Abstract: A catalyst prepared by the steps which comprise: (a) adding to an asphaltene-containing hydrocarbonaceous oil charge stock an oil-insoluble metal compound and water; (b) converting the oil-insoluble metal compound within the charge stock by heating the oil to a temperature from about 120.degree. F. (43.degree. C.) to about 500.degree. F. (260.degree. C.) to produce an organometallic compound within the charge stock; and (c) converting the organometallic compound within the charge stock under hydroconversion conditions to produce the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process which comprises: (a) contacting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a propensity to form 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds and a liquid recycle stream in a hydrocracking zone with added hydrogen and a metal promoted hydrocracking catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure sufficient to convert a substantial portion of the feedstock to lower boiling hydrocarbon products; (b) partially condensing the hydrocarbon effluent from the hydrocracking zone to produce a gaseous hydrocarbon stream comprising hydrogen, and an unconverted hydrocarbon stream having components boiling above about 400.degree. F. (204.degree. C.) and comprising trace quantities of 11.sup.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds comprising a component selected from the group consisting of halogen, metal, sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen from a hydrocarbonaceous stream which comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous stream with an adsorbent to remove at least a portion of the hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the hydrocarbonaceous stream to provide a hydrocarbonaceous stream having a reduced concentration of hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (b) contacting spent adsorbent with an elution solvent to remove the hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the spent adsorbent thereby regenerating the adsorbent; (c) contacting the elution solvent in admixture with the hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst; (d) contacting the effluent with an aqueous scrubbing solution; (e) introducing a resulting admixture of the reaction zone effluent and the aqueous scrubbing solu

Abstract: A catalyst prepared by the steps which comprise: (a) adding to an asphaltene-containing hydrocarbonaceous oil charge stock an oil-insoluble metal compound and a low molecular weight alcohol; (b) converting the oil-insoluble metal compound within the charge stock by heating the oil to a temperature from about 120.degree. F. (43.degree. C.) to about 450.degree. F. (232.degree. C.) to produce an organometallic compound within the charge stock; and (c) converting the organometallic compound within the charge stock by reacting under hydroconversion conditions to produce the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process which comprises: (a) contacting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a propensity to form heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds and a liquid recycle stream in a hydrocracking zone to convert a substantial portion of the hydrocarbonaceous components in the feedstock to lower boiling products; (b) recovering a hydrocarbon effluent from the hydrocracking zone and partially condensing the hydrocarbon effluent from the hydrocracking zone and separating the same into a lower boiling hydrocarbon product stream and an unconverted hydrocarbon stream having at least a portion boiling above about 400.degree. F. (204.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous hydroconversion of a first feedstock comprising unsaturated, halogenated organic compounds and a second feedstock comprising saturated, halogenated organic compounds which process comprises: (a) contacting the first feedstock comprising unsaturated, halogenated organic compounds with hydrogen in a first hydrogenation reaction zone operated at hydrogenation conditions selected to minimize the polymerization of unsaturated organic compounds and to produce a first hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous stream; (b) contacting at least a portion of the first hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous stream and the second feedstock comprising saturated, halogenated organic compounds with hydrogen in a second hydrogenation reaction zone operated at hydrogenation conditions selected to produce a second hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous stream and to generate at least one water-soluble hydrogen halide compound; (c) contacting the resulting effluent from the second hydrogenation zone containing hydrogenated hy

Abstract: A process for treating a hydrocarbonaceous stream containing a non-distillable component to produce a hydrogenated distillable hydrocarbonaceous product while minimizing thermal degradation of the hydrocarbonaceous stream which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous stream with a hot first hydrogen-rich gaseous stream having a temperture greater than the hydrocarbonaceous stream in a flash zone at flash conditions thereby increasing the temperature of the hydrocarbonaceous stream without indirect heat exchange and vaporizing at least a portion thereof to provide a hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprising hydrogen and a heavy stream comprising the non-distillable component; (b) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprising hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrogenation reaction zone at hydrogenation conditions to increase the hydrogen content of the hydrocarbonaceous compounds contained in the hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream; (c) condensing at least a portion

Abstract: A process for treating a temperature-sensitive hydrocarbonaceous stream containing a non-distillable component to produce a hydrogenated distillable hydrocarbonaceous product and a heavy product comprising the non-distillable component while minimizing thermal degradation of the hydrocarbonaceous stream which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous stream with a first hydrogen-rich gaseous stream having a temperature greater than the hydrocarbonaceous stream in a flash zone at flash conditions thereby increasing the temperature of the hydrocarbonaceous stream with minimal thermal degradation and vaporizing at least a portion thereof to provide a hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprising hydrogen and a heavy product comprising the non-distillable component; (b) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprising hydrogen recovered from step (a) without intermediate separation with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrogenation reaction zone at hydrogenation conditions to increase

Abstract: A catalytic hydrocracking process which comprises: (a) contacting a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock having a propensity to form 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds and a liquid recycle stream in a hydrocracking zone with added hydrogen and a metal promoted hydrocracking catalyst at elevated temperature and pressure sufficient to gain a substantial conversion to lower boiling products; (b) partially condensing the hydrocarbon effluent from the hydrocracking zone and separating the same into a lower boiling hydrocarbon product stream and an unconverted hydrocarbon stream boiling above about 400.degree. F. (204.degree. C.) and comprising trace quantities of 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds; (c) introducing at least a portion of the unconverted hydrocarbon stream boiling above about 400.degree. F. (204.degree. C.) and comprising trace quantities of 11.sup.+ ring heavy polynuclear aromatic compounds into a 11.sup.

Abstract: A process for detoxifying a high aqueous content hazardous waste stream having a water content greater than about 70 weight percent and comprising halogenated hydrocarbonaceous compounds which comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hazardous waste stream containing halogenated hydrocarbonaceous compounds in the presence of hydrogen and in the absence of a basic compound with a hydrogenation catalyst comprising a refractory support and at least one metal having hydrogenation activity and which metal is selected from the metals of Groups VI-B and VIII of the Periodic Table in a hydrotreating reaction zone operated at conditions selected to hydrogenate at least a portion of the halogenated hydrocarbonaceous compounds which conditions include a pressure from about 100 psig (2068 kPa gauge) to about 5000 psig (34475 kPa gauge), a maximum catalyst temperature from about 250.degree. F. (121.degree. C.) to about 850.degree. F. (454.degree. C.) and a hydrogen circulation rate from about 200 SCFB (35.6 std. m.sup.

Abstract: A process for the production of hydrogen-enriched hydrocarbonaceous products which process comprises: (a) converting a heavy, asphaltene-containing hydrocarbonaceous residual oil, wherein at least 80% of the residual oil boils above 650.degree. F. (343.degree. C.), in the presence of hydrogen and a particulate catalyst at residual oil conversion conditions in a reaction zone to produce a liquid effluent stream comprising particulate catalyst and normally liquid hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (b) contacting at least a portion of the liquid effluent stream from step (a) with water and a hydrocarbonaceous solvent comprising at least one aromatic hydrocarbon; and (c) gravitationally separating the resulting admixture from step (b) into a solvent phase comprising the normally liquid hydrocarbonaceous compounds and essentially free of solids, and an aqueous phase comprising essentially all of the particulate catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the dehydrogenation of a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon feedstock having small quantities of higher boiling range hydrocarbons which comprises: (a) introducing the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon feedstock into a fractionation zone having at least a portion of reflux to a fractionation column supplied by the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon feedstock to provide a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon stream having a reduced concentration of higher boiling range hydrocarbons and a stream comprising the higher boiling range hydrocarbons; (b) introducing the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon stream having a reduced concentration of higher boiling range hydrocarbon recovered in step (a) into a dehydrogenation zone containing dehydrogenation catalyst and operated at dehydrogenation conditions to provide a hydrocarbon stream comprising dehydrogenated hydrocarbons and unconverted dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons; (c) separating the hydrocarbon stream comprising dehydrogenated hydrocarbons and unconverted dehydrogenatable hydroc

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous hydroconversion of a first feedstock comprising unsaturated, halogenated organic compounds and a second feedstock comprising saturated, halogenated organic compounds which process comprises: (a) contacting the first feedstock comprising unsaturated, halogenated organic compounds with a first dried hydrogen-rich gas stream in a first hydrogenation reaction zone operated at hydrogenation conditions selected to minimize the polymerization of unsaturated organic compounds and to produce a first hydrogenated stream comprising hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (b) reacting at least a portion of the first hydrogenated stream comprising hydrocarbonaceous compounds and the second feedstock comprising saturated, halogenated organic compounds with hydrogen in a second hydrogenation reaction zone operated at hydrogenation conditions selected to produce a second hydrogenated stream comprising hydrocarbonaceous compounds and to generate at least one water-soluble hydrogen halide compound; (c) cont

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous hydroconversion of a first feedstock comprising unsaturated, halogenated organic compounds and a second feedstock comprising saturated, halogenated organic compounds which process comprises: (a) reacting the first feedstock comprising unsaturated, halogenated organic compounds with hydrogen in a first hydrogenation reaction zone operated at hydrogenation conditions selected to minimize the polymerization of unsaturated organic compounds and to produce a first hydrogenated stream comprising hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (b) reacting at least a portion of the first hydrogenated stream comprising hydrocarbonaceous compounds and the second feedstock comprising saturated, halogenated organic compounds with hydrogen in a second hydrogenated reaction zone operated at hydrogenation conditions selected to produce a second hydrogenated stream comprising hydrocarbonaceous compounds and to generate at least one water-soluble inorganic halide compound; (c) contacting the resulting effluent fr

Abstract: A process for the simultaneous hydroconversion of a first feestock comprising unsaturated, halogenated organic compounds and a second feedstock comprising saturated, halogenated organic compounds which process comprises: (a) contacting the first feedstock comprising unsaturated, halogenated organic compounds with hydrogen in a first hydrogenation reaction zone (b) contacting at least a portion of the first hydrogenated stream and the second feedstock comprising saturated, halogenated organic compounds with hydrogen in a second hydrogenation reaction zone; (c) contacting the resulting effluent from the second hydrogenation zone comprising hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous compounds, residual trace quantities of halogenated organic compounds, a hydrogen-rich gas and at least one water-soluble hydrogen halide compound with a halide-lean absorber solution in an absorption zone; (d) withdrawing a halide-rich absorber solution containing at least a portion of the water-soluble hydrogen halide compound from the absorpt

Abstract: A process for treating a temperature-sensitive hydrocarbonaceous stream containing a non-distillable component and a distillable, hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous fraction to produce a selected hydrogenated distillable light hydrocarbonaceous product, a distillable heavy hydrocarbonaceous liquid product and a heavy product comprising the non-distillable component while minimizing thermal degradation of the temperature-sensitive hydrocarbonaceous stream which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the temperature-sensitive hydrocarbonaceous stream with a hot first hydrogen-rich gaseous stream having a temperature greater than the hydrocarbonaceous stream in a flash zone at flash conditions thereby increasing the temperature of the hydrocarbonaceous stream and vaporizing at least a portion thereof to provide a first hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprising hydrogen and a first heavy product stream comprising the non-distillable component; (b) condensing at least a protion of the first hydrocarbonaceous

Abstract: This invention pertains to the field of producing ammonia. More specifically, the present invention relates to reducing the costs of producing a unit amount of ammonia, particularly the energy costs, by the utilization of an enhanced boiling surface in the refrigeration zone of the process.

Abstract: A continuous process for hydrocarbon conversion wherein a hydrocarbon charge stock is catlytically converted in the presence of hydrogen at hydrocarbon conversion conditions including a first inlet temperature, a first hydrogen to hydrocarbon mole ratio and a first mass flow rate of hydrocarbon into a hydrocarbon product stream in a high space velocity moving bed radial flow reactor containing catalyst wherein at least a portion of the catalyst is pinned and thereby immobilized during high space velocity conversion which process comprises: (a) reducing the first inlet temperature of the reactor by about 10.degree. F. (5.5.degree. C.) to about 100.degree. F. (55.5.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for operating a fluid catalytic cracking unit comprising a regeneration zone and a reaction zone with a relatively reduced temperature in the regeneration zone while processing a hydrocarbon feedstock having a 50 volume percent distillation temperature greater than about 500.degree. F. which method comprises contacting the feedstock in a reaction zone with a mixture of regenerated fluidizable cracking catalyst and fluidizable low coke make solid particles comprising a refractory inorganic oxide in a ratio of low coke make solid particles to cracking catalyst from about 1:100 to about 10:1, the low coke made solid particles having a surface area of less than about 5 m.sup.2 /g and a coke making capability of less than about 0.

Abstract: A process for hydrogenating a hydrocarbonaceous charge stock containing nitrogen, sulfur or halogen-based impurities which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous charge stock in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrogenation reaction zone to simultaneously increase the hydrogen content of the hydrocarbonaceous charge stock and to generate at least one water-soluble inorganic compound produced from the reaction of said nitrogen, sulfur or halogen-based impurities in said hydrocarbonaceous charge stock and the hydrogen; (b) contacting the reaction zone effluent containing hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous compounds and at least one said water-soluble inorganic compound with a fresh aqueous scrubbing solution; (c) introducing a resulting admixture of the reaction zone effluent and the aqueous scrubbing solution into a separation zone to provide a hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous stream and a spent aqueous scrubbing solution stream containing at least a portion