Abstract: An improved means for connecting anode posts to diaphragm cell bases is described which utilizes an interior layer having a liquid-tight sealing means for each anode post. In addition, each anode post is secured to a separate opening in the cell base with solder to provide a good conductivity connection.In a preferred embodiment of the sealing means a non-metallic tube is secured at its lower end to the interior layer and at its upper end to the anode post by an adjustable clamp to obtain a liquid-tight seal.

Abstract: An adjustable electrode for use in electrolytic cells is provided. The electrode comprises two rectangular electrode surfaces positioned in parallel and having a space between them. Two electrode posts are located in this space and have resilient conductive means to attach one electrode post to one electrode surface. Contractible means are attached along two non-adjacent edges of the electrode surfaces positioned outside of the space between the electrode surfaces. Clamping means are attached to the contractible means to vary the space between the electrode surfaces.The adjustable electrode, employed for example in the electrolysis of alkali metal chlorides, has adjusting means which are readily accessible and where the inter-electrode spacing can be conveniently changed.

Abstract: An adjustable electrode for use in electrolytic cells is provided. The electrode comprises two electrode surfaces positioned in parallel and having a space between them. Two electrode posts are located in this space, one electrode post being rigidly attached to one electrode surface. Removable clamping means are attached to the upper portion of the electrode surfaces. The clamping means are positioned outside of the space between the electrode surfaces.The adjustable electrode, employed for example in the electrolysis of alkali metal chlorides, has adjusting means which are readily accessible and where the inter-electrode spacing of the upper portion of the electrode surfaces can be conveniently changed.

Abstract: Alkali metal salts of dichloroisocyanuric acid are produced by the reaction of a monoalkali metal cyanurate with hypochlorous acid while maintaining the pH of the reaction mixture in the range of from about 6.0 to about 7.5 and recovering the solid alkali metal dichloroisocyanurates produced thereby.The products are useful as bleaching or sanitizing agents.

Abstract: A diaphragm cell is provided having a continuous net between the anodes and the diaphragm. The continuous net permits the minimum anode-cathode spacing to be employed while maintaining uniform anode-cathode spacing throughout the cell. In addition, the diaphragm is retained and prevented from adhering to the surface of the anodes.Employing the diaphragm cell of the present invention in the electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal halide brines results in lower electrical energy requirements and reduced operating costs.

Abstract: A method of bonding film-forming metals and their alloys has been developed. The method comprises applying a first coating of a metal, compound, or alloy of the platinum metal group to the film-forming metal. A second coating of copper is then applied to the first coating. A second metal, such as steel, can then be readily soldered to the copper coating to form a strong, durable bond.This bonding method can be used, for example, to solder a titanium screen or mesh to an electroconductive metal in the assembly of electrolytic cells for the production of chlorine or oxychlorine compounds.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams are prepared from compositions containing, as gel catalysts, a select group of stannous catechol derivatives.

Abstract: An electrode is provided for use in electrolytic cells employing metal electrodes. The electrode comprises two electrode surfaces positioned in parallel and having a space between them: and at least two conductive supports one conductive support separately attached to each electrode surface and positioned in the space between the electrode surfaces. The conductive supports are also attached to and are substantially perpendicular to an electrode plate.The electrode assembly is employed in electrolytic cells for producing chlorine and caustic soda or oxychlorine compounds by the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride solutions.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams are prepared from compositions containing, as flame retardant additives, a select group of polyhaloalkyl phosphate esters.

Abstract: Trichloroisocyanuric acid is produced by the reaction of a symmetrical triazine compound selected from the group consisting of ammelide, chlorosubstituted ammelide, an alkali metal salt of ammelide, ammeline, chlorosubstituted ammeline, an alkali metal salt of ammeline with hypochlorous acid. The number of moles of hypochlorous acid reacted per mole of the symmetrical triazine compound is at least X + 2Y where X represents the number of hydrogen and alkali metal atoms present in the triazine compound and Y represents the number of nitrogen atoms in the triazine compound which are replaced by oxygen atoms.

Abstract: Granular alkali metal dihaloisocyanurate particles (such as sodium dichloroisocyanurate) comprised of a core of alkali metal dihaloisocyanurate encapsulated in a plurality of layers of hydrated alkali metal dihaloisocyanurate are produced by spraying a pumpable and sprayable aqueous slurry of hydrated alkali metal dihaloisocyanurate particles onto suspended particles of solid alkali metal dihaloisocyanurate in anhydrous or hydrated form above a moving bed of said particles. The solid particles coated with the slurry are heated to simultaneously evaporate and remove water from the slurry whereby said particles are coated with a layer of solid hydrated alkali metal dihaloisocyanurate.A portion of the moving bed of coated particles is removed from the spraying zone and further processed, if desired. In one embodiment, the hydrated particles are sized, and undersize and crushed oversize are recycled to the moving bed.

Abstract: An improved method for automatic adjustment of anodes in an electrolytic cell is described which utilizes the measurement of the rate of change in current density for a given unit of distance when a minor fraction of the anodes are lowered toward the liquid cathode. When the change in rate of current density exceeds a predetermined limit, movement of the minor fraction of anodes is stopped, and another minor fraction of anodes is adjusted.After positioning of the anodes is completed, control of the space between the anode and cathode is effected wherein current measurements and voltage measurements are obtained and compared with predetermined standards. Measurements of deviation from the predetermined standards are used to determine the direction of anode adjustment. A digital computer operably connected to motor drive means adapted to raise or lower anode sets upon appropriate electric signals from the computer is a preferred embodiment of this invention.

Abstract: A multi-component metal electrode and a method for its preparation is described in which a film-forming metal base such as titanium is coated with an oxide of a film-forming metal, and then further coated with a conductive oxide, such as ruthenium oxide. A corrosion resistant oxide such as tantalum oxide, is applied to the ruthenium oxide.The corrosion-resistant metal oxide is formed by applying to the ruthenium oxide a solution of an inorganic compound of the corrosion-resistant metal, and heating the solution-coated electrode to evaporate the solvent and form a corrosion-resistant metal oxide.The resulting multi-component metal electrode of this invention can be used as an electrode in mercury cells and diaphragm cells.

Abstract: Haloisocyanuric acids are prepared in a process in which solid cyanuric acid is reacted with a dihalogen monoxide gas, such as dichlorine monoxide or dibromine monoxide.

Abstract: Selected chlorine-containing methylene bridged diaryl diisocyanates are used in the production of high load-bearing, high strength polyurethane foam.

Abstract: Dihaloisocyanuric acid salts are produced in a process reacting a solid monometal cyanurate selected from the group consisting of a monoalkali metal cyanurate or a monoalkaline earth metal dicyanurate with a gaseous mixture of a dihalogen monoxide and an inert gas. The gaseous mixture is comprised of from about 1 to about 30 percent by volume of the dihalogen monoxide.Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal dihaloisocyanurates and their hydrates are produced in the absence of a solvent as dry, free-flowing products.

Abstract: Alkyl substituted benzene is used as a solvent to extract organic isocyanates from crude reaction mixtures containing organic isocyanates. The crude reaction mixture is admixed with the alkyl substituted benzene solvent and heated to a temperature in the range from 130.degree. C. to about 280.degree. C. for a solvent extraction period ranging from about 0.5 to about 24 hours. The alkyl substituents on the benzene contain between 1 and 15 carbon atoms and sufficient substituents to provide at least two carbon atoms in the substituents.

Abstract: The rapid removal of dissolved oxygen from aqueous solutions is accomplished by the use of a composition comprised of a mixture of an aqueous solution of hydrazine and a catalytic proportion of an aryl amine compound. The compositions of this invention are particularly useful in the removal of dissolved oxygen from aqueous solutions such as boiler water, thereby inhibiting corrosion of the metal surfaces of the boiler.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for adjusting the space between an adjustable anode and a cathode in an electrolytic cell wherein current measurements and voltage measurements are obtained and compared with predetermined standards. Measurement of deviation from the predetermined standards are used to determine the direction of anode adjustment. A digital computer operably connected to motor drive means adapted to raise or lower anode sets upon appropriate electric signals from the computer is a preferred embodiment of this invention.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for securing a fabricated diaphragm to each of a section of electrodes. A diaphragm encloses each electrode and has an open end adjacent to the electrode plate. The apparatus comprises two bars, one positioned along a first side and one positioned along a third side of the electrode section. A plurality of elements are attached to each of the bars. The elements are positioned between adjacent electrodes and secure one edge of each of two adjacent diaphragms. The elements may be interconnected to provide additional sealing of the diaphragm. A rod is positioned along the second and fourth sides of the electrode section to seal the outer edge of the diaphragm enclosing the external electrodes of the section.The apparatus is employed in electrolytic diaphragm cells for producing chlorine and caustic soda by the electrolysis of alkali metal chloride solutions.A method is provided for employing the apparatus to effectively seal the diaphragm to the electrode section.