Abstract: A monoolefin oligomerization process which gives high yields of diner and trimer at high monoolefin conversions in a single stage reaction is described. The process involves contacting a C.sub.6-20 oligomerizable olefin with a catalyst comprising boron trifluoride and from 0.05 to 2.5 mol %, based on the total quantity of monoolefin being used, of an alcohol catalyst promoter which is added portionwise during the oligomerization. The oligomerization is performed at a temperature of 45-90.degree. C. and under a pressurized atmosphere of boron trifluoride until the monoolefin conversion is at least 90% and the combined total of dimer and trimer in the liquid reaction mixture is at least 70% by weight.

Abstract: A method for converting ?MoCp(CO).sub.3 !.sub.2, in which at least one of the Cp groups has a substitutent having a carbonyl or carboxyl group and the compound has a Mo--Mo single bond, into a resinous supported material having repeating units of the formula (MoCp).sub.2 S.sub.4. The repeating units have four bridging sulfido ligands between the two molybdenum atoms, and the repeating units are joined to each other by bridging-sulfide ligands. The method comprises reacting the molybdenum carbonyl dimer with elemental sulfur in a solvent for the starting material at a temperature between 110-120.degree. C. in the presence of a solid adsorbent support. The resinous material may be further hydrogenated, the hydrogenated material may be further reacted to form a material having a carboxyl-containing methanedithiolate ligand, and this latter material may be further hydrolyzed. The molybdenum sulfide dimers are useful for separation, purification, and recovery of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The use of novel heterogeneous catalyst complexes as catalysts for oligomerizing alpha-olefins is disclosed. The complexes are formed from (i) a solid olefin polymer having a linear backbone and a plurality of pendant omega-hydroxyalkyl groups, (ii) an organomagnesium halide, and (iii) a boron trihalide, preferably BF.sub.3. The complexes can be recovered and reused repeatedly in batch-type operations and can be used for long periods of time in continuous or semi-continuous operations without replenishment of their boron trifluoride content.

Abstract: Alpha-olefin oligomers are produced by oligomering alpha-olefin monomer with a catalyst system comprising boron trifluoride, a protic promoter, and a special type of modifier. The modifier is a compound that satisfies the following criteria: (a) it has at least one moiety in which a carbonyl group is directly bonded to a nitrogen atom which is in turn bonded to two separate carbon atoms, (b) it is devoid of any nitrogen atom other than a nitrogen atom that is either (i) directly bonded to two separate carbon atoms and to a carbonyl group or (ii) is triply bonded to a single carbon atom, and (c) it is devoid of any protonic functional substituent. These modifiers control the oligomer product distribution and provide higher percentages of lower oligomers, especially dimers.

Abstract: A monoolefin oligomerization process which gives high yields of dimer and trimer at high monoolefin conversions in a single stage reaction is described. The process involves contacting a C.sub.6-20 vinyl olefin with a catalyst comprising boron trifluoride and from 0.075 to 0.5 mol %, based on the total quantity of monoolefin being used, of an alcohol catalyst promoter. The oligomerization is performed at a temperature below about 40.degree. C. and under a pressurized atmosphere of boron trifluoride in the range of 2 to 4 bars gauge until the monoolefin conversion is at least 95% and the combined total of dimer and trimer in the liquid reaction mixture is at least 60% by weight.

Abstract: The alpha-olefin content of mixed hydrocarbon streams is selectively utilized to produce trialkylaluminum compounds in which the alkyl groups are linear primary alkyl groups. This selective utilization is accomplished by use of a specific, highly selective low residence-time, low isomerization catalytic displacement reaction. In addition, when alpha-olefins are the desired end product, a second low residence-time catalytic displacement reaction is utilized whereby high purity alpha olefins are produced.

Abstract: A process disclosed for the separation, purification and recovery of an unsaturated hydrocarbon from its mixture with at least one other material using a facilitated transport liquid membrane system.

Abstract: Described is a process for isomerizing .alpha.-olefin to produce olefinic oil having a viscosity at 100.degree. C. of no more than about 1.6 cSt, a viscosity at 40.degree. C. of no more than about 3.8 cSt, and a pour point of 0.degree. C. or lower, preferably -10.degree. C. or lower. The process comprises contacting the .alpha.-olefin having from about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms with a catalytic quantity of nonmetallic sulfonic or perfluorosulfonic acid resin catalyst under identified isomerization conditions, thereby producing deep internal olefin having the desired combination of physical properties.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for optimizing the pressure drop in the catalytic conversion of a feed in a bed of catalyst particles in a vertically arranged reactor by grading the catalyst particles within the bed by pressure drop.

Abstract: Alpha-olefin oligomer is prepared by contacting an alpha-olefin monomer which contains from about 8 to about 16 carbon atoms with a heterogeneous catalyst system formed from (i) a solid olefin polymer having a linear backbone and a plurality of pendant omega-hydroxyalkyl groups, and (ii) a boron trihalide, preferably BF.sub.3. The catalyst system is stable and very reactive at relatively high temperatures, and the solid polymer of the catalyst system can be recovered and reused repeatedly in batch-type operations and can be used for long periods of time in continuous or semi-continuous operations.

Abstract: Ethylene is trimerized to form 1-hexene by using a catalyst comprising an aluminoxane and polydentate phosphine, arsine, and/or stibine coordination complex of a chromium salt. Catalysts, complexes, and ligands enabling production of 1-hexene in extremely high yields and purity are also described.

Abstract: BF.sub.3 is vaporized from specified crude polyolefin reaction product mixture in a vaporization zone at a temperature insufficient to decompose BF.sub.3 or any BF.sub.3 promoter complex in the mixture, and the vaporized BF.sub.3 may be recovered directly. Further, a process for the oligomerization of a liquid olefin composition and recovery of BF.sub.3 is described in which inert volatile material present in a liquid olefin composition is removed from the composition by vaporization, forming a degassed liquid olefin composition free of inert volatile material. The degassed liquid olefin composition is then contacted in a reaction zone with BF.sub.3 under conditions to oligomerize the olefin, forming crude polyolefin oligomerization reaction product mixture containing dissolved BF.sub.3, which may be treated as described.

Abstract: A catalyst composition effective for isomerizing alpha-olefin to internal olefin and a process for conducting such isomerization using the catalyst composition are described. The catalyst comprises the combination of an alkyl aluminum alkoxide and a cobalt salt of an organic carboxylic acid or reduced form of such cobalt salt wherein the number of alkoxide groups in the alkyl aluminum alkoxide is sufficiently greater than 1 and sufficiently less than 3 per aluminum atom to provide an active catalyst for catalyzing such isomerization. Typically the alkyl aluminum alkoxide has the formula R.sup.3.sub.n Al(OR.sup.4).sub.p where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and are alkyl, n is from 0.75 to 1.85, p is from 1.15 to 2.25 and the sum of n and p is 3. The isomerization process using such catalysts proceeds rapidly and requires no addition of hydrogen to enhance the reaction.

Abstract: A process for cooling unreacted hydrocarbon substrate that is recycled to an alkylation reactor and for minimizing the concentration of lower boiling hydrocarbons in such recycle.

Abstract: Alpha-olefins enriched in 1-hexene are prepared by oligomerizing ethylene in the presence of a catalyst comprising (a) a chromium complex containing a coordinating polydentate ligand and, (b) an aluminoxane, in an organic solvent.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation and recovery of an unsaturated hydrocarbon from its mixture with at least one other material by the selective and reversible complexation of the unsaturated hydrocarbon using a single cubane-type cluster of palladium, molybdenum and sulfur as a complexation agent.

Abstract: Alpha-olefin oligomers are produced by oligomerizing an alpha-olefin monomer with a catalyst system comprising boron trifluoride, a protic promoter, and a modifier which is (a) at least one 1,3-dioxolane, or (b) at least one 1,3-dioxane, or (c) a combination of (a) and (b). Use of these modifiers in the BF.sub.3 -catalyzed oligomerization makes it possible to modify the promoted catalytic reaction so that product containing as much as 50% or more of dimer can be produced at high conversions, at modest reaction temperatures, and in short reaction periods.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of BF.sub.3 from crude oligomerization reaction product mixture containing dissolved BF.sub.3 is described, the process being characterized by vaporization of BF.sub.3 from the crude oligomerization reaction product mixture in a vaporization zone at a temperature insufficient to decompose BF.sub.3 or any BF.sub.3 promoter-complex in the mixture. BF.sub.3 from the vaporization zone is then contacted with a liquid olefin composition under conditions to absorb BF.sub.3, in an absorption zone, forming a mixture comprising liquid olefin composition and BF.sub.3. The liquid olefin composition may be utilized directly for oligomerization of the liquid olefin therein.

Abstract: Vinylidene olefin can be formed in good yield and high selectivity in much shorter reaction periods than found critical heretofore. The process involves dimerizing vinyl olefin with at least one trialkylaluminum compound as the sole catalyst component charged to the reaction vessel. These materials are charged to the reactor so that it contains in the range of 0.001 to 0.5 mol of trialkylaluminum per mol of the initial vinyl olefin. The reaction is performed at a temperature in the range of 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to convert 10 to 99% by weight of the initial vinyl olefin to a different product and form a product mixture with at least 80 wt % vinylidene dimer selectivity.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process is disclosed in which cracking is performed in a riser reactor, catalytically cracked product is substantially separated from the catalyst in a gross-cut separator downstream of the riser reactor, and the cracked product is quenched with an anhydrous quench liquid at a location immediately downstream of the oil outlet of the gross-cut separator.