Abstract: During the manufacture of Josephson junction devices, it is necessary to provide superconducting layers for electrodes. During the manufacture of semiconductors, it is necessary to provide conductive paths and leads. A layer of conducting metal or superconducting metal may be vacuum deposited in such a manner that any predetermined pattern or shape of normally conducting metal is made transversely non-conducting. The layer metal which is transversely non-conductive is vacuum deposited in the presence of an inert gas at a pressure which is high enough to cause the evaporated and deposited metal to form islands of conductive metal separated by insulating voids to provide gross electrical anisotropy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for eliminating narrow band noise and interference from a wide band signal while maintaining the wide band signal substantially intact.

Abstract: There is shown and described a floating point processor having improved architecture and configuration. The floating point processor (FPP) performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and square root operations. Usually, the square root operation is not built into the FPP hardware because of the increased complexity of the design, and, therefore, cost of the goods. Rather, the square root operation is usually implemented by firmware or software. The device of this invention performs the floating point square root operation in hardware rather than in software or firmware while adding very little additional hardware to existing circuitry which is required for the basic addition, subtraction, multiplication and division operations. In addition, the operations are performed as rapidly as, or more rapidly than, prior art devices.

Abstract: A novel method of depositing the oxide barrier junction on a base electrode of a Josephson junction device is provided. An ionized oxygen plasma region is generated juxtaposed the surface of the base electrode to be oxidized. The pressure of the oxygen in the vacuum chamber is held at a predetermined high pressure where the zero voltage supercurrent is found to be independent of oxygen pressure variations and the flow of oxygen through the vacuum chamber is stabilized at the optimum minimum necessary for growth of the oxide barrier junction. The oxide barrier junctions so produced have consistent and predictable supercurrent densities.

Abstract: A color cathode ray tube is provided in a color monitor of a video display terminal. The red, green and blue color video input lines are connected to novel control circuits which permit the selection of several different shades of colors for the background or cursor. The circuits which control the background colors are pulse modulated to provide digital shade control of the background color selected and automatically control the color of the cursor so that a contrasting color is provided.

Abstract: There is shown and described a new and unique counter mechanism or circuit which includes feedback latches, in cascade, and which monitors a "carry-in" signal which selectively causes the latch to toggle. When the contents of the latch is a binary 1, the carry-in signal propagates through the counter as a "carry-out" signal. Counting by the circuit occurs when the count input and carry-in signals are active.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a rotating substrate holder is provided. The rotating substrate holder is hollow and adapted to receive liquid gas such as nitrogen to cool the substrate to cryogenic temperatures. The novel substrate holder is supported inside of a vacuum chamber by a thin wall tube which is sealed with a liquid rotating seal at the point where it passes completely through the top wall of the vacuum chamber. The novel thin wall tube support provides access to the hollow substrate holder from outside the vacuum chamber and provides temperature isolation of the liquid in the substrate holder so that the liquid rotating seals are maintained at operable elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A single Josephson junction device is arranged in a single branch which comprises an external source resistor connected in series with an output resistor and a Josephson junction device. An input node and an input resistor are in series and connected to the node between the output resistor and the Josephson junction device. Voltage signals applied to the input voltage node are amplified by connecting a high gain voltage output in parallel with the output resistor and providing sensing means for sensing the voltage output across the output resistor only when the Josephson junction device is switching from its low impedance state to its high impedance state.

Abstract: An improved method of anodization of thin films for the fabrication of superconducting devices. An electrically conducting contact layer is formed over a substrate between an electrically conducting object layer and the substrate. Also, an electrically insulating layer is formed between the object layer and the contact layer. The contact layer is connected to a power supply and at least a preselected portion of the object layer is anodized to a predetermined thickness. This may include anodizing all of some preselected portions through the complete thickness of the object layer. A pattern of hardened photoresist on the object layer provides portions not protected by the pattern. When anodization of the electrically conducting object layer takes place, the resulting anodized portion is thicker than the thickness of the portion of the object layer that it replaces.

Abstract: An optical projection viewing system of the type having a rotating lenticular screen mounted in an adjustable viewing housing is provided. The height of the front of the viewing housing is adjustable up and down to adjust to the proper eye level of the user. The optical path of the system is provided with structure which automatically changes the direction of the optical path to automatically adjust for height adjustment of the viewing housing.

Abstract: A method for high speed bonding of fine wires to electrodes includes a method of teaching the wire bonding tool the exact point of engagement of the bonding tool with the semiconductor. The bonding position point of engagement is employed to calculate a tolerance inflection point representative of the point in space where the bonding tool must start a constant velocity approach to the first bonding position. In similar manner, the point of engagement of the bonding tool with the semiconductor is determined and from that position a reset point is calculated representative of point in space where the bonding tool will start its rapid decelleration approach to the tolerance inflection point. The bonding tool may then be acceleration toward the bonding position with optimum speed without crashing into the semiconductor.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing drinking water from bacteria contaminated cold water is provided. The cold contaminated water is placed into a flexible collector having a sub-micron porous filter in the bottom. When the flexible collector is squeezed, the pressure forces the contaminated water through the filter and into a holding chamber. The drinkable filtered water is removed from the holding chamber through a sterile exit opening.

Abstract: A non-coherent receiving system is provided with a novel triple-bit matched filter detector system which provides two outputs indicative of the data stream being detected. A preliminary or soft decision is made concerning the state of the bits in the data stream. One of the outputs provides a best estimate of state of the data bit being detected and the other output provides the second best estimate of the state of the data bits being detected. The incoming data stream is processed and modified as it is shifted through a plurality of shift registers in real time employing the data bits subsequently detected. A controller is provided to make a plurality of predetermined evaluations of the state of the bits in the data stream and to provide a final or hard decision of the correct state of the data bits previously detected.

Abstract: During the manufacture of Josephson superconducting devices, it is necessary to provide on a substrate a base electrode, a counter electrode and a small tunnel barrier area therebetween. A novel method of making all three of these active elements in the same vacuum chamber without having to remove the substrate from the vacuum chamber is provided so that the tunnel barrier area is accurately made to a predetermined size and without the danger of contamination. The novel structure is made as a substantially planarized laminate in the vacuum chamber and the tunnel barrier area is defined in a supplemental step.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a novel method of making ultrasonic fine wire interconnections between pads on a semiconductor chip and lead out terminals which may be performed with commercially available computer controlled automatic wire bonding machines having an ultrasonic bonding tool holder. A capillary wedge bonding tool is employed which has an annular working face similar in cross-section to a conventional narrow face bonding wedge. When the second bond of an interconnecting wire is made, the capillary wedge bonding tool is moved away from the second bond to leave a small portion of the wire exposed out of the capillary wedge bonding tool. The wire is clamped and the bonding tool is then moved in a predetermined direction away from the second bond to break the wire and form a wire bonding tail.

Abstract: In a high speed data processing system, there is provided a circuit for shifting either right or left as data is transmitted to or from the main storage unit. Apparatus for high speed parallel byte shifting is connected to the data bus which connects the main storage unit to the system and comprises logic which selects predetermined byte lines. Information from the individually selected byte lines is temporarily stored in parallel buffer registers and subsequently returned to a different byte line to provide byte shifting without the requirement of shift registers or complex logic.

Abstract: In a digital data acquisition system, there is provided a coherent direct sequence spread spectrum receiving system. The coherent receiving system comprises an independent carrier tracking loop and three independent branches for detecting and locking on to a received psuedonoise data signal. The psuedonoise data signal being transmitted is provided with a time slot or discrete time portion during which no data is modulated onto the carrier. The carrier signal which is not phase modulated with digital data is tracked by the tracking loop so that the absolute phase of the carrier is never lost. The psuedonoise data signals are now recoverable in a coherent direct sequence spread spectrum receiver without the requirement of absolute phase determination or non-coherent detection.

Abstract: A ranging apparatus is provided having an encoded waveform signal which is generated by completely random sequence generator without second order statistics so that the waveform signal has a remote statistical probability of being analyzed. The modulated radio frequency waveform is transmitted to an object and the reflected signal is received by the ranging apparatus which comprises a digital solid state read-write memory arranged to have information written into the memory at a fixed frequency and arranged to have the information read out of the solid state read-write memory at a variable frequency to provide the equivalent of a rotating memory. The digital logic employed in the ranging apparatus is extremely accurate and not subject to drift and changes which could occur in analog type systems. The implementation of the ranging apparatus is accomplished with economical commercially available components thus providing an improved digital ranging apparatus.

Abstract: An intelligent terminal is provided having a small number of dedicated function keys, a telephone numerical key pad and an elongated visual line display mounted on a small flat terminal housing. Activation of the system causes the associated micro processor in the terminal housing to present a plurality of functions on the line display. Depression of a function key which is opposite one of the functions and dedicated to the key generates a signal indicative of the function key being depressed. The micro processor is programmed to present a different and new set of functions to said line display each time a function key is depressed until a result or answer is finally presented on said line display.