Abstract: Polymeric compositions are provided which include blends of polymers of vinyl acetate and polymers of propylene carbonate. These polymer blends exhibit excellent mechanical compatibility and are useful in molding structures, such as films, or in compounded formulations, such as emulsions and adhesives. These blends exhibit enhanced toughness superior to either of the constituent polymers alone.

Abstract: The present invention is an improvement to a liquefaction process for natural gas, wherein refrigeration for the liquefaction process is provided by two closed-loop refrigeration cycles. The first or low level refrigeration cycle uses either a mixed refrigerant or a single component refrigerant as the heat pump fluid, and the second or high level refrigerant uses a mixed (multicomponent) refrigerant as the heat pump fluid. In the liquefaction process the second or high level refrigeration cycle cools the low level heat pump fluid. The low level refrigeration cycle cools and liquefies the cooled natural gas feed. The improvement to the process is the use of an absorption refrigeration cycle to precool the natural gas feed, the low level heat pump fluid, the high level heat pump fluid and, if required, the deep flash recycle. Heat to drive the absorption refrigeration cycle is provided by the exhaust gas from one or more drives for the compressors in the process.

Abstract: Extremely hard, fine grained tungsten/carbon alloys are described which are produced by thermochemical deposition. The alloys consist primarily of a mixture of a substantially pure tungsten phase and at least one carbide phase wherein the carbide phase consists of W.sub.2 C or W.sub.3 C or a mixture of W.sub.2 C and W.sub.3 C. The disclosed tungsten/carbon alloys are free of columnar grains and consist essentially of extremely fine, equiaxial crystals. Also disclosed is a method of producing the disclosed material.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an improved process for preparing noncyclic polyalkylene polyamine compounds in high selectivity by reacting an alkanolamine and an alkylene amine in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The improvement resides in effecting the reaction under fixed bed catalytic conditions and maintaining the reaction conditions such that a vapor phase condition exists for the reaction mixture comprising both reactants and products. To accomplish the formation of vapor phase conditions, sufficient alkylenediamine is injected into the feedstream along with alkanolamine, temperature is maintained from 200.degree.-280.degree. C., and pressure ranges from about 0 psig to 150 psig so that the dew point temperature of the reaction product mix is below the reaction temperature at reaction pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for improving reactor volumetric productivity in the production of methanol wherein a synthesis feed gas stream containing hydrogen and carbon oxides is contacted with a catalyst slurry containing greater than about 25 wt % of a powdered copper-containing catalyst having a porosity of from about 30% to 70%. Volumetric productivity is maximized in the process by controlling a single parameter, gas holdup, wherein holdup is maintained within the range of about 14% to 26%.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing mono-ortho-ethyl- aniline in high selectivity and at high conversion using a silica-alumina catalyst. The reaction is carried out using a fixed bed reactor. Diethylaniline derivatives are avoided by maintaining preselected mole ratios of ethylene to aniline, preselected temperatures and preselected reaction times.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of polyurethanes wherein a tertiary amine functionality is incorporated into the side chain of a diaminobenzoate to form catalytic polyurethane chain extender. These chain extenders are polyurethane catalysts which provide adequate cure without residual odor and safety hazards associated with the more traditional tertiary amine catalysts. When reacted with the isocyanate reactive group the non-tertiary amine portion of the chain extender is bound to the polymeric network thereby preventing diffusion of the catalyst species from the polyurethane and negating odor and toxicity as problems. The diaminobenzoate provides enhanced polyurethane physical properties.

Abstract: Ethylidene bis-formamide, a precursor for the monomer N-vinylformamide, is made in high yield by heating together formamide and acetaldehyde in a mol ratio of at least 3:1 and in a reaction mixture which is at least 20 weight percent formic acid. In a preferred procedure the acetaldehyde is added after the formamide has been preheated and formic acid is present. Yields of ethylidene bis-formamide of over 50%, based on the acetaldehyde, are obtained in relatively short reaction times, before loss of substantial amounts of recoverable formamide through hydrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the use of at least partially fluorinated organometallic compounds in reactive deposition applications. More specifically, the present invention addresses the use of the fluoroorganometallic compounds M(CF.sub.3).sub.3, M(CF.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.3, or any M(C.sub.n F.sub.(2n+1)).sub.3-y H.sub.y compound where (y.ltoreq.2), M(CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3).sub.3 or any fluoroalkyl organometallics of the general formula M(C.sub.n H.sub.[(2n+1)-x] F.sub.x).sub.3-y H.sub.y, where y.ltoreq.2; x has a value 1.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.2n+1; and M=As, P, or Sb, in processes requiring deposition of the corresponding element. These uses include a number of different processes; the organometallic vapor phase epitaxy of compound semiconductor materials such as GaAs, InP, AlGaAs, InSb, etc.; doping of SiO.sub.

Abstract: A method for preparing polyurethane product by the reaction of an organic polyisocyanate with a polyester or polyether polyol in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst system consisting essentially of a tertiary amine and 1 to 35 wt %, based on the tertiary amine, of an N-hydroxyalkyl quaternary ammonium carbonylate salt, particularly a quaternary triethylenediamine compound. The preferred quaternary composition is the reaction product of an alkylene oxide in excess of equimolar amount with triethylenediamine in the presence of an acid. The use of such catalyst system advantageously improves the cure time of the urethane reaction, when compared to a system containing solely a tertiary amine, while maintaining the same initiation of the reaction. This advantage can be transferred to a delay in the initiation time while maintaining or shortening the cure time by adjustments in the total amount of the catalyst system used.

Abstract: A method of vapor bath soldering wherein vapor bath compositions include compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein the carbon rings are fully fluorinated and R is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, --CF.sub.3 or --CF(CF.sub.3).sub.2.

Abstract: The invention discloses a coated substrate product comprises of a titanium or titanium alloy substrate, at least one thin interlayer composed of a non-reactive noble metal and a hard outer coating selected from the group comprised of a ceramic, hard metal, a hard metal compound and a diamond-like carbon, wherein at least the non-reactive noble metal interlayer which is immediately adjacent to the titanium or titanium alloy substrate is deposited onto the substrate by means of an electroless plating procedure, and the hard outer coating is deposited onto the non-reactive interlayer(s) by means of known chemical and physical vapor deposition techniques. The invention also discloses a method for making these coated substrate products.

Abstract: Polymeric trisubstituted silylalkynes useful for forming gas separation membranes are prepared at accelerated polymerization rates and with improved yields in the presence of a Group VV or VIB Metal halide catalyst such as TaCl.sub.5, by employing about 0.1 to 5 mole %, based upon total alkyne concentration, of a trialkylgermylalkyne compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the catalytic amination of 1.degree. and 2.degree. alcohols and diols wherein an amine is reacted with an alcohol or diol in the presence of a non-acidic cationic hydroxyapatite catalyst. A typical reaction includes the amination of ethanol with piperidine to form N-ethylpiperidine. The hydroxyapatite catalyst provides high conversion and selectivity toward the N-alkylated product. Product selectivity can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of cation to phosphorus in the hydroxyapatite catalyst.

Abstract: A fuel or coal-water slurry burner with oxygen supply to the primary air through the vanes of a diffuser plate that swirls primary air is described.

Abstract: A process for enhancing heat transfer between combustion products formed in a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) reactor and the water-containing tubes surrounding the reactor wherein particles of an inert material, e.g., mineral calcium sulfate (gypsum), having a spheroidal shape ranging in size from about 50 to 1000 .mu.m and having a Moh's hardness of between 2.0 and 4.0 are introduced into the reactor in the presence of a solid fuel and an oxygen-containing gas. Introduction of such particles into the FBC reactor increases the particle density within the reactor thereby increasing radiant and convective heat transfer between the circulating bed and the surrounding water cooled walls. The improved process allows more precise control of the operating temperature regime. Erosion of the reactor walls is also substantially reduced.

Abstract: The present invention is a class of polyimide membranes wherein the diamine portion of the polymer structure is an alkylated bisaniline. The bridging group of the diamine possesses restricted, rotatable rigid, or low Van Der Waal energy substituents which are orthogonal to the polymer backbone. These polyamide membranes exhibit enhanced gas flux and are useful in various gas separation applications.

Abstract: A stable concentrated aqueous emulsion of perfluorochemical, a phospholipid and a triglyceride of fatty acids has been demonstrated which has enhanced stability, diminished particle size and heightened tolerance by biological systems. The emulsion has utility as an oxygen transport medium, such as artificial blood. The emulsion can optionally include additional emulsifiers of SURFYNOL.RTM.SE surfactant and PLURONIC.RTM. P-105 surfactant. The emulsion is produced using an improved emulsification technique. The invention includes methods of oxygen transport in vascular systems wherein the oxygen carrying capacity of the vascular systems is improved with the emulsions of the present invention. Methods are also described for organ preservation extra-vivo by perfusing, suffusing, flushing and filling organs outside the body with the oxygen carrying emulsions of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention is a liquefaction process for atmospheric gases. In the process, one or more atmospheric gas streams (e.g., air, nitrogen, etc.) are compressed in a compression zone to provide both an intermediate stream and a high pressure stream. The high pressure stream is then cooled and at least a portion of it is expanded to provide refrigeration. The remaining high pressure stream is then further cooled and expanded whereby it is partially liquefied and separated into a vapor stream and a liquid atmospheric gas product stream. The intermediate pressure stream is cooled and at least a portion of it is expanded to provide refrigeration. The remaining intermediate pressure stream is further cooled and combined with the expanded portion of the high pressure stream and expanded to provide refrigeration. The discharge from this expansion, the vapor stream, and the discharge of the expansion of the portion of the intermediate pressure stream are warmed and recycled to the compression zone.

Abstract: A brazing fixture for use in the electronics industry which resists adherence of brazing compounds and insulative materials during the brazing operation and a method for making and using the same. The fixture is characterized in that it is made from a graphite substrate coated with a composite layer of titanium carbide and titanium nitride.