Abstract: A process on a single insulating substrate for depositing in succession a thin layer of tantalium with high resistivity doped with nitrogen and oxygen, a less thin layer of titanium with low resistivity doped with nitrogen, a layer of palladium and a thick layer of gold. Selective chemical attacks of said layers then permit tracing of conducting lines, resistive lines with greater resistance and resistive lines with less resistance.

Abstract: A Y-branch type first interferometric modulator, and a coupler structure type second interferometric modulator are connected in cascade. The levels of DC bias voltages applied to the first and second interferometric modulators, respectively, are adjusted for maximizing the linearity of a modulated output light signal. The configuration of input and output coupler structures of the second interferometric modulator are predetermined for also contributing to maximizing the linearity of the output signal.

Abstract: In a method for processing incoming code words that are accompanied by parity bits and that, in the course of being transmitted, undergo a digital attenuation and/or a code conversion for generating further code words that are to be transmitted, the code words and the parity bits are subjected to parity tests for indicating whether parity errors exist prior to the performance of the digital attenuation and/or code conversion. Then, for each of the further code words a further parity bit is generated that is also to be transmitted, but that is inverted, if the parity test of a corresponding code word has shown that a parity error exists.

Abstract: A programmable signal generator is disclosed which includes a source of a user control signal. A controlled clock signal generator produces one of a predetermined setof respective clock signals responsive to the user control signal. Means are coupled to the clock signal generator for converting the clock signals to an analog sine-wave.

Abstract: A four-quadrant multiplier based on a Gilbert cell is utilized to multiply several signals by a similar signal. The transistors in two pairs of coupled differential amplifiers of one input terminal of the inner multiplier that is activated like a Gilbert cell by way of a diode-and-transistor section have several emitters. Each pair of emitters in the right and the left branch of the miltiplier can be oppositely activated by way of a source of variable current or by way of a series of a transistor and a source of current. To process square-wave signals, the source of variable current is a source that can be engaged and disengaged by I.sup.2 L gates.

Abstract: A broad-band communications network having at least one packet switching network, wherein the transmission of communications signals occurs in packets of a fixed length. Packing/depacking units are provided at the network interfaces to form and break up the packets. After trunking, the degree of packet filling of the packets provided for communications signal transmission is adjusted on the basis of the trunking information transmitted and on an individual connection basis in a packet switching system associated with the packet switching network. Information regarding the control signal containing the adjusted degree of packet filling is transmitted to all packing/depacking units involved in the connection to be established to set the packing/depacking units accordingly.

Abstract: To avoid punch-through breakdown in conventional thyristors in off-state condition, the central zone (1) must be made so thick that at nominal off-state voltage a sufficient distance remains between the space charge region and the opposite pn junction. Contact regions are provided in the invention for drawing off the charge carriers produced during an off-state load condition. These contacts are disposed on the anode and cathode side at the central zone in the vicinity of the anode-side emitter zone (2) and the cathode-side base zone (3). As a result, the space charge region is allowed to be moved closer to the pn junction without the occurrence of a punch-through breakdown.

Abstract: A grid spacer for a nuclear reactor fuel assembly is formed of two superposed combs. Each comb has a base strip which extends the width of the assembly. To it are attached parallel grid strips which are free at their other ends. The grid strips are perpendicular to the base strip and are formed for spring engagement with the fuel rods of the assembly. The combs can be inserted from the sides of the assembly, so that an additional or substitute spacer can be added to the assembly without disassembling the latter.

Abstract: Short circuits on the anode side of thyristors can be manufactured easily d inexpensively if a p-doped layer is first generated on the anode side. On it, after an oxide masking and structuring process, grooves (7) are produced, which extend into the base zone (1) of the thyristor on the anode side, in which the short-circuit areas are then generated. After the oxide has been removed, the anode electrode is applied, which contacts the p-doped layer and the short-circuit areas. As an alternative, the short-circuit areas may also be generated first through the openings of a structured oxide. Then, after removal of the oxide, the entire surface is p-doped, with the doping being less than that of the short-circuit areas. Then the anode electrode is applied.

Abstract: An adjustable frequency oscillator has an adjustable element, such as a potentiometer, for setting the frequency of oscillation. The circuitry in the oscillator is such that the frequency of oscillation is relatively immune to the characteristics of the adjustable element. The oscillator may be used in a time delay circuit, notably, in a time delay circuit used to control a time delay relay.

Abstract: An optical connection between an optoelectronic structural element and a fiber-optic beam waveguide is described which is reliable, simple, and space-saving. A lens and a hollow cylinder are integrated in the structural component of optoelectronic structural elements. Each end of a fiber-optic beam waveguide is inserted into the hollow cylinders, and the optoelectronic structural elements are connected with the aid of a heat-shrinkable tubing with the fiber-optic beam waveguide such that the ends of the light beam waveguide to be coupled abut each of the lens integrated into the optoelectronic structural elements. An optocoupler according to the invention may be advantageously used in motor vehicles, in electromedicine, in power electronics, in robot control, in sensory analysis, and in "instrumentaion-control-regulation" tasks.

Abstract: A broad-band communications network consists of at least one broad-band packet exchange for transmission of communications signals in packets of a fixed length and one telephone exchange connected to the broad-band packet exchange by means of at least one interworking unit. Packing/depacking units are provided at the interfaces of the packet exchange to the subscriber's sets and within the respective interworking units. A control signal is sent following trunking to the packing/depacking units involved in the connection to be established for connections with a network transfer. The control signal controls the packing/depacking units such that packets of a fixed length intended for transmission of speech signals are formed or broken up, in accordance with a adjusted degree of packet filling which is reduced in comparison with the full packet capacity.

Abstract: A drawer slide device for suspending and supporting a drawer which permits the drawer to be opened and closed and limits the travel of the drawer includes a guide bar ridgedly attached to a drawer holder and having a slot therein, and a slide bar suspended from the guide bar slot by screws such that the screw heads can not pass through but may slide within the slot while holding the slide bar. The slide bar has a slot from which a drawer is suspended by screws that are similarly free to slide within the slide bar slot while holding the drawer. Friction reducing washers are interposed between bearing surfaces to permit ease of operation. The travel of the drawer is limited to a portion of the total of the slot lengths.

Abstract: A power MOSFET composed of a plurality of individual MOSFETs connected in parallel, wherein an additional sensing MOSFET monitors the current in the power MOSFET. The sensing MOSFET has a surface comparatively smaller than the power MOSFET and is connected in parallel with the power MOSFET with a resistor between the source of the power MOSFET and the source of the sensing MOSFET. The sensing MOSFET and resistor are integrated with an integrated circuit provided for the control of the power MOSFET.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for the equalization of digital signals received in analog form. The circuit arrangement is used in a digital signal receiving system for the equalization of digital signals received in analog form through an analog/digital converter which have been distorted by precursors and postcursors of subsequent or previously transmitted digital signals. In this case, the circuit arrangement includes a postcursor equalizer and a precursor equalizer connected with it that is designed as a transverse filter and multiplies a digital signal received at a sampling interval n by a main coefficient and, in addition, a predetermined number of digital signals immediately following the digital signal in question in each case by a predetermined secondary coefficient and sums that resulting product signal, with the aid of an adder, to a sum signal.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for the positioning and bonding of a solid body (2) in which one part of the solid body (2) together with the bonding agent (6) is to be attached to a further element (7) and bonded to a base (4) is to be capable of positioning the solid body (2), at the point attained after positioning, with both high precision and high long term stability. The solid body (2) is immersed in the bonding agent (6) and this bonding agent is in turn located in a groove of a further electrically conducting body (7). The further body (7) is heated by current flow to a temperature at which the solid body (2) is movable within the bonding agent. Upon attaining the desired positioning of the solid body (2), the bonding agent is allowed to cool through controlled reduction of the heating current until solidification occurs.

Abstract: Line groups with doubled central switching network and connected via correspondingly two time division multiplex lines and having inter alia one sub-switching network and one group control system each are assigned to each other in pairs. The connection devices, which are individually assigned to the one and the other of two line groups, and which are connected via internal lines in normal operation to the sub-switching network in each instance of their own line group, can be changed over to the sub-switching network of the particular other line group.

Abstract: A device and method for baling a plurality of items in a sack-like bale enclosure which includes a conduit for conducting items from a conveyor to a sock-like item receptacle coaxially mounted over an outlet end of the conduit.

Abstract: A process for receiving a binary digital signal by a method for the reception of a binary digital signal, which may also have phase shifts, with a supplied clock that may have any desired phase position with respect to the digital signal and may deviate somewhat in frequency from the bit sequence frequency of the digital signal. From the clock (T1) there is formed over a delay chain (7-13, 52-55) a series of clocks (T2-T12), which have approximately equal phase intervals. Short pulses (I11-I110) are derived from the clocks (T1-T12). T12). Upon the arrival of each edge of a digital signal (D1) that has been selected as the effective edge, there is derived a read pulse (I21) which may also be delayed (I2x), with which the presence of pulses (I11-I110) may be determined through AND gates (20-25, 60-63). Through SR flip-flops (26-31, 64-67) and AND gates (32-37, 68-71), clocks (F1-F10) selected with the pulses (I11-I110) that are present are switched through and OR-linked (38) for use as an input clock (Te).

Abstract: In an intermediate storage of a communication switching system, where connection data are stored in connection-specific data sets, the intermediate storage is continuously checked for the presence of data sets. If at least one such data set is present, then this data set is transmitted in a security transmission method to two separate processing units of a data processing system and written into a memory unit. If only one of two processing units acknowledges error-free reception of a data set, then this processing unit is supplied with a control signal by the communication switching system directing it to copy the data set just received into the memory unit of the other processing unit.