Abstract: A method of making metal alloy articles having inclusions which are predetermined and controlled with respect to their size, shape, composition, crystal structure and location and orientation within the article is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the method of making is directed toward titanium alloy articles containing synthesized hard-alpha inclusions of titanium/nitrogen, titanium/oxygen and titanium/oxygen/nitrogen alloys.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing continuous CVD diamond films with at least two controlled diamond thermal conductivity layers having improved thermal conductivity in the direction parallel to the diamond film plane to increasing the lateral heat spreading ability of the diamond film. Also, disclosed is a method to decrease the time to deposit high thermal conducting diamond by chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: Titanium alloys containing aluminum, hafnium, tantalum, and silicon are found to have improved tensile strengths as well as ductility and oxidation resistance at temperatures up to and above 750.degree. C. without embrittlement.

Abstract: A composite is produced by forming tapes comprised of a mixture of infiltration-promoting material and organic binding material, disposing a layer of boron nitride coated fibrous material between at least two of the tapes forming a layered structure, laminating the layered structure, heating the layered structure to remove organic binding material and infiltrating the resulting porous body with molten silicon.

Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated hydrocarbons are separated from soil by oil assisted desorption followed by vacuum stripping in presence of a sweep gas.

Abstract: A method for making metal alloy foils directly from metal alloy powder is described. The metal alloy foils are formed by the use of a combination of a means for heating and a means for pressing, such as a hot isostatic press, to densify a metal alloy powder so as to directly form a metal alloy foil. The metal alloy powder is contained within an apparatus which has a near-net shape of a foil, such that the application of heat and pressure will consolidate the metal powder and form the metal alloy foil. This method may be used to make metal foils out of a wide variety of metal alloys, particularly high temperature alloys, such as Ti-base, Ni-base, and B-base and Al-Si alloys. After the step with heating and pressing, the metal alloy foil is removed from the apparatus which is used to contain it, such as by the use of chemical etching or milling.

Abstract: Hexavalent chromium is removed from aqueous sodium nitrate solutions by reacting hexavalent chromium with an aqueous slurry consisting essentially of ferrous hydroxide and barium sulfate whereby the chromium is reduced to trivalent chromium and precipitated as chromic hydroxide. Adulterating compounds and unwanted ions are not introduced to the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: This invention relates to the removal of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds from a mass of particulate material such as soil, sand, or gravel by washing with an aqueous nonionic surfactant solution which is subsequently extracted with a water-immiscible organic solvent in which the nonionic surfactant is not soluble.

Abstract: Dense superalloy foils are prepared by hot isostatically pressing a mixture of low melting alloy powders and high melting alloy powders at a temperature at least equal to or greater than three-quarters of the melting point of the low melting point alloy powder and below the melting point of the high melting point alloy powder, at a pressure of at least 10 thousand pounds per square inch for about one to five hours.

Abstract: Composite structures having a higher density, stronger reinforcing niobium based alloy embedded within a lower density, lower strength niobium based cladding alloy are provided. The cladding is preferably an alloy having a niobium and titanium base according to the expression:Nb.sub.balance --Ti.sub.40-48 --Al.sub.12-22 --Hf.sub.0.5-6.The reinforcement may be in the form of plates, sheets or rods of the higher strength, higher temperature niobium based reinforcing alloy. The same crystal form is present in both the matrix and the reinforcement and is specifically body centered cubic crystal form.

Abstract: A process for removing chromium from an aqueous electrolyte solution is disclosed. The process involves admixing with the solution an amount of a chromium-reducing compound and an amount of a precipitant for the anion of the chromium-reducing compound. The invention provides for substantially complete reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium and the formation of an insoluble chromium-containing material without leaving unwanted ions in the aqueous electrolyte solution. The aqueous electrolyte solution is regenerated by adjustment of pH and electrolyte concentration.

Abstract: Fluoride is recovered from an aqueous ammonium fluoride and ammonium hydroxide solution by electrolyzing the solution in an electrochemical cell having an ion-exchange membrane between a catholyte chamber and an anolyte chamber whereby hydrofluoric acid is formed and the concentration of ammonium hydroxide is enriched. Part of the hydrofluoric acid can be combined with the ammonium fluoride remaining after the ammonium hydroxide had been stripped from the treated solution to produce ammonium acid fluoride.

Abstract: A composite is produced by depositing an organic slurry of ceramic matrix-forming material on a layer of fibrous material forming a tape therewith on drying, forming a layered structure of the tapes, laminating the structure, firing the laminated structure to burn out organic material and hot pressing the resulting porous structure to form a composite.

Abstract: Composite structures having a higher density, stronger reinforcing niobium based alloy embedded within a lower density, lower strength niobium based cladding alloy are provided. The cladding is preferably an alloy having a niobium and titanium base according to the expression:Nb.sub.balance -Ti.sub.35-45 -Hf.sub.10-15.The reinforcement may be in the form of plates, sheets or rods of the higher strength, higher temperature niobium based reinforcing alloy. The same crystal form is present in both the matrix and the reinforcement and is specifically body centered cubic crystal form.

Abstract: This invention is related to the preparation of an elongate conductor having a silver sheath, and a core of an aligned polycrystalline oxide superconductor having the approximate formula Bi.sub.2-x Pb.sub.x Sr.sub.2-a L.sub.a+b Ca.sub.1-b Cu.sub.2 O.sub.y where y is from 7.5 to 8.5, and L is a lanthanide. A powder mixture is formed comprised of a first portion of a superconducting bismuth oxide compound that can be reaction-sintered to form the core oxide superconductor, and a second portion of oxides suitable for reacting with the first portion to form the core oxide superconductor. An elongate body is formed having a silver sheath, and a core of the mixture. The body is deformed to align the first portion, and heated to reaction-sinter the first and second portions to form the core oxide superconductor.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring a pilger mill having a crankshaft driving rolls with a reciprocating motion to reduce a tube over a mandrel. A linear sensor coupled to the mandrel supplies a mandrel position signal. A rotary sensor coupled to the crankshaft supplies a crankshaft angle signal. A processor for combining the mandrel position signal and the crankshaft angle signal provides a mandrel motion signal characteristic of the tube reduction.

Abstract: A nickel based superalloy composition is disclosed that provides increased high temperature stress-rupture strength and improved resistance to fatigue crack propagation at elevated temperatures up to about 760.degree. C. The composition is comprised of, by weight percent, about 10% to 12% chromium, about 17% to 19% cobalt, about 1.5% to 3.5% molybdenum, about 4.5% to 6.5% tungsten, about 3.25% to 4.25% aluminum, about 3.25% to 4.25% titanium, about 2.5% to 3,5% tantalum, about 0.02% to 0.08% zirconium, about 0.005% to 0.03% boron, less than 0.1% carbon, and the balance essentially nickel. Thermomechanical processing including isothermal forging at controlled strain rates and temperature ranges, supersolvus annealing, and slow cooling are disclosed for producing an enlarged grain structure that provides the improved properties in the alloy of this invention.

Abstract: A process for dehalogenating hydrocarbon compounds that contaminate aqueous compositions is disclosed. The process admixes the contaminated aqueous composition with ferrous oxide. The use of citric acid in the reaction is optional. The reaction can be performed in situ and ex situ on contaminated groundwaters, ponds and streams.

Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyl compounds are sorbed from aqueous solutions and mixtures by a variety of organic polymeric materials. The contaminant can be desorbed for further processing and destruction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved method for measuring the presence and amount of a variety of metals contained in a sample. In the first step, all of the various forms of each metal are converted to a soluble metallic complex which is capable of being electrochemically reduced. Voltammetry is then used to determine the stripping current or charge characteristic of each metallic complex. Finally, the concentration of each metal can be calculated by insertion of the stripping current or charge value into an equation which correlates peak current or charge values with metal concentration.The metals which can be detected and quantified by using this method are gold, silver, bismuth, cadmium, thallium, and mercury.