Abstract: A process for reducing the sulfur content of coal comprising the steps of:1. contacting coal particles with an aqueous solution of iron complexing agent, and an oxidant to preferentially oxidize at least a portion of the sulfur in the coal;2. thermally treating the oxidized sulfur-containing coal at elevated temperature to reduce the sulfur content of the coal; and3. recovering coal particles of reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for removing lubricating compositions from crankcase oil pans of internal combustion engines through the oil dipstick well of the engine involves signalling means, acting in response to the amount of vapor flowing to the vacuum chamber of the apparatus to signal, preferably audibly signal, the completion of removal of lubricating composition from the crankcase oil pan.An improved method for removing lubricating composition from crankcase oil pans is also disclosed.

Abstract: A flow responsive counting apparatus comprising in combination a) conduit means having an inlet and an outlet; b) means mechanically responsive to fluid flow for measuring volumetric flow of water; c) means mechanically responsive to fluid flow for totalling "on-off" water flow cycles; said conduit means interconnecting in series the means for measuring volume flow and means for totalling on-off water flow cycles. The apparatus interconnected in an appropriate water line in an automatic car wash can provide a tamper-resistant means for counting the number of vehicles washed in the automatic car wash.

Abstract: A process for producing coke from sulfur-containing hydrocarbon feedstocks which involves contacting at least a portion of the feedstock with a peroxy oxidant in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst to preferentially oxidize a portion of the hydrocarbon feedstock, subjecting the feedstock to coking conditions to form coke and recovering a coke product. The present process can provide improved yields of coke having substantially reduced sulfur content.

Abstract: Improved methods for reducing the amounts of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines involving the use of catalysts comprising a major amount of crystalline magnesium aluminate spinel. Improved catalysts as well as improved methods for making the present catalyst are also included.

Abstract: A new class of dispersant compounds and compositions and a series of novel lubricant compositions are disclosed. Polyalkylene glycol succinimides which may be derived from maleic acids and anhydrides are useful as dispersants in, for example, polyglycol base fluids. Lubricating compositions including such dispersant compositions are also described.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for the polymerization, including oligomerization and codimerization, of olefins is provided by combining (A) zirconium, (B) a monophosphine electron donor ligand, and (C) a Lewis acid-reducing agent, in molar ratios of (B) to (A) of about 1 to 10:1 and (C) to (A) of about 1 to 40:1. Preferred catalyst components are zirconium acetylacetonate, triphenylphosphine or tri-n-butylphosphine and ethylaluminum sesquichloride. The catalyst composition of this invention may be employed in the dimerization of olefins such as propylene as well as in codimerization reactions, such as the preparation of heptenes from propylene and butenes.

Abstract: Improved methods for reducing the amounts of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines involving the use of catalysts comprising a major amount of crystalline magnesium aluminate spinel. Improved catalysts as well as improved methods for making the present catalyst are also included.

Abstract: A process for imparting a dark patina to the surface of an article formed from a low-melting alloy metal, the alloy metal being an alloy metal of two or more metals selected from the group consisting of Bi, Pb, Sn and Cd, comprising exposing the alloy metal surfaces of said article to an acid solution of a copper salt.