Abstract: Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) is prepared from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). When PVC is made utilizing polyvinyl alcohol, the low molecular weight CPVC compound so prepared is colored. A low molecular weight CPVC compound prepared from PVC that was made in the presence of a cellulose ether instead of polyvinyl alcohol resulted in a very low color compound having a DE of O by definition. However, a CPVC compound prepared from PVC made in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol resulted in a relatively high color (DE 18.51). During the polymerization of vinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol is replaced with the hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose ether having a methoxyl substitution of 15-35 percent and a hydroxypropoxyl substitution of from 4-35 percent.

Abstract: Flexible blend compositions are provided having a Shore A hardness of less than or equal to about 90. The compositions are blends of an overpolymer and/or graft polymer with a plasticizer or blending agent. The overpolymer has an ethylene copolymer substrate overpolymerized with a vinyl chloride type monomer or comonomer and optionally including an acrylate comonomer. The compositions are distinguished by an absence of shrinkage in hot oil. The compositions generally tend to swell in hot oil.

Abstract: The utilization of an air classifier process is effective in separating out fine-sized particles (that is, particles having a size generally less than 75 microns) from a composition of mass produced polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or PVC copolymer resin thereby producing so called normal-sized mass PVC resin particles. Such resultant normal mass PVC resin (fine free) contains very little, if any residual glassy particles and can be utilized for making thermoplastic bottles and other articles requiring low residual vinyl chloride monomer. The removal of the fines also improves the bulk handling characteristics of the normal mass PVC resin. The separated fines constitute a novel blending or extender resin and hence can be utilized in association with a PVC dispersion resin to form a plastisol. The extender resin can also be utilized as a sintering resin, as a drying resin for plasticized dry blends or as an antiblocking resin for PVC compounds.

Abstract: A method for polymerizing polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride copolymers is provided in which a monomer slurry is formed by adding the monomers and water (hot or cold) in the reaction vessel, and the slurry is brought to reaction temperature. After a time delay of 0 to 15 minutes, an emulsifier package is added, and after a further time delay of 0 to 15 minutes, a catalyst emulsion is added. The emulsifier package comprises a primary emulsifier which is partially saponified polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of saponification between about 60 and about 90 mole percent and a solubility in methanol index at 55.degree. C. in a range of up to about 60 percent. A secondary emulsifier is included in the emulsifier package which is a preferably cellulosic type emulsifier. Preferably an additional emulsifier is added which is a hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate having a degree of hydrolysis of at least 68 percent. The polymerization product has good bulk density and porosity parameters.

Abstract: Polyvinyl chloride resins and copolymers thereof are produced containing little or no gel content, commonly referred to as "fisheyes", even after numerous charges to a reaction vessel without cleaning thereof between charges. A primary dispersant system such as a high hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate and an optional modified cellulose ether is utilized in association with a low hydrolyzed secondary dispersant, for example, polyvinyl acetate, in the reaction vessel such as a polymerizer containing an aromatic inhibitor polymer build-up compound coated on the internal walls thereof. The resin particles produced tend to have a uniform particle size and a high porosity so that plasticizers can readily be incorporated therein. Since contamination buildup on the reaction vessel walls is reduced or prevented, the amount of gel is reduced and production rate is increased since, as noted above, cleaning of the vessels is not required.

Abstract: An elasticized, dispersion-grade vinyl chloride resin powder is provided which not only imparts improved elasticity and reduced hysteresis losses to fluid plastisols made therewith, but also has excellent stability under adverse environmental conditions, insuring consistent performance in plastisols even after said powder has been in storage for several months. This resin powder has an average particle size between about 0.4 and about 4 microns and contains between about 0.5 and about 20% by weight of an elastomeric acrylic polymer having a T.sub.g below about -10.degree. C. which is present as discrete particles most of which are at least partly occluded by hard thermoplastic vinyl chloride polymer formed in situ, which vinyl chloride polymer represents substantially all of the remaining mass of said powder.Fluid plastisols prepared from said resin powder are also described as well as finished articles of improved resiliency and elasticity, which are made from said plastisols.

Abstract: Thermoplastic elastomer blends containing polyvinyl chloride having improved oil resistance and low compression set are made by blending a crosslinked nitrile rubber with a polyvinyl chloride-acrylate copolymer. The amount of nitrile rubber can vary over a wide range as from about 1 part to about 400 parts by weight for every 100 parts by weight of the polyvinyl chloride-acrylate copolymer. The polyvinyl chloride-acrylate copolymer has an inherent viscosity of from about 0.3 to about 4.0 and is made from a vinyl chloride monomer with an optional vinyl component comonomer and one or more acrylate monomers having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic, an aromatic, or combinations thereof, having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a halogen derivative thereof, or hydrogen, and R.sup.

Abstract: Thermoplastic elastomer blends containing polyvinyl chloride having improved oil resistance, exceptionally low compression set and softness are made by mixing a polyvinyl chloride-acrylate copolymer with effective amounts of cured acrylate elastomers. The polyvinyl chloride-acrylate copolymer has an inherent viscosity of from about 0.3 to about 4.0 and is made from a vinyl constituent which is a vinyl chloride monomer with an optional vinyl component comonomer and one or more acrylate monomers having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an aliphatic, an aromatic, or combinations thereof, having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a halogen derivative thereof, or hydrogen, and R.sup.

Abstract: Copolymers of vinyl or vinylidene halides and vinyl esters of C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 acids are provided having low molecular weights, good particle characteristics, and improved melt flow are made by aqueous polymerization utilizing an effective amount of a mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, wherein the chain transfer agent is admixed with the vinyl esters to form a chain transfer composition, and may be added before the start of the polymerization.

Abstract: Polyvinyl chloride resins are treated with a low inherent viscosity-high glass transition temperature enhancing agent to impart improved processing properties thereto, especially melt flow, which are desirable in various melt type fabrication processes such as custom injection molding. The high glass transition temperature-inherent viscosity enhancing agent is made by polymerizing one or more high glass transition temperature agent forming monomers in the presence of a chain transfer agent. The agent has a high glass transition temperature as well as a low inherent viscosity. The high glass transition temperature-inherent viscosity enhancing agent is produced as an overpolymer in a mass polymerization reaction.

Abstract: Copolymers of vinyl or vinylidene halides and vinyl esters of fatty acids having low molecular weights, good particle characteristics, and improved melt flow are made by aqueous polymerization utilizing an effective amount of a mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, wherein the chain transfer agent is admixed with the vinyl ester to form a chain transfer composition, and the composition be added before the start of the polymerization.

Abstract: Various fabrication properties of polyvinyl chloride are improved such as melt flow by treating the polyvinyl chloride resin with a low inherent viscosity-high glass transition temperature enhancing agent. The treatment occurs as a suspension overpolymerization on the polyvinyl chloride resin by reacting at least one high glass transition temperature enhancing agent with at least one substantially water insoluble chain transfer agent. The formed high glass transition temperature-low inherent viscosity agent imparts a high glass transition temperature to the polyvinyl chloride resin and also reduces the inherent viscosity to a level below the inherent viscosity formed by the combined effect of the polyvinyl chloride resin and the glass transition temperature agent.

Abstract: Under certain operating conditions, an emulsion of an acidified unfiltrable tarry bottoms stream from a reactor for the chlorination of ethylene to 1,2-dichloroethane can be demulsified and separated in a phase separation tank. The presence of FeCl.sub.3 in an amount more than 5 ppm Fe in the separated organic waste, fouls the reboiler and lower internals of a "heavies" column in which the separated organic waste is concentrated, and deactivates the catalyst in a Catoxid fluid bed reactor in which the concentrate is burned. By maintaining an iron salt chlorination catalyst in a concentration which results in 2000 ppm to 4000 ppm of Fe in the HTC reactor bottoms, and operating the HTC reactor at a temperature in the range from about 90.degree. C. to 120.degree. C. and a pressure in the range from 9 psig to 12 psig, an unfiltrable reactor bottoms drawoff is produced which may be acidified without forming an emulsion.

Abstract: Stabilized vinyl halide compositions are provided by adding to said vinyl halide compositions an effective amount of a stabilizer having the substituted hydroquinone structure: ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## wherein p is 1 or 2 andq is 0 or 1;provided that p+q=1 or 2.The groups R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, Z and W are defined hereafter.The stabilizer is added at any point in the process after the desired state of polymerization is achieved.

Abstract: Polymers of vinyl halides having low molecular weights, good particle characteristics, and improved melt flow are made by aqueous polymerization utilizing an effective amount of a mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, wherein the mercaptan chain transfer agent is mixed with at least one material which is non-polymerizable with vinyl chloride and wherein said non-polymerizable material is substantially insoluble in water and is miscible with said mercaptan to form a chain transfer composition, and said chain transfer composition is added before the start of the polymerization while maintaining colloidal stability.

Abstract: Porous particles of crosslinked PVC are disclosed. The particles are skinless and have a fast powder mix time. Processes to produce the novel particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Porous particles of crosslinked PVC are disclosed. The particles are skinless and have a fast powder mix time. Processes to produce the novel particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Porous particles of crosslinked PVC are disclosed. The particles are skinless and have a fast powder mix time. Processes to produce the novel particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Porous particles of crosslinked PVC are disclosed. The particles are skinless and have a fast powder mix time. Processes to produce the novel particles are also disclosed.

Abstract: Porous particles of crosslinked PVC are disclosed. The particles are skinless and have a fast powder mix time. Processes to produce the novel particles are also disclosed.