Abstract: A method, an apparatus and a carrier medium for securely distributing multimedia while still retaining compatibility with existing CA systems. The method includes forming a packet including a plurality of encrypted multimedia stream segments. The packet further includes, for each segment of the plurality, a field providing conditional access information associated with the segment. The method further includes sending the packet to an intermediary. The method is such that the intermediary receiving the packet can send a first segment of the plurality and any associated conditional access information to a first receiver, and send a second segment of the plurality and any associated conditional access information to a second receiver. The method is also such that no decryption of any segment of the plurality is required by the intermediary to send the first segment or to send the second segment.

Abstract: An access point of a wireless network broadcasts directory information including a schedule on a first broadcast channel about media programs being broadcast on other channels by the access point. The broadcast on the first channel provides for sleep-mode clients to receive the broadcast. A client receives the schedule, and in order to receive a particular media program at a scheduled time switches to a particular one of the other channels and to wakeup state to receive a particular program.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include a method and software for pre-allocating bandwidth for time-sensitive data such as voice data, for allocating some of the pre-allocated bandwidth to calls, and for timely delivery of frames that include time-sensitive data such as voice data in both the uplink and downlink direction for calls between an access point, e.g., a quality-assured access point (Q-AP) and one or more of its client stations.

Abstract: A method of adding high frequency content to an input signal to form an augmented signal, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing an initial signal having a first predetermined lower spectral range; (b) utilizing the initial signal to form synthesized high frequency components of the initial signal; (c) filtering the initial signal with a low pass filter and filtering the synthesized high frequency components with a high pass filter (d) combining the filtered signals to form the augmented signal.

Abstract: Coding quantized transform coefficients as occur in image compression combines a position identifying method to identify the relative position of clusters of consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients, an amplitude event identifying method to identify amplitude events in the clusters of non-zero-valued coefficients, and a coding method to code the position events, amplitude events, and signs of the amplitudes in the clusters. The method is particularly applicable to a series of quantized transform coefficients where clusters are likely to occur.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a carrier medium carrying computer readable code segments to instruct a processor to execute the method. The method is in a wireless network that includes at least one access point. The method includes, from time-to-time, measuring a first set of at least one property of each access point of a set of at least one classified access point of the wireless network. The method further includes re-classifying each access point based on at least one function of a second set of at least one property of the access point, the second set of properties including the first set of properties. The set of at least one access point is classified according to a set of AP classifications, and the re-classifying is into one of the AP classifications.

Abstract: A method and a carrier medium instructing a processor to execute a method. The method includes accepting a compressed video stream compressed by a compression method that uses macroblocks of possibly different macroblock types for each frame predictive encoding frames. The method further includes identifying a sequence of frames that are substantially visually indistinguishable and that include a predictively encoded frame and the at least one reference frame of the predictively encoded frame. The method further includes creating an ordered set of macroblocks, with the macroblock types of different macroblocks in the ordered set used to encode digital watermark information. The method further includes replacing the predictively encoded frame of the identified sequence with a newly-encoded predictively encoded replacement frame that contains the created ordered set of macroblocks, including the encoded watermarking information.

Abstract: An apparatus, a carrier medium storing instructions to implement a method, and a method for controlling the gain of a radio receiver for receiving packets of information in a wireless network. The receiver is connected to an antenna subsystem and has receive signal path including a plurality of sections including a first section coupled to the antenna subsystem and a next section. Each section has an adjustable gain and is able to provide a measure of the signal strength at its output. The method includes waiting for a start of packet indication, providing a measure of the signal strength at the output of the first section and the next section, and adjusting the gains of the first and the next sections using the provided measured signal strengths. In one embodiment, the receive signal path includes a filter, the provided measure for the first section is before the filter, and the provided measure for the second section is after the filter.

Abstract: A method, and apparatus, and a software product for implementing a method for interacting with a computer-based management system including authoring and communicating composite data messages, each composite data message comprising both free-text and structured data, such that the structured data represents the intended meaning of the free-text in a form understandable by the computer-based management system. In one version, authoring includes converting free-text to structured data. One version includes communicating the composite message.

Abstract: Synchronizing audio and video streams in packet-based networks requires synchronization of packet timestamps. The present invention provides such synchronization without resort to a network time standard. In one embodiment of the present invention, pairs of timestamp synchronized signals, such as audio and video signals, not having a common timestamp clock are mixed. One of the signals, for example, the audio signals, is mixed first while preserving the original audio timestamps. The preserved timestamp information is then used to synchronize the timestamps of the unmixed signals, in this example the video signals, to provide synchronization of all signals. In another embodiment, the present invention uses packets containing calibration of timestamps to reduce jitter. The present invention also includes specifications for a packet for transmitting timestamp information.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method and a computer program product for correcting image data for the presence of a ghost image. The image data is for acceptance by a device that includes a partially-silvered finite-thickness reflector or similar element to provide a reflection of an image for display. The ghost image is a shifted, attenuated version of the image data. The method includes subtracting a first correction term from the image data, the first correction term being a shifted and attenuated version of the image data, the shift being the same as that between the image data and the ghost image, and the attenuation matching the attenuation of the ghost image caused by the device. The processed image data is input to the device. For a small enough attenuation of the ghost image, substantially no ghost image of the image data is displayed by the device.

Abstract: A method of implementing a spanning tree protocol for a wireless network conforming to a wireless network standard, the spanning tree protocol substantially conforming to the IEEE 802.1 standard, including a first wireless bridging node wirelessly transmitting BPDU information to other wireless bridging nodes of the network or wirelessly receiving BPDU information from other wireless bridging nodes, the BPDU information encapsulated in one or more control/management frames, e.g., beacon or probe response frames of the wireless network standard, the BPDU information relating to a spanning tree topology containing the first and other wireless bridging nodes.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method, and a software product to control a plurality of surveillance video camera/encoder combinations. The method includes receiving a plurality of encoded video streams from a respective surveillance camera/encoder combination, and accepting a measure of the level of activity for each encoded video stream. Each measure is obtained from the output of the camera of the corresponding camera/encoder combination. The method further includes assigning output bit rates for each encoded stream according to the accepted level of activity such that a maximum overall bit rate is not exceeded. One version is for controlling camera/encoder combinations that accept remote bit rate control, and a second is for controlling camera/encoder combinations that send at a pre-set bit rate. One version includes a network connection between the camera/encoder combinations, and the method or apparatus for central control.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and code in a carrier medium to operate in a first access point of a wireless network in communication with at least one associated client station. The method includes wirelessly broadcasting a management frame including an indication that the first access point will stop being active, such that each associated client station can wirelessly roam to a second access point prior to the first access point ceasing being active. One embodiment further includes reducing the transmit power of wireless communication used to wirelessly transmit information to the associated client stations, such that each associated client station can eventually wirelessly roam to the second access point.

Abstract: A wireless local area network system comprises a 5.0+ GHz radio transceiver with two receiving antennas and one transmitting antenna. A transmitter power amplifier output is connected to the transmitting antenna through a 6-8 pole filter to control spurious signal output. Each receiving antenna is fitted with its own low-noise amplifier followed by a simple bandpass filter. Each bandpass filter feeds a diversity switch with a single output to a single receiver. The radio system constitutes a physical-layer (PHY) part of a wireless local-area network.

Abstract: A method to process audio signals, an apparatus accepting audio signals, a carrier medium that carried instructions for a processor to implement the method to process audio signals, and a carrier medium carrying filter data to implement a filter of audio signals. The method includes filtering a pair of audio input signals by a process that produces a pair of output signals corresponding to the results of: filtering each of the input signals with a HRTF filter pair, and adding the HRTF filtered signals. The HRTF filter pair is such that a listener listening to the pair of output signals through headphones experiences sounds from a pair of desired virtual speaker locations.

Abstract: A method to process audio signals, an apparatus accepting audio signals, a carrier medium that carried instructions for a processor to implement the method to process audio signals, and a carrier medium carrying filter data to implement a filter of audio signals. The method includes filtering a pair of audio input signals by a process that produces a pair of output signals corresponding to the results of: filtering each of the input signals with a HRTF filter pair, and adding the HRTF filtered signals. The HRTF filter pair is such that a listener listening to the pair of output signals through headphones experiences sounds from a pair of desired virtual speaker locations.

Abstract: A method of controlling a multimedia multipoint conference that includes two or more participating multimedia terminals that each includes one or more codecs. Also a controller to control the multimedia multipoint conference. The method includes receiving from each participant information on its codec capabilities, determining codec output characteristics for each participant, including one or both of a codec type and a bit rate, and sending instructions to the participants to set their respective codec to the respective determined codec output characteristics. After each participant's one or more codecs are set to the respective codec output characteristics, the method includes receiving a media stream from one or more of the participants. The media stream from any particular participant is encoded at the determined codec output characteristics for the particular participant. The method further includes passing the received media streams to each participant.

Abstract: Coding quantized transform coefficients as occur in image compression combines a position coding method to code the position of clusters of consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients with an amplitude coding method to code the amplitudes of a concatenation of a plurality of the clusters. The amplitude coding method exploits that runs of amplitude 1 coefficients are more likely in the clusters than runs of other coefficient amplitudes.