Abstract: For the purpose of separating castings from the sand or similar material forming a string of moulds, each of the castings proper together with a lump of heat damaged mould material totally surrounding the casting is separated from the mould string. After having been subjected to an appropriate degree of cooling, the castings are separated from the lump material which, after sufficient regeneration, may be re-used together with the non-damaged material of the moulds.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing and wrapping labels comprises a table, feeding means which are intermittently operable to move a stack of sheets on said table in two directions that are at right angles to each other to blanking means comprising a blanking for severing a stack of blanks from the stack of sheets, whereafter labels can be punched out of the stack of blanks by means of a punching tool and when taken from a stack can be wrapped by wrapping means. The blanking knife of the blanking means is outwardly spaced from a punching plate and together with the latter is recessed in a portion of the table which succeeds the portion for guiding the stack of sheets. The blanking knife is moved against the stack of sheets from underneath. A blanking die and pressure plate and a guide for the material which has been blanked and punched are arranged one over the other and over the blanking knife. Said guide consists of a punching knife, which cooperates with the punching plate.

Abstract: Tool sharpening apparatus including a base member having a first support carrying a floating head and a second support for receiving the tool to be sharpened and for holding the same in proper position. A sharpening element, such as a file, is mounted for longitudinal reciprocal movement on the floating head for sharpening the tool. The floating head member is biased away from its support member and is movable vertically to move the file into and out of engagement with the leading edge of the tool so that slight pressure on the file on the forward stroke moves the assembly down into engagement with the tool, and release of such pressure when pulling the file back allows the file to be urged away from the tool.

Abstract: A hand press for a vegetable, herb, spice or fruit, such as garlic, comprises two doublearmed levers having arms of unequal length. The shorter arms constitute a pressing member and a sieve member. The longer arms constitute handles. A pinned plate is provided, which is set with pins, which protrude from the plate and are arranged in the same pattern as the holes in the sieve member. The pins are adapted to enter the holes of the sieve member when the pressing operation has been terminated and the pressing member has been removed from the sieve member.

Abstract: A voltage multiplier for an electronic time-measuring apparatus comprising cells, each of which including two capacitors, a pair of complementary field-effect transistors (FET'S) acting as switches, and an inverter comprising a pair of FET'S. The elements of the cells are such that they are capable of being integrated together with the rest of the circuit of the time-measuring apparatus.The voltage to be increased is fed via a first capacitor to the first pair of FETS'S and at the same time to the input of the inverter whose output drives with the correct phase the first pair of FETS'S, which alternatively switches the input signal to a common point of the cell and to an output terminal of the cell, thus charging a second capacitor with the opposite polarity than that of the input signal respective to the common point of the cell.

Abstract: An argillaceous and/or calcareous material, such as a fuel shale, for example an oil shale, which is capable of yielding a cement clinker, is subjected to mechanical disintegration by the particles formed thereby to repeated acceleration and retardation within a period of less than about 0.05 second, thereby homogenizing and activating them, and then sintering the disintegrated material at a temperature between about 900.degree. and about 1300.degree. C for a period between about 3 and about 10 minutes, to form a cement clinker. Other materials such as SiO.sub.2, CaO and R.sub.2 O.sub.3 (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3) may be admixed to improve clinker properties. The sintered clinker may be further subjected to mechanical disintegration in an impact-type disintegration.

Abstract: A handle for hand tools that must be rotated during operation such as screw drivers, wrenches or the like comprises a T-shaped member including a central beam portion and a prependicular cross-bar portion. The central beam portion comprises a sleeve structure having an axially disposed blind bore adapted to receive and to be rigidly fixed to the shank of a tool at the end opposite the tool end, and the cross-beam portion comprises a handle for turning the tool. The beam portion has a shoulder adjacent the cross-bar handle portion and a bead at its lower end with a smooth generally cylindrical or slightly conical bearing surface intermediate thereof, and a sleeve is fitted around the general cylindrical surface for rotatable movement of the bearing surface during operation of the tool so that the tool can be firmly grasped and held securely in correct position by one hand of the operator grasping the sleeve while the operator uses the cross-bar handle with the other hand to rotate the handle and the tool.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing ignition advance in an internal combustion engine in which a voltage generator supplies a voltage V.sub.1 applied to a first terminal of a pulse generator, and a tachometer generator supplies a voltage V.sub.2 applied to a second terminal of the pulse generator. The pulse generator in turn produces a pulse which controls the ignition upon the coincidence of voltage V.sub.1 with V.sub.2. A third signal V.sub.3, dependent on at least one of the parameters of operation of the engine, such as temperature or vacuum, is added to voltage V.sub.1 so that when V.sub.1 plus V.sub.3 coincides with V.sub.2, an ignition pulse is produced that triggers the ignition spark at that instant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a film holder for bite-wing X-ray films with a centering device for the X-ray cone comprising an indicator rod portion extending parallel to a central guide axis of the holder and provided for guiding the X-ray cone and an index projection indicating the horizontal medial axis of the X-ray film and its end indicating the central axis.The film holder is preferably made of plastics material to be used once, providing maximum hygiene, whereas the indicator rod is provided with fracture means, the holder thus being adaptable for all types of X-ray cones.

Abstract: A carpet fitting, such as a cover strip, threshold guard, edging piece, threshold strip or joining strip of which, in use, a surface is exposed to view. Such exposed surface is coated with flock by electrostatic deposition. Further surface areas may be so coated. The flock may be selected to blend with the carpet and the flock coating assists in preventing persons from slipping on the fitting.

Abstract: A device for transmission of information by pulse code frequency shift modulation. The device incorporates a phase-locked superheterodyne receiver including a single voltage controlled oscillator, and a demodulator including a phase comparator and a phase shifter. The intermediate frequency is equal to one half the input signal frequency shift. The comparator compares the phases of the intermediate frequency signal and of a signal of the same frequency derived from the voltage controlled oscillator to provide a message output.

Abstract: A circuit for electronic watches to enable selection between a 12 hour clock display and a 24 hour clock display. The circuit is driven by the hours counter of a watch and includes a control input for selecting the mode of operation and a logic network having outputs for controlling the display of the tens of hours and, for a 12 hour clock system, for controlling an AM or PM display.

Abstract: Improved body exercising devices of the type having a pair of flexible lines, each including a loop in an end thereof for engagement by the hands or feet of one or more individuals. Each line passes over a pulley connected to a support assembly. The support assembly includes a length of flexible line, two intermediate portions of which are connected together to form a closed loop and a pair of depending legs to which the pulleys are attached. The hand and foot engaging loops are formed by self-locking knots and include a reinforcing cover member. The loose end of the knot may be either woven into the line itself or tucked into the end of the reinforcing member so as to avoid injury or discomfort to the user. The pulleys may also have camming shoulders such that a pair of pulleys attached to each other at their eyelets results in their assuming and maintaining a 15.degree. to 30.degree.

Abstract: A ski having a top covering which consists of successive complementary plastic material sheeting sections, which are colored throughout in different colors.

Abstract: A multifunctional wrist watch combining the functions of time-indication with other functions, for example a calculator. The watch has a glass in which pick-ups are provided for detecting the passage of a finger of a user over the surface of the glass and recognition circuits for converting the trace detected into a logic signal for processing by a calculator circuit provided in the watch case. The output of the calculator is then displayed by the electro-optical display on the watch. The detection and recognition facility may also be utilized for correction of the date and time settings of the watch.

Abstract: This invention refers to a high efficiency escapement wherein the pallets embrace more than one fifth of the teeth of the pallets wheel, and wherein the entry-pallet embraces relative to the line joining the center of the escape wheel to the pallet staff at least one tooth more of said wheel than the exit-pallet relative to said joining line.

Abstract: A disc brake comprises a fluid pressure-operated actuator for urging two pressure plates carrying friction pads to opposite faces of a disc. In the actuator a piston movable in a housing is detachably engaged with a draw-bar which acts on one of the pressure plates, the housing acting directly on the second pressure plate. A seal between the housing and the draw-bar contacts an enlarged portion of the draw-bar. Apparatus is provided to prevent the draw-bar from rotating.

Abstract: An electronic watch having an alpha-numeric display for displaying the time in seconds, minutes and hours and the date and day of the week. The date and day of the week is displayed in an abbreviated form and the language used for the display can be optionally selected without modification of the circuit by appropriate connection of a control terminal.

Abstract: A casting mould consisting of closely collected uniform mould parts is advanced stepwise on a conveyor path by a main piston, exerting an endwise pressure on the endmost mould part, and by an auxiliary mould advancing device incorporating a hydraulic cylinder, the piston of which is greater than said main piston. Hydraulic fluid displaced by the main piston is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder together with additional hydraulic fluid admitted through a differential pressure valve responding on the pressure difference between the two sides of the main piston.

Abstract: In a casting apparatus using a mould which comprises a horizontal series of identical mould parts and presents at least one casting cavity at each joint between successive mould parts, the mould is advanced stepwise through a pouring station with a length of step that equals a multiple of the thickness or axial length of each mould part.