Abstract: An ice detector comprises first and second simultaneously electrically energized resistors one of which is in good thermal contact with the surface where the presence or absence of ice is to be detected and the other of which is thermally insulated from that surface. When ice is present on that surface there will be a different between the temperatures, and hence the resistances, of the two resistors, which difference, when sensed, indicates the existence of ice.

Abstract: An ice detector comprises a housing from which a feeler is adapted to be projected through an aperture--if ice does not cover the aperture the feeler moves freely to its projected position, but if ice does cover the aperture the feeler does not so move. The movement or non-movement of the feeler actuates an appropriate alarm. The feeler may be moved by an expansible chamber so mounted within a housing that expansion of the chamber when heated moves the feeler out of the housing when no ice is present, while when ice is present that expansion actuates the ice detector alarm.

Abstract: A substantially solid transparent body focuses light from an LED wholly immersed therein to a point external to the body. The body is composed of a substantially non-heat-conducting plastic material and has a surface with the curvature of a Cartesian Ovoid substantially in accordance with the formula L.sub.o .times.N.sub.o .times.L.sub.i .times.N.sub.i =C, whereL.sub.o is the distance from a point on the surface to the external point;L.sub.i is the distance from the LED to the point on the surface;N.sub.o is the index of refraction in air; andN.sub.i is the index of refraction of the plastic material.

Abstract: A feedback coder, which employs simple CMOS push/pull amplifiers as gain elements, along with a bistable circuit, in its preferred embodiment takes the form of a second-order delta-sigma modulator. The output of the modulator is converted into pulse code modulated words by a finite impulse response filter which incorporates a partial coefficient generator utilizing simplified logic. The generator output is provided to an accumulator in which the stages operate at reduced speed. A simple multiplexer generates a serial output. The entire converter can be integrated on a semiconductor chip of relatively small area.

Abstract: A wafer with a <100> orientation comprises a strongly doped N layer (substrate), a lightly doped N layer (middle layer) and a lightly doped P layer (top layer). A strongly doped N layer (source layer) is diffused into most of the top layer. An oxide layer is grown. A V groove with a flat bottom is anisotropically etched through openings in the oxide layer. The V groove is etched through the source layer and most of the P layer. The bottom of the groove initially is at a level above the junction between the top layer and the middle layer. Exposure to beam of phosphorous ions forms a shallow implanted channel region proximate the walls of the groove. An unwanted implanted region along the bottom of the groove is also formed. A second anisotropic etch, through the same oxide mask, deepens the groove bottom to a point below the junction, removing the unwanted portion of the implanted region along the groove bottom. The implanted concentration of the channel is later reduced as the gate oxide is formed.

Abstract: For use with a circuit tester having a pointed probe tip, the clip has a "U"-shaped configuration formed of first and second moveably connected wire clamping elements which define a recess. The elements are spreadable to accept the wire and biased toward a closed position to retain the wire securely within aligned channels provided for this purpose. Openings extend through the elements and intersect the channels to permit a pointed probe tip to extend through the clip, pierce the wire insulation and contact the wire. Finger grip portions, extending from the elements, may be provided to facilitate spreading of the elements. The clip may be formed of a single flexible molded plastic part or may be two rigid parts, hingedly connected and spring loaded towards the closed position.

Abstract: First and second annular interengaging parts releasably connect the pouch and adhesive-backed label. A member is provided for mounting one of the parts to the label, at a normal position proximate the surface of the label. The member includes a ring-shaped section, spaced from the part, which is adapted to be affixed to the surface of the label, and an expandable section, preferably including one or more accordion-like folds, interposed between the ring-shaped section and the part, to permit the part to be displaced relative to its normal position. The member will return to its normal position unless a detachable element is inserted beneath the member to retain the part in the displaced position. The other interengaging part may be provided with a flange-like portion situated to cover the expandable section, when the parts interengage, to protect the expandable section from waste material. Auxiliary interengaging parts may be provided to prevent accidental detachment and aid in supporting the pouch.

Abstract: The needle assembly is removably mounted in an attacher for dispensing tag fasteners of the type having a T-bar connected to a thin flexible filament. The base and shank of the needle include a channel along which the T-bar is moved by the push rod of the attacher and a slit through which the filament extends. A recess, preferably in the form of a slot, is provided in the wall of the shank, extending along the channel, at a circumferential position substantially perpendicular to the plane intersecting the shank and passing through the slit. The slot provides clearance for the T-bar to release from the push rod if the previously severed connecting element has become deformed by being wedged between the push rod and the channel wall.

Abstract: By adding a specific blend of coarse and fine particles of a magnesium compound to a relatively low temperature zone of a furnace system noxious and undesirable emissions are greatly reduced and internal boiler conditions are greatly improved.

Abstract: The tensile strength, and particularly the ability to resist changes in cross-sectional configuration, of a rigidifiable-in-situ passageway lining material comprising a fibrous body with a settable resin forming a part thereof, the fibers in that fibrous body having their lengths generally extending transversely to the plane thereof, is enhanced by incorporating thereinto a reinforcing layer formed of fibers with their lengths generally extending in the plane of the lining, and preferably circumferentially when the lining defines a tube. A pair of such reinforcing layers may be provided, each near a different surface of the lining, thereby to simultaneously protect against buckling and ovality.

Abstract: An electrical device designed for leadless surface mounting on a PC board has molding compound which surrounds the electrical component and is so shaped as to have an outer surface which defines a flat, so that when the device is placed on the board it will remain in proper location and not roll away. An appropriately shaped mold is provided to accommodate the shape the molding compound simultaneously for a plurality of devices.

Abstract: In an aspiration sprayer comprising a head permanently attached to the container in which the additive material is received and rotatable between operative positions one of which seals the interior of the container and the other of which unseals said interior and enables aspiration to occur, the container is provided with a plurality of recesses facing the head and the head is provided with a positioning and locking part resiliently urged toward those recesses, location of the part in a recess positioning the head in an operative position, at least that one of the recesses corresponding to the sealing position of the head and the locking part being so cooperatively shaped as to prevent rotation of the head until the part is manually removed from the recess, another of the recesses preferably being cooperatively shaped with respect to the part so that the head can be rotated relative to the container upon the application thereto of an appreciable rotational force without having to manually remove the part from

Abstract: In a fluid filter having a filter medium comprising upper and lower layers defining therebetween a fluid receiving space into which the fluid to be filtered is introduced, a spacer is positioned between those layers in order positively to hold them apart, thereby significantly to increase the filtering capacity of the filter unit.

Abstract: By providing a combination of manganese and magnesium to the combustion area, where the amounts of the two substances are within certain limits, noxious and undesirable emissions are greatly reduced, internal boiler conditions are greatly improved, and lesser amounts of cold end additives need be employed to obtain still greater improvements.

Abstract: A cryptographic system is used for the secure transmission of digitized signals to a plurality of receivers. At the transmission end, a key consisting of two blocks, each including a plurality of key fragments, is generated. For each transmission session, different sets of key fragments may be periodically selected from one of the key blocks and used to encrypt the signals. Data indicative of the set selection is generated. The key is distributed to each receiver. The set selection data is transmitted to all receivers along with the encrypted signals and used to construct the key fragment set for decryption of the transmitted signals. During the transmission session, the other key block may be varied to form a replacement key which is distributed to each receiver. At the end of the session, the functions of the key blocks are interchanged in all receivers at one time by selecting a set in the varied key block for use in encryption and decryption.

Abstract: In a switching mode power supply a snubbing circuit, provided to dissipate the energy of voltage overshoots, is so controlled as to be effective only during the switch-off periods, thereby to dissipate substantially only the voltage overshoot energy.

Abstract: A device for counterbalancing a moving part comprises an elongated torsion member surrounded by a sleeve, the sleeve being connected to the torsion member at one point and the torsion member being fixedly supported at another point spaced from said one point, the moving part and the sleeve respectively carrying cooperating elements of a cam-follower combination, the cam being shaped, taking into account the torsion characteristics of the torsion element, to produce the desired counterbalancing effect.