Abstract: Tetrabromobisphenol-A is made in high purity by adding a methanol-bromine solution to a methanol-bisphenol-A solution with vigorous agitation. Use of the bromine-methanol solution reduces the amount of by-products compared to the use of liquid bromine feed to a methanol-bisphenol-A solution. The process is readily adapted to large scale equipment by circulating the reaction mixture from the reaction vessel through an external closed loop which includes an impingement mixer. The bromine-methanol feed is pumped at the proper rate and ratio into the impingement mixture whereby it impinges with the circulating reaction mixture. The resultant bromination mixture is then returned to the reaction vessel.

Abstract: Hydroxylated primary amines corresponding to the formula:R--X--CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 (I)in which R is a saturated or unsaturated straight chain C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 aliphatic radical and X represents --O--, --S--, --NH-- or --CH.sub.2 -- are prepared by reacting an epoxide of the formula: ##STR1## in which R and X are as defined previously and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together represent an epoxy radical with ammonium carbamate to form the corresponding substituted ammonium carbamate of the formula: ##STR2## in which R and X are as defined previously and thereafter heating the substituted ammonium carbamate thus formed at a temperature and for a length of time sufficient to form the corresponding hydroxylated primary amine of formula (I).The hydroxylated primary amines of formula (I) and the salts of these compounds, particularly the hydrohalide, acetate and quaternary alkyl ammonium salts thereof are useful as medicaments, anticeptics, sterilizing agents and preservatives.

Abstract: A high viscosity index olefin oligomer is made by feeding an olefin monomer near the top of a distillation column, maintaining the overhead temperature near the boiling point of the olefin monomer at system pressure and maintaining the bottom of the column and the reboiler at a temperature just above the boiling point of the highest boiling oligomer that is to be excluded from the product. An oligomerization catalyst (e.g. AlCl.sub.3) is introduced into the column. The catalyst has a boiling point or sublimation temperature which is too low to permit passage out the bottom of the column and too high to cause it to escape out the top of the column.

Abstract: C.sub.8-14 .alpha.-olefins are oligomerized to a oligomer mixture containing a high content of tetramer by feeding the .alpha.-olefin to a reaction vessel at a controlled rate over an extended period and in the presence of BF.sub.3 and a promoter such as an alcohol.

Abstract: Cyclic chlorophosphites of ortho-bridged phenols are made by reaction of an ortho-bridged bisphenol with PCl.sub.3 in an inert solvent using a catalytic amount of a polymeric compound having a pyridine skeletal structure and a cross-linked structure to promote the reaction.

Abstract: Compounds corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## in which R is a saturated or unsaturated straight chain C.sub.5 -C.sub.18 aliphatic radical and X represents --O--, --S--, --NH-- or --CH.sub.2 -- are provided by reacting compounds corresponding to the formula: ##STR2## in which R and X are as defined above and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together represent an epoxy radical with ammonium carbamate.These compounds may be used as intermediates in the preparation of the hydrohalide salts, particularly the hydrochloride and hydrobromide salts, and acetates of hydroxylated primary amines corresponding to the formula:R--X--CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2 (III)in which R and X are as defined above which are useful as medicaments, antiseptics, sterilizing agents and preservatives.

Abstract: Mixtures of 4,4'-dithiobis and 4,4'-trithiobis(2,6-dialkylphenols) are made by reacting a 2,6-dialkylphenol with S.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 in a solvent comprising a nitroalkane, e.g. nitromethane, and optionally containing an acetonitrile co-solvent at a temperature of -10.degree. to 30.degree. C.

Abstract: Phenols, e.g. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, are coupled to form biphenols, e.g. 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), by reaction with aqueous hydrogen peroxide under basic conditions in the presence of a phase transfer agent.

Abstract: Malodorous aliphatic amines are de-odorized by injecting nitrogen gas into the liquid phase while maintaining the liquid temperature at about 30.degree.-100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for making meta-alkylphenols by reacting ortho-halo alkylbenzenes, e.g., ortho-chloro tert-butylbenzene, with an alkali metal base, e.g., potassium tert-butoxide.

Abstract: A process for making a 2,6-di-hydrocarbyl-4-alkoxyalkylphenol, e.g. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, by reacting a 2,6-dihydrocarbylphenol with formaldehyde in a stoichiometric excess of alcohol and in the presence of a Mannich base catalyst preferably formed in situ by adding a catalyst-forming amount of a secondary amine, e.g. dimethylamine, to the mixture of 2,6-di-hydrocarbylphenol, formaldehyde and alcohol. Unreacted alcohol and amine are distilled out and the 2,6-di-hydrocarbyl-4-alkoxyalkylphenol is reacted with a benzene-type compound, e.g. mesitylene, to make a hindered phenolic antioxidant, e.g. 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tri-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene.

Abstract: A process for making a dry metal halide salt which will not form an insoluble flocculent material upon dissolving in water in which an initial aqueous solution of a metal halide salt is prepared and a member selected from the group consisting of ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, borate anion producing compounds and mixtures thereof is added. Water is then evaporated from the initial aqueous solution and a dry metal halide salt is obtained. Upon dissolving this dry metal halide salt in water a clear, colorless solution results which does not contain an insoluble flocculent material. Alternatively, the member compound may be added to the dry metal halide salt, before it is dissolved in water or the member compound may be added to the water which is used to dissolve the dry metal halide salt.

Abstract: Alkyl mercaptans, especially sec-alkyl mercaptans, are oxidized to paraffin sulfonates by reaction with oxygen in a tert-alkanol solvent in the presence of a stoichiometric deficiency of base such as alkali hydroxide or alkoxide or tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide. Yield of paraffin sulfonate salt is almost quantitative. By-product dialkyl disulfide can be recycled.

Abstract: Hydrocarbyl mercaptans are oxidized to sulfonic acids by reaction with aqueous hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an inorganic base (e.g. sodium hydroxide) and a tert-amine oxide. The product is in the form of a sulfonate salt. The reaction rate is increased and undesirable free-oil by-product is decreased by the inclusion of the amine oxide catalyst.

Abstract: A solid non-hygroscopic flakeable di-C.sub.14-30 alkyl C.sub.1-2 alkylamine oxide is made by reacting di-C.sub.14-30 alkyl C.sub.1-2 alkylamine with aqueous hydrogen peroxide containing at least 40 weight percent H.sub.2 O.sub.2 in the absence of a solvent.

Abstract: An aromatic tetraphosphite suitable for use as an antioxidant for organic materials. The aromatic tetraphosphite has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and straight chain, branched and cyclic alkyl groups having from 1 to about 18 carbon atoms with the provision that at least two of the R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 groups are alkyl groups.

Abstract: High molecular weight non cross-linked polyfluoroalkoxyphosphazenes containing some unsaturated groups can be cured (i.e. cross-linked) by contact with a catalyst consisting essentially of platinum, a platinum halide or a haloplatinic acid or their hydrates (e.g. chloroplatinic acid hydrate).

Abstract: A manganese exchanged Zeolite A laundry bleach activator is made in a single reaction vessel by mixing dry Zeolite A with an inorganic acid in an amount to lower the pH to 8.0-10.5, adding and mixing in an aqueous manganese (II) salt, adding and mixing in a chelating agent such as sodium tripolyphosphate, adding and mixing in a binding agent such as carboxymethylcellulose, mixing and adding water to cause the Mn-exchanged Zeolite A, chelating agent and binder to agglomerate to form small granules and drying the resulting small granules for use as a bleach activator in laundry detergent compositions.

Abstract: A continuous process for the extraction of bromine from a bromine-rich brine in high efficiency while dramatically reducing the steam requirement for the distillation by operating a contact tower under vacuum. The contact tower is designed to operate near the boiling point of the feed brine so that only stripping steam is needed to remove elemental bromine from the brine.

Abstract: Organophosphazene polymers having acyloxysilyl or alkoxysilyl substituents are curable at room temperature when exposed to atmosphere containing moisture.