Abstract: A method to stabilize planar nanostructures, for example grating and zone plate lenses that are typically used for directing or focusing x-ray radiation, includes the deposition of a top, stabilizing layer. The structures are typically made on a flat substrate, and therefore are only fixed at the bottom. At high aspect ratio, the stability can be poor since small forces such as electrostatic forces and van de Waals forces that are often present can alter the structure. The top coating of a metallic material such as titanium constrains the nanostructures at the top and at the same time eliminates electrostatic forces and reduces any thermal gradient that may be present across the device.

Abstract: An LED package structure includes a first LED chip, a second LED chip arranged on the minor light-emitting surface of the first LED chip, a conductive unit connected between the electrode areas for parallel or serially connecting the two LED chips together, and two external electric conduction units for electrically connecting both the first and second electrode areas of the first LED chip with an external circuit.

Abstract: A method is described for preparing a mixture for quality control of 0.1 g glycine tablets for sublingual application. The mixture for quality control includes a 100:1 ratio of water to porphyrized tablets, each tablet containing 0.101 g microcapsules of non-agglomerated crystals of amino-acetic acid covered with polymeric film of water-soluble methylcellulose, each tablet further comprising 0.001 g magnesium stearate. The process of dissolution takes 20 minutes and is carried out at a temperature of 37° C. in an apparatus using a paddle rotation speed of 150 revolutions per minute. After the mixture is dissolved, it is allowed to stand for 10 minutes, then a light transmission coefficient is measured at 700±2 nm for a 10 mm thick layer of the mixture. A transmission value within the range of 50% to 70% compared to purified water corresponds to the proper quality.

Abstract: A finger tester for testing non-componented printed circuit boards uses two or more test fingers, each having a test probe. A detection device is provided above each test probe for optical detection of the position above the circuit board of at least one contact tip of the test probe. The detection devices of the test fingers are each arranged in different vertically spaced planes, so that areas of the detection devices located above the test fingers are positioned above one another, aligned vertically to prevent contact during testing.

Abstract: An electronic device is presented for performing at least one logic function. The device comprises an electron emission based electrode arrangement associated with an electron extractor. The electrode arrangement comprises at least one basic unit including a photocathode, an anode, and one or more gates arranged aside a cavity defined between the photocathode and the anode. Said one or more gates are connectable to a voltage supply unit to be operated by one or more input voltages signals corresponding to one or more logical values, respectively. Said anode is operable as a floating electrode from which an electrical output of the device indicative of a resulted logic function is read. The anode is electrically connected to a photocathode of another cathode-anode unit of the same device, or is connected to an electrode of another electronic device.

Abstract: A method of laterally displacing at least a component of a light beam, the method comprising: a) directing the beam to enter a block of birefringent material at a first location, and at least the component of the beam to pass through the block on a first path to an exit location; and b) changing a polarization of the component of the beam after it has passed through the block, and directing it to pass back through the block from the previous exit location to a next exit location, following a next path oriented at changed angle due to its changed polarization state, at least one time; the component of the beam thereby being laterally displaced from the first location, when it exits the block a last time.

Abstract: A system and method of providing high speed, prioritized delivery of data packets over broadband communications networks that avoids inducing unwanted latency in data packet transmission. The system employs a hierarchical, real-time, weighted token bucket prioritization scheme that provides for fair sharing of the available network bandwidth. At least one token bucket is employed at each level of the hierarchy to meter data flows providing service applications included in multiple subscribers' service plans. Each token bucket passes, discards, or marks as being eligible for subsequent discarding data packets contained in the data flows using an algorithm that takes into account the priority of the data packets, including strict high, strict medium, and strict low priorities corresponding to strict priority levels that cannot be overridden. The algorithm also takes into account weighted priorities of at least a subset of the low priority data packets.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for an X-ray dosimeter support, comprises of a material-poor support-layer, held by a frame elevated by at least one foot, comprising optimization for low back-scatter, high measurement-repeatability and ease of assembly and disassembly.

Abstract: A method for correcting the measured values of positions of structures (3) on a substrate (2) resulting from bending of a substrate (2) is disclosed. A plurality of geometric parameters of the substrate (2) are determined. A plurality of physical parameters of the substrate (2) are determined. A degree of bending is calculated individually for each substrate (2) on the basis of the obtained geometric parameters, the physical parameters and the position of the support points (40). The measured position data of the structures (3) on the substrate (2) is corrected with the aid of each individually calculated degree of bending.

Abstract: A method reads out X-ray information stored in a storage phosphor layer where an X-ray picture is obtained and made up from a number of pixels. The method includes the steps of: irradiating the storage phosphor layer with a stimulation light beam which is moved along a line over the storage phosphor layer to stimulate the storage phosphor layer into emitting emission light; collecting emission light emitted from the storage phosphor layer, and converting the emission light collected into a corresponding detector signal S; deducing a number of detector signal values D from the detector signal S, where the number of deduced detector signal values D is greater then a predetermined number of pixels of the X-ray picture along the line; and deducing a picture signal value B for each pixel of the X-ray picture along the line from at least two of the detector signal values D.

Abstract: A method is disclosed which is suitable for the calibration of a measuring table (20) of a coordinate measuring machine (1). For this purpose, a mask (2) is deposited in a three-point support of the measuring table (20), wherein the mask (2) used for the calibration of the measuring table (20) is a mask (2), which is used for the semiconductor production. The measurement of positions of a plurality of different structures (3) which are arranged in a distributed manner on the mask (2) is carried out. The structures (3) are available in an initial orientation on the mask (2). The mask (2) is rotated and the position of the structures (3) is determined in the rotated orientation. Afterwards, the mask (2) is shifted and the position of the structures (3) is also determined. A total correction function for eliminating coordinate-dependant measuring errors is determined, wherein the total correction function has a first correction function and a second correction function.

Abstract: The invention relates to computer engineering, and its usage ensures the possibility to recognize types of failures occurring during operation of the program computing means, and to respond respectively for a failure of each type. The failures can include errors in storing the core memory content, control transfer to wrong command errors, and errors relating to various time interruptions during a program run.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for the testing of noncomponented circuit boards. The method according to the invention is used to determine deviations of circuit board test points of a series of circuit boards from the CAD data relating to these circuit boards, by scanning the surface of the circuit board by an imaging method and subjecting this image to automatic image analysis so that it may be compared with the CAD data. The CAD data are then suitably corrected so that, with the aid of the corrected CAD data, the circuit board may be tested in a finger tester, with test fingers of the finger tester being controlled on the basis of the deviations found.

Abstract: The invention relates to a confocal microscope which illuminates a sample (15) by means of at least one light source. A detection light beam (17) is emitted from the sample (15). The detection light beam (17) is spectrally split up in a spatial manner by the dispersive element (20) and subsequently formed on a photosensor chip (19) by means of a detection optical system (22). At least one expanding optical system (23) is arranged in front of the dispersive element (20) in the direction of the detection light beam (17). The expanding optical system (23) is embodied in such a manner that the numerical aperture of the detection optical system (22) is independent from the numerical aperture of the detection light beam (17) on the detection apertured diaphragm (18).

Abstract: An imaging system is presented for use in multi-range imaging of an object scene by incoherent light. The imaging system comprises aligned a phase mask section, a single focus lens section, and a pixel detector array (PDA). The phase mask section has a generally non-diffractive, narrowly bounded, phase variation corresponding to a profile of a through-object Modulated Transfer Function (MTF) of the imaging system, where the profile has, at an at least one non-zero spatial frequency, at least two regions of growth leading to the MTF higher than 10%.

Abstract: An x-ray imaging system uses a synchrotron radiation beam to acquire x-ray images and at least one integrated x-ray source. The system has an imaging system including sample stage controlled by linear translation stages, objective x-ray lens, and x-ray sensitive detector system, placed on a fixed optical table and a mechanical translation stage system to switch x-ray sources when synchrotron radiation beam is not available.

Abstract: Application: in Electric Equipment, Specifically Production of Secondary Solid-State current sources (storage batteries). Nature of the invention: A method for production of a secondary solid-state current source through coating of both sides of solid electrolyte with anodic and cathodic materials with subsequent firing/baking and thermoelectric influence during transmission of electric current and polarization on electrodes below the voltage of electrolyte decomposition, at that both sides of electrolyte are coated with anodic and cathodic electrodes in a form of materials whose composition corresponds to composition of anodic and cathodic materials of completely discharged current source and thermoelectric influence is conduced with alternating current.

Abstract: The process acquires data blocks in real-time with a fast scanner. The acquired data blocks are then transmitted to a computer system (23). The data blocks are then processed as a function of a frame burst ratio (N). The transmission of the acquired data blocks to the computer system is a function of the frame burst ratio (N). The frame burst ratio (N) may be either fixed or variable. In any case, optimal utilization of the computer system's (23) performance is important. The frame burst ratio (N) is selected by the user or by the computer system (23) itself as a function of the processing characteristics of the computer system (23).

Abstract: A scintillated CCD detector system for imaging x rays uses x-rays having a photon energy in the range of 1 to 20 keV. The detector differs from existing systems in that it provides extremely high resolution of better than a micrometer, and high detection quantum efficiency of up to 95%. The design of this detector also allows it to function as an energy filter to remove high-energy x-rays. This detector is useful in a wide range of applications including x-ray imaging, spectroscopy, and diffraction. The scintillator optical system has scintillator material with a lens system for collecting the light that is generated in the scintillator material. A substrate is used for spacing the scintillator material from the lens system.

Abstract: The principle of reciprocity states that full-field and scanning microscopes can produce equivalent images by interchanging the roles of condenser and detector. Thus, the contrast transfer function inversion previously used for images from scanning systems can be applied to Zernike phase contrast images. In more detail, a full-field x-ray imaging system for quantitatively reconstructing the phase shift through a specimen comprises a source that generates x-ray radiation, a condenser x-ray lens for projecting the x-ray radiation onto the specimen, an objective x-ray lens for imaging the x-ray radiation transmitted through the specimen, a phase-shifting device to shift the phase of portions of x-ray radiation by a determined amount, and an x-ray detector that detects the x-ray radiation transmitted through the specimen to generate a detected image.