Abstract: Apparatus for producing annular corrugations in the wall of thin metal tubing in the manufacture of corrugated metal hose includes a plurality of dies. Each die comprises a helical rib of greater than 360.degree. extent formed on the inner rim of an annular ring with the ribs on successive dies being progressively thinner and having successively closer pitches so as to progressively deepen the corrugations and make them narrower. The dies are mounted to rotate in synchronization with each other at identical angular speeds, and are arranged in pairs in one or more stages with the dies in each stage engaging opposite sides of the tube. A non-rotatable guide member projects inside the first die ring and has an aperture to permit the die to contact the tubing at one location on the tubing circumference while the remainder of the tubing is rigidly supported against collapse by the guide member.

Abstract: Economical plastic well screens having good hydraulic performance can be produced by the method of the present invention wherein a sheet having a large plurality of V-shaped slots is injection molded, is roll-formed into a cylindrical shape, and then has its longitudinal edges bonded to each other. The resistance of the screen to collapse and tensile forces can be enhanced by the addition of ribs in one or two directions. Also, the sheet can be rolled in one direction or another to vary the slot direction or to permit flow from inside to outside as well as the conventional outside to inside.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the fluidized catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons are disclosed. A small vent conduit extends upward out of the flow diversion device mounted on the top of the riser reactor. This vent conduit preferably carries between about 2 and 10 percent of the vapor and catalyst leaving the top of the riser upward into the upper portion of the receiving vessel. This reduces coke deposits in the upper portion of the vessel. The remainder of the vapors and catalyst are preferably directed downward upon leaving the top of the riser.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved adsorbent comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate, method of manufacture of the adsorbent and improved process for separating a component from a feed mixture comprising an aqueous solution of a mixture of different components, such as a mixture of saccharides. In the process the mixture is contacted with the adsorbent, which selectively adsorbs a component from the feed mixture. The adsorbed component is then recovered by contacting the adsorbent with a desorbent material such as water to effect the desorption of the adsorbed component from the adsorbent. There is an undesirable tendency for the silicon constituent of the crystalline aluminosilicate to dissolve in the aqueous system. The improvement to the adsorbent and process comprises the incorporation of a binder material in the adsorbent comprising a cellulose ether which substantially reduces the undesirable dissolution.

Abstract: A process for the separation of one monosaccharide from another. An aqueous feed solution of the monosaccharides is diluted with ethanol and then contacted with a crystalline aluminosilicate adsorbent exhibiting an adsorptive selectivity towards one of the monosaccharides. The one monosaccharide is adsorbed and thereafter recovered.

Abstract: A method for the removal of metal from a hydrocarbon solution containing metal alkaryl sulfonate. Briefly, the method comprises contacting the hydrocarbon solution containing metal alkaryl sulfonate with an aqueous ammonia or an aqueous ammonium salt solution and recovering a hydrocarbon having a reduced metal concentration.

Abstract: Sucrose which is found in molasses such as beet molasses or cane molasses may be selectively extracted therefrom by passing an aqueous solution of the molasses over an adsorbent comprising activated carbon powder bound with a binder material comprising a water permeable organic polymer. The sucrose will be selectively adsorbed thereon and separated from the mineral salts and betaine in the molasses. The sucrose is then removed from the adsorbent by treatment with a desorbent material comprising a water and methanol mixture.

Abstract: A vapor-liquid contacting process is disclosed which may be used in gas treating, absorption or in fractional distillation. The process is characterized by the utilization of a liquid support plate (tray) having a flat vapor-liquid contacting area formed by uniformly spaced parallel members which provide long narrow passages for the rising vapor. The process is especially useful when a low pressure drop through the liquid support plate or a high tendency of the liquid support plate to prevent weeping is desired. The process allows higher operating capacity than the use of valve-type liquid support valves.

Abstract: A method for discharging a periodic flow of a measured volume of hot regenerated catalyst particles from a moving bed regeneration system into a catalyst hopper at a substantially steady particle flow rate thus eliminating pressure surges in the hopper.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for regenerating a solid adsorbent which has been used to remove oxygen-containing hydrocarbonaceous compounds, water or sulfur-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. The method is preferably applied to molecular sieves which have been used to remove ethers, alcohols and/or water from a light liquid phase hydrocarbon stream such as a stream which is rich in C.sub.4 hydrocarbons. The regeneration method includes stripping the adsorbent with a low temperature hydrogen-rich gas stream, which preferably has a temperature below about 200.degree. F., and then gradually increasing the temperature of the gas stream to customary regeneration temperatures.

Abstract: Water is removed from an alkaline solution used to extract mercaptans from a hydrocarbon stream by contacting a portion of the alkaline solution with a warm hydrocarbon vapor stream. The portion is removed from an extraction zone and reintroduced into an oxidation zone. This process flow arrangement has operational and cost advantages compared to removal from a settling zone and passage of the stripped warm alkaline solution into the extraction zone.

Abstract: Sucrose which is found in molasses such as beet molasses or cane molasses may be selectively extracted therefrom by passing an aqueous solution of the molasses over a solid adsorbent such as activated carbon. The sucrose will be selectively adsorbed thereon and separated from the betaine and mineral salts, specifically potassium chloride, in the molasses. The sucrose is then removed from the adsorbent by treatment with a desorbent material comprising an alcohol. In applying the simulated moving bed countercurrent flow system to this separation, the presence of the alcohol in the adsorbent will seriously impede the adsorption of the sucrose. The present invention incorporates a water flush stream into such a system in a unique manner which, among other things, precludes the presence of alcohol in the adsorption zone.

Abstract: This invention comprises a process for separating a fatty acid from a mixture comprising a fatty acid and a rosin acid, which process comprises contacting the mixture at separation conditions with a molecular sieve comprising silicalite, thereby selectively retaining the fatty acid. The fatty acid may be recovered from the molecular sieve by displacement with a displacement fluid. It is preferred that the displacement fluid comprise a liquid having a minimum polarity index.

Abstract: A contaminating metal on a cracking catalyst used for the cracking of hydrocarbons is passivated by contacting the catalyst with a hydrocarbon gas or mixture of gases comprising molecules of three carbon atoms or less at passivation reaction conditions prior to the cycling of the catalyst to the cracking zone, which gas or mixture of gases is first saturated with water at specific conditions.

Abstract: A process for separating an extract component from a raffinate component contained in a feed mixture. A unidirectional fluid flow system is maintained through a series of separating units through which the components travel at different rates. A component concentration distribution is established within the system of units and divided into specific zones. Feed and displacement fluid are passed into the inlets of two of the units and extract and raffinate are taken as the entire streams from outlets of two of the units all at appropriate points on the component concentration distribution. Other inlets and outlets of the various units lying in the same zone are interconnected. At the appropriate times the inlets and outlets are shifted so as to simulate movement of the units in a direction co-current with the fluid flow and thereby enable the inlets and outlets to continually lie in the appropriate zones.

Abstract: A method of removing metal alkaryl sulfonate from a hydrocarbon solution is disclosed. Briefly, the method comprises contacting the hydrocarbon solution containing metal alkaryl sulfonate with basic anion-exchange resin and recovering a hydrocarbon having a reduced concentration of metal alkaryl sulfonate.

Abstract: Carbonyl cyanide may be prepared by reacting a solution of a trihalomethyl haloformate in an organic solvent with a cyanide salt in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. Carbonyl cyanide may be prepared by this method in good yield and with great convenience.

Abstract: An improved process for the treatment and liquefaction of calcium-containing subbituminous coal and coals of lower rank to form water soluble compounds of calcium, thereby suppressing the formation of scale, made up largely of calcium carbonate which normally forms within the coal liquefaction zone, e.g. on reactor surfaces, lines, auxiliary equipment and the like. An oxide of sulfur is contacted with a coal feed sufficient to impregnate the pores of the coal. The impregnated coal is then contacted with hydrogen sulfide to produce water soluble thiosulfate. After the treated coal is liquefied in a coal liquefaction zone, the effluent is water washed to remove the water soluble thiosulfate.

Abstract: A process for liquefying a calcium-containing coal which comprises contacting calcium-containing coal with an aqueous sulfur oxide solution. The resulting admixture is contacted with hydrogen sulfide to produce water soluble thiosulfate. After the treated coal is separated from the resulting aqueous phase, the coal is charged to a coal liquefaction zone.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process highly useful in the hydrotreating of black oils or other high sulfur hydrocarbonaceous compounds which require both desulfurization and denitrification is disclosed. An ammonia source, which is preferably a liquid-phase aqueous stream, is admixed with the reaction zone effluent stream upstream of the product separator. This increases the ammonia present in an aqueous phase which is separated from the reaction zone effluent stream and thereby allows the aqueous phase to contain an increased amount of hydrogen sulfide. The inventive concept has advantages such as lowering the hydrogen sulfide concentration in the hydrogen-rich gas recovered from the reaction zone effluent stream and which is recycled to the reaction zone.