Abstract: The catalyst comprises a Group VIII noble metal, mordenite having a silica-to-alumina ratio of at least 19:1, and an adsorbent refractory inorganic oxide. The preferred Group VIII noble metal is platinum; the preferred refractory inorganic oxide is a catalytically active alumina. The mordenite has a silica-to-alumina ratio of less than 45:1.The processes in which the catalyst is employed are processes for the reforming of petroleum hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: The process comprises passing the exhaust gas through a reduction zone containing a catalyst comprising a nickel component, a rhodium component, and a monolithic ceramic support and being maintained at a temperature of about 700.degree. to about 1,800.degree. F. The catalyst may also contain a platinum component and/or a palladium component and the monolithic ceramic support may be coated with a wash coat of a ceramic material having a relatively high surface area. The nickel component and the rhodium component are deposited upon the monolithic ceramic support sequentially and in that order.

Abstract: The catalyst comprises a nickel component, a rhodium component, and a monolithic ceramic support. It may also contain a platinum component and/or a palladium component and the monolithic ceramic support may be coated with a wash coat of a ceramic material having a relatively high surface area. The nickel component and the rhodium component are deposited upon the monolithic ceramic support sequentially and in that order.The method of catalyst preparation and a process using such catalyst are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for recovering and upgrading hydrocarbons from tar sands by contacting the tar sands with a dense-water-containing fluid at a temperature in the range of from about 600.degree. F. to about 900.degree. F. in the absence of an externally supplied catalyst and hydrogen, and wherein the density of the water in said fluid is at least 0.10 gram per milliliter.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a hydrocarbon fraction by contacting the hydrocarbon fraction with a dense-water-containing fluid at a temperature in the range of from about 600.degree. F. to about 900.degree. F. in the absence of an externally supplied catalyst and hydrogen and of pretreatment of the hydrocarbon fraction.

Abstract: A process for recovering and upgrading products from solid coal by contacting the coal with a dense-water-containing fluid at a temperature in the range of from about 600.degree. F. to about 900.degree. F. in the absence of externally supplied hydrogen or other reducing gas and in the presence of a sulfur-resistant catalyst.

Abstract: A process for recovering and upgrading products from solid coal by contacting the coal with a dense-water-containing fluid at a temperature in the range of from about 600.degree.F. to about 900.degree.F. in the absence of externally supplied hydrogen or other reducing gas and in the presence of a sulfur- and nitrogen-resistant catalyst. The density of water in the water-containing fluid is at least 0.10 grams per milliliter, and sufficient water is present to serve as an effective solvent for the recovered liquids and gases.

Abstract: A process for recovering and upgrading products from solid coal by contacting the coal with a dense-water-containing fluid at a temperature in the range of from about 600.degree.F. to about 900.degree.F. in the absence of an externally supplied catalyst and hydrogen or other reducing gas.The density of water in the water-containing fluid is at least 0.10 grams per milliliter, and sufficient water is present to serve as an effective solvent for the recovered liquids and gases.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for separating the isomers of xylene from a mixture of C.sub.8 aromatic isomers by the steps of:1. cooling the C.sub.8 aromatic isomers to a temperature of about -65.degree.C to about -90.degree.C to form a slurry of xylene isomer crystals,2. separating the crystals from the crystallization mother-liquor and washing the xylene isomer crystals with an immiscible liquid,3. forming a slurry of the washed xylene crystals with the immiscible liquid,4. warming the slurry to a temperature of about -50.degree.C to about -25.degree.C whereby meta-xylene crystals are melted selectively and the melt is drawn off,5. further warming the slurry to a temperature of about -25.degree.C to about 13.degree.C whereby ortho-xylene crystals are melted selectively and the melt is drawn off, and6. separating the remaining para-xylene from the immiscible liquid.For effective separation of the xylene isomers, the immiscible liquid has a freezing point below about -75.degree.C and a specific gravity at -50.

Abstract: A three-catalyst process for maximizing the conversion of nitrogen oxides during the treatment of combustion exhaust gases is provided. This process comprises in sequence contacting combustion exhaust gas in a first zone with a nitrogen-oxide-reduction catalyst to form a nitrogen-oxide-reduced gas; introducing a first stream of secondary air into said nitrogen-oxide-reduced gas to form a first air-gas mixture; contacting said first air-gas mixture in a second zone with a catalyst for decreasing ammonia to form a gas containing decreased amounts of ammonia; introducing a second stream of secondary air into said gas containing decreased amounts of ammonia to form a second air-gas mixture; and contacting said second air-gas mixture in a third zone with an oxidation catalyst for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to form purified exhaust gas.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbons are hydroprocessed in a pipe reactor and the reactor effluent separated into its vapor, liquid, and catalyst components in a multiple-zone vapor-liquid-catalyst separator. The pipe reactor may have one or more sections and the vapor-liquid-catalyst separator may be employed for intermediate separation.