorganisms, submicron non-polar particles and chemical contaminations, and, at the same time, characterized by low hydrodynamic resistance. A base of filter material is the nonwoven organic synthetic polymeric fabric, modified by the aluminum hydroxide particles, fixed to the surface of base fibers for improvement of its sorption properties and for making it positively charged.

Abstract: Modular panels for radiant thermal conditioning systems have special purpose bus tracks for routing tubing. Specifically, these tracks enable the routing of tubing, and specifically tubing from multiple circuits, in-plane, in the floor, ceiling, or walls. Specifically, multiple laterally extending tracks are provided for handling multiple circuits. A modular panel enables the interconnection between tubing held in bus tracks and the arcuate return tracks that are used for the tubing direction changes that are needed for creating serpentine paths of the tubing loops.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flip-chip module with a semiconductor chip with contact posts, wherein the contact posts are connected electrically and mechanically to a substrate. Provided between the substrate and the semiconductor chip is a spacer, which is coupled mechanically to the substrate and/or the semiconductor chip. By this means, thermal stresses in the flip-chip module are absorbed by the spacer and kept away from the semiconductor chip. The invention also relates to a method for the production of a flip-chip module, in which firstly a spacer is located between the semiconductor chip and the substrate, after which the contact posts are soldered to the contact points of the substrate. Through the provision of the spacer the distance between the semiconductor chip and the substrate is set precisely, thereby improving the quality of the soldering points.

Abstract: For each of a number of landmarks in an image an initial position of the landmark is defined. Next a neighborhood around the initial position, comprising a number of candidate locations of the landmark is sampled and a cost is associated with each of the candidate locations. A cost function expressing a weighted sum of overall gray level cost and overall shape cost for all candidate locations is optimized. A segmented anatomic entity is defined as a path through a selected combination of candidate locations for which combination the cost function is optimized.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode chip package body with an excellent heat dissipation performance and a low manufacturing cost, and a packaging method of the same are disclosed. A LED chip package body is provided, the LED chip package body comprising: a LED chip having an electrode-side surface and at least two electrodes mounted on said electrode-side surface; an electrode-side insulating layer formed on said electrode-side surface of said LED chip and formed with a plurality of through-holes registered with corresponding said electrodes; a highly heat-dissipating layer formed in each of said through-holes of said insulating layer on said electrode-side surface; and a highly heat-conducting metal layer formed on said highly heat-dissipating layer in each of said through-holes.

Abstract: A phased antenna arrangement and a method for estimating the calibration ratio of an active phased antenna having a plurality of phased array antenna elements are described. The phased antenna arrangement includes a plurality of antenna elements, a plurality of receiving channels, an injection unit for injection of calibrating signals into the receiving channels, a point RF-source, located in a far field zone, a distance measurement unit, an amplitude and phase measurement unit and a data processing unit. The method comprises injecting an internal calibrating signal having a known amplitude and phase to each antenna element. An external calibration signal from a stationary RF-source is sequentially injected to all of the phased array antenna elements so that different phases of the external calibration signal arrive at each of the antenna elements.