Abstract: A live, attenuated varicella zoster virus vaccine is produced with enhanced yield of VZV. The new process makes mass production of a live VZV vaccine more practical. In addition, optimized monoloyer cell culture conditions provide a process for maximizing monolayer cell density which is useful for enhancing viral vaccine production. According to this process, cell densities approaching 500,000 cells/cm.sup.2 are routinely achieved in conventional culture vessels.

Abstract: A process is disclosed that quantitatively bioconverts indene to (1S,2R)-indene oxide and (1S,2R)-indandiol, by the action of fungal haloperoxidase followed by various chemical step(s), e.g., adjusting the pH.

Abstract: A novel prostaglandin receptor has been identified and DNA encoding the receptor has been isolated, purified, sequenced and expressed in host cells. This DNA encoding the novel prostaglandin receptor and host cells expressing the receptor are used to identify modulators of the prostaglandin receptor.

Abstract: A novel coconjugate comprising an immunogenic protein or protein complex having a first set of covalent linkages to low molecular weight moieties, --a.sup.--, which have an anionic or polyanionic character at physiological pH, and a second set of covalent linkages to peptides comprising Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Principal Neutralizing Determinants (PNDs), or peptides immunologically equivalent therewith, is useful for inducing anti-peptide immune responses in mammals, for inducing HIV-neutralizing antibodies in mammals, for formulating vaccines to prevent HIV infection or disease, including the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), or for treating humans afflicted with HIV infection or disease.

Abstract: DNAs encoding voltage-activated cation channels have been cloned and characterized. The cDNA's have been expressed in recombinant host cells which produce active recombinant protein. The recombinant protein is also purified from the recombinant host cells.

Abstract: The combination of the HIV protease inhibitor L-735,524 and one of ketoconazole or cimetidine is useful in the inhibition of HIV protease, the prevention or treatment of infection by HIV and the treatment of AIDS, either as compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical composition ingredients, whether or not in combination with other antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines. Methods of treating AIDS and methods of preventing or treating infection by HIV are also described.

Abstract: 17.beta.-N-monosubstituted-carbamoyl-4-5.alpha.-androst-1-en-3-ones of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, methyl and ethyl and R.sup.2 is a branched chain alkyl of from 3-12 carbons, and R', R", R"' are hydrogen or methyl are active as testosterone 5.alpha.-reductase inhibitors and thus are useful topically for treatment of androgenic alopecia.

Abstract: Unique species-specific Eimeria tenella DNA probes comprising divergent DNA sequences are disclosed. The probes are complementary to a small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of Eimeria tenella.

Abstract: Important intermediates for preparing cephalosporin antibiotics, 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) and 7-aminodeacetylcephalosporanic acid (7-ADAC), are prepared by a novel bioprocess in which a transformed Penicillium chrysogenum strain is cultured in the presence of an adipate feedstock to produce adipoyl-6-APA (6-amino penicillanic acid); followed by the in situ expression of the following genes with which the P. chrysogenum has been transformed:1) an expandase gene, e.g., from Cephalosporium acremonium, whose expression product converts the adipoyl-6-APA by ring expansion to adipoyl-7-ADCA;2) an hydroxylase gene whose expression product converts the 3-methyl side chain of adipoyl-7-ADCA to 3-hydroxymethyl, to give the first product, 7-aminodeacetylcephalosporanic acid (7-ADAC); and3) an acetyltransferase gene whose expression product converts the 3-hydroxymethyl side chain to the 3-acetyloxymethyl side chain of 7-ACA.

Abstract: A complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding full length form of ICE.sub.rel -III is identified, sequenced and isolated. The cDNA is cloned into expression vectors for expression in recombinant hosts. The cDNA is useful to produce recombinant full length ICE.sub.rel -III. The cDNA and the recombinant ICE.sub.rel -III protein derived therefrom are useful in diagnostic kits, laboratory reagents and assays. The cDNA and the recombinant ICE.sub.rel -III protein may be used to identify compounds that affect ICE.sub.rel -III function, inflammation and cell apoptosis. ICE.sub.rel -III function, inflammation and cell apoptosis may also be modulated by ICE.sub.rel -III antisense or gene therapy.

Abstract: DNAs encoding voltage-activated cation channels have been cloned and characterized. The cDNA's have been expressed in recombinant host cells which produce active recombinant protein. The recombinant protein is also purified from the recombinant host cells. In addition, the recombinant host cells are utilized to establish a method for identifying modulators of the channel activity, and channel modulators are identified. Channel modulators are useful as insecticides and arachnicidic agents.

Abstract: A biotransformation process for the production of an intermediate used in the chemical synthesis of an antibiotic compound.

Abstract: Glioma-derived growth factor is purified from the culture media used to maintain mammalian glioma cells. The protein stimulates mitogenesis of mammalian vascular endothelial cells and is useful for the promotion of vascular development and repair. This unique growth factor is also useful in the promotion of tissue repair.

Abstract: DNAs encoding glutamate and avermectin-sensitive chloride channels have been cloned and characterized. The individual alpha and beta subunits are capable of forming homomeric and heteromeric channels selectively opened with either avermectin or glutamate. The cDNA's have been expressed in recombinant host cells which produce active recombinant protein. The recombinant protein is also purified from the recombinant host cells. In addition, the recombinant host cells are utilized to establish a method for identifying modulators of the receptor activity, and receptor modulators are identified. Receptor modulators are useful as insecticides and anthelminthic agents.

Abstract: Compounds of formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen or optionally-substituted C.sub.1-4 alkyl or aryl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are joined together to form a monocyclic or bicyclic ring system, are HIV protease inhibitors. These compounds are useful in the prevention or treatment of infection by HIV and in the treatment of AIDS, either as compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical composition ingredients, whether or not in combination with other antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines. Methods of treating AIDS and methods of preventing or treating infection by HIV are also described.

Abstract: New methods for purifying Hepatitis A virus (HAV) are to commercial scale-up and manufacture of specific HAV vaccines, including formalin-inactivated HAV and attenuated HAV.

Abstract: Certain benzoxazinones are useful in the inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase (including its resistant varieties), the prevention or treatment of infection by HIV and the treatment of AIDS, either as compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical composition ingredients, whether or not in combination with other antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines. Methods of treating AIDS and methods of preventing or treating infection by HIV are also described.

Abstract: A novel prostaglandin receptor has been identified and DNA encoding the receptor has been isolated, purified, sequenced and expressed in host cells. This DNA encoding the novel prostaglandin receptor and host cells expressing the receptor are used to identify modulators of the prostaglandin receptor.

Abstract: Hepatitis A virus is attenuated in virulence by in vitro passage in susceptible cell cultures, without prior passage in a subhuman primate. This process results in a live, attenuated hepatitis A virus vaccine suitable for human disease prevention.

Abstract: HIV protease inhibitors containing hydroxypyrrolidine or hydroxypiperidine with one or more basic amines are disclosed.