Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymaleic acid by polymerizing maleic anhydride in an aromatic hydrocarbon at from 60.degree. to 200.degree. C., using from 1 to 20% by weight, based on maleic anhydride, of peroxyesters derived from saturated or ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, as the polymerization initiators and hydrolyzing the polymer, the polymaleic acid thus obtained and the use of the polymaleic acid as an agent for reducing scale formation and hard water deposits in systems through which water flows.

Abstract: This invention relates to an aqueous gel comprising a specified capped polyether polymer and a surfactant. Preferred capped polyether polymers can be obtained by modifying a conventional polyether polyol with an alpha-olefin epoxide having an average of about 20 to 45 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to thickened fuctional fluids. The functional fluids can be used in hydraulic systems or as metalworking compositions to cool and lubricate surfaces which are in frictional contact during operations such as the turning, cutting, peeling, or grinding of metals.The functional fluid contains a diluent, a dialkyldithiophosphate, a compound which is a source of molybdate ion, a polyether nonionic surfactant, and an associative polyether thickener.

Abstract: Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate rigid foams having low thermal conductivity are prepared from isocyanate-terminated quasi-prepolymers prepared from polyester polyols derived from phthalic anhydride or from the transesterification of polyethylene terephthalate scrap.

Abstract: This invention relates to aliphatic or aromatic polycarboxylic acid esters as defined herein which are useful as base oils alone in lubricating oil compositions or in admixture with completely synthetic, partially synthetic, or mineral oil-based lubricant compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed are polyester polyols liquid at 25.degree. C., having an average functionality of from 2 to 3, a hydroxyl number of from 25 to 400, an acid number smaller than 10 and a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of from 200 to 10,000 mPas, which contain in bonded form units having at least one of the structures--O--CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--,--O--CH.sub.2 --CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--,--OC--CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CO--and--OC--CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--CH.sub.2 --CO--which are prepared by the polycondensation or transesterification of 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 2-ethyl-1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-glutaric acid and/or 2-ethyl succinic acid or their derivatives, optionally while using other organic polycarboxylic acids and multivalent aliphatic alcohols and are useful for preparing non-cellular or cellular polyurethane plastics or polyurethane-polyurea plastics.

Abstract: Disclosed are internal mold release agents for the preparation of molded articles using polyisocyanate addition polymerization, which are comprised of:(A) at least one ketimine, aldimine, enamine, cyclic Schiff base or a mixture of at least two of said compounds;(B) at least one metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms; and(C) optionally including at least one carboxylic acid, organic sulphonic acid, mineral acid, or amidosulphonic acid, and their use in preparing molded articles comprised of polyurethane-plastics, polyurea-plastics, polyurethane-polyurea-plastics, polyurethane-polyurea-polyamide-plastics, or polyurea-polyamide-plastics.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to compositions prepared by oxyalkylation of N-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-aniline as the initiator compound with one or more alkylene oxides at elevated temperatures and in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide. The resulting compositions have an unsymmetric structure with two functional groups, a secondary amino nitrogen and a hydroxyl group. The initiator compound reacts completely and removal of any residual initiator from the polyol is not required. When the subject invention polyol composition is reacted with an isocyanate, both urea and urethane groups form. The subject polyols may be used in the preparation of polyurethane products as well as nonionic and ionic surfactants.

Abstract: The invention relates to flame-resistant, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers containing a flame-retardant additive package comprising:(a) a compound selected from the group consisting of antimony trioxide, zinc borate and mixtures thereof,(b) a chlorinated polyethylene, and(c) a brominated aromatic compound, preferably selected from the group consisting of polytetrabromobis(phenol)-A-glycidyl ether), polytribromostyrene, and polytetrabromobis(phenol)-A-carbonate).The flame-retardant additive package may be incorporated into the starting components used to prepare the thermoplastic polyurethane prior to the reaction which forms the polyurethane, to the reaction mixture during the reaction, or to the finished thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers.The flame resistant, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers are suitable for the preparation of, for example, molded articles, films, sheets, and cable jackets.

Abstract: This invention relates to water based functional fluids and antiwear compositions for such functional fluids. The functional fluids can be used in hydraulic systems or as metal working compositions to cool and lubricate surfaces which are in frictional contact during operations such as the turning, cutting, peeling, or grinding of metals. More specifically, the invention relates to a novel antiwear composition for inclusion in functional fluids which comprises:(a) a metal dialkyldithiophosphate, and(b) certain primary amines.It has been found that this combination of certain primary amines with the metal dialkyldithiophosphate provides improved wear properties over the use of the metal dialkyldithiophosphate alone, particularly at higher operating pressures such as 2000 psig and above. The functional fluid would also contain(c) a thickener and optionally(d) a carboxylic compound; and(e) a surfactant.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1-dimethylcarbamoyl-3-t-butyl-5-(carboalkoxy)-alkylthio-1H-1,2,4-triazoles as defined herein, compositions containing those compounds and methods of use.

Abstract: This invention relates to moisture tempered, storage stable, single component polyurethane systems prepared from a polyurethane prepolymer derived from an aromatic polyisocyanate, and a polyaldimine, which are used for preparing polyurethane elastomers or polyurethane coatings having improved temperature resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of toluene diamine from dinitrotoluene involving hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene with hydrogen gas at elevated temperatures and super atmospheric pressure in the presence of a supported nickel catalyst and carbon monoxide ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 volume percent. The rate of hydrogenation, product quality and yield are improved when hydrogen spiked with small amounts of carbon monoxide was used.

Abstract: Polyethers having molecular weights of about 1000 to about 75,000 modified with alpha-olefin oxides having about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms exhibit increased thickening efficiency in aqueous systems. About 1 to about 20 percent by weight based upon the weight of the polyether is required, the proportion of alpha-olefin oxide modifier varying inversely with the molecular weight of the polyether. Modified polyethers, processes for the preparation of thickened aqueous systems, and thickened aqueous compositions are disclosed. The modified polyether thickening agents of the invention are particularly useful for thickening water or water-glycol mixtures which are useful as hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of cellular or non-cellular polyurethane-polyurea molded articles. The new process involves the use of urethane and isocyanurate group modified 2,4- and/or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate mixtures as the polyisocyanate component to improve the flowability of the reaction mixture without adversely affecting the mechanical properties of the resulting molded articles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing high temperature-resistant dense or cellular polyurethane elastomers by reacting the following, preferably using low-pressure processing techniques:(a) organic polyisocyanates, preferably in the form of isocyanate group-containing prepolymers and/or modified urethane group-containing organic polyisocyanates, with(b) relatively high molecular weight compounds having at least 2 reactive hydrogen atoms,(c) urea derivatives and, optionally,(d) chain extenders and/or cross-linking agents in the presence of(e) catalysts and, optionally,(f) blowing agents(g) auxiliaries and/or additiveswherein amino and/or hydroxyl group-substituted ureas and/or polyureas having molecular weights from 200 to 4000 are also used as the urea derivatives. Said ureas and/or polyureas are prepared by reacting organic diisocyanates with primary aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic diamines and/or alkanolamines in molar ratios of from 1:1.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel insecticidal 6-aryl-pyridine-thiosemicarbazones, compositions containing those compounds, methods of using said compounds and compositions.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to acidizing concentrates used to prepare acidizing systems for oil and gas recovery. The additives comprise:(a) a C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 aliphatic alcohol, and(b) a polyether nonionic surfactant having the following structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R is the residue of an aliphatic alcohol having 2 to 10 carbon atoms resulting from the oxyalkylation of a corresponding aliphatic alcohol having a functionality equal to n, and n has a value of 2 to 3; and wherein X and Y are numbers such that the ratio of X to Y is from 8:1 to 0.31 in the total molecular weight of the molecule is from 1,000 to 15,000.

Abstract: The invention relates to elimination of discoloration in polyurethanes, particularly thermoplastic polyurethanes, by the addition to the reaction mixture from 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for optimizing the properties of aqueous polymer solutions used for polymer flooding which comprises treating the polymer solutions under turbulent flow conditions in dynamic fluid dispersing or pumping equipment such that the residence time of the polymer solution in this equipment is less than approximately 20 seconds and the pump energy used is from about 1 to about 15 watts/liter of solution processed.This process permits the optimization of flow properties important in polymer flooding which results in the improved efficiency of the polymer flooding process.