Abstract: An anisotropic hollow fiber membrane is utilized to sample fluids for selected substances by convective flow of liquid and such substances, with conduct of the liquid to a sensor for analysis for such substances, to permit monitoring, particularly of body fluids, for such substances with short response times.

Abstract: Hydroxyibuprofen is produced in good yield by reduction of p-isobutylacetophenone at the cathode in the presence of carbon dioxide. Hydroxyibuprofen is readily hydrogenolyzed to ibuprofen. Electrochemical carboxylation of other selected aryl methyl ketones is also effected.

Abstract: Novel, liquid mixtures of isomeric aldehydes and alcohols are described in the C.sub.11 -C.sub.16 carbon range, the compounds being characterized by a main carbon branched at the position and moderate additional branching in most isomers; the aldehyde mixtures are prepared by an economic route from olefins involving oxo and aldol reaction with the reaction conducted in such a way as to give a high percentage of aldolable product, and preferably with a base catalyzed aldol reaction conducted under conditions to make high conversions attainable. The aldehyde mixtures can be hydrogenated to alcohols and converted to novel ethoxylates or sulfate compositions suitable for use as biodegradable detergents; or hydrogenated and oxidized to novel carboxylic acid compositions also suitable for detergent use.

Abstract: Hydroxyibuprofen is produced in good yield by reduction of p-isobutylacetophenone at the cathode in the presence of carbon dioxide. Hydroxyibuprofen is readily hydrogenolyzed to ibuprofen.

Abstract: Processes are given for which a microcrystalline support having a noble metal located within its pores, is used as a permselective catalyst to oxidize formaldehyde and similar materials while avoiding poisoning by N-phosphonomethylamines. The permselective catalyst can be used as a co-catalyst with activated carbons in the oxidation of N-phosphonomethyliminodiacetic acid to N-phosphonomethylglycine.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for preparation of N-aryl-S,S-dihydrocarbylsulfilimines by reaction of phenylisocyanate compounds with hydrocarbyl sulfoxides. The sulfilimines can be rearranged to ortho-thioalkylene anilines and the reactions can be employed in a route for converting nitrobenzene compounds to ortho-thioalkylene anilines, which are useful intermediates for preparation of herbicidal compounds.

Abstract: In processes for reacting acetic acid with butadiene in solvent to prepare acetoxyhexenoic acid and .gamma.-vinyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone, involving electrolytic regeneration of a metal ion oxidant such as trivalent manganese, the product separation is facilitated by using low melting electrolyte salts and separating product from salts maintained in a molten state.

Abstract: Butadiene and acetic acid are reacted with a metal salt oxidant in molten salt medium to form .gamma.-vinyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone. The process includes electrolytic regeneration of the oxidant and provides a simple reaction system which permits product recovery and reactant recycle without extensive solvent handling. A high surface area reactor can be employed.

Abstract: Subvalent organic halide compounds of variable, non-integral stoichiometry are described. Related subvalent double cation, halide compounds of variable non-integral stoichiometry are described where the double cation is comprised of an organic cation in combination with a single valent transition metal.

Abstract: In the process of preparing acetoxyhexenoic acids from butadiene, acetic acid and acetic anhydride, selectivity is improved by converting the acetoxyhexenoic acids to .gamma.-vinyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone before isolation. Copper and platinum are useful catalysts in the conversion.

Abstract: A novel, liquid mixture of C.sub.14 isomeric alcohols is described which is suitable for use in forming effective and biodegradable detergents, the alcohols being characterized by a 5-carbon branch at the 2-position and moderate additional branching in most isomers; the alcohols are prepared by a novel economic route from propylene dimer, involving oxo, aldol and hydrogenation reactions with the oxo reaction conducted in such a way as to give a high percentage of aldolable product and preferably with a base-catalyzed aldol reaction conducted under particular conditions to make high conversions attainable.

Abstract: A thermal energy storage system for absorption of heat from a heat source having a temperature above a predetermined temperature and release of heat to a heat sink having a temperature below the predetermined temperature. The system comprises a heat storage mass comprising a condensed state material which changes between the solid and liquid phases at about the predetermined temperature and a compartment for containing the heat storage mass. The compartment includes means providing an area for transfer of heat between a fluid and the material. The material may be an aliphatic diamine corresponding to the general formulaH.sub.2 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NH.sub.2where n is an integer between 4 and 14 inclusive, bis(hexamethylene)triamine, 3-aminobutylcyclohexylamine or p-phenylenediamine. Mixtures of these amines with each other may be used, particularly including certain eutectic mixtures having melting points near room temperature.

Abstract: Hemi-formals are reacted with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of certain rhodium catalysts to form glycol aldehyde.

Abstract: orthoAlkyl-orthotrifluoromethyl-2-chloroacetanilides and related compounds are prepared by electrolytic reduction with sulfide cleavage of benzylsulfonium salts with requisite chloroacetylamino and trifluoromethyl substituents on the benzyl group. The compounds are useful as intermediates for conversion to herbicidal compounds.

Abstract: Formaldehyde is reacted with hydrogen and carbon monoxide with rhodium catalyst in the presence of phosphine ligands having electron-withdrawing substituents, obtaining high selectivity to glycol aldehyde with a stable catalyst system.

Abstract: The acid conversion of certain precursors, e.g. .gamma.-vinyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone, to sorbic acid is improved by presence of copper or silver ions along with the acid.

Abstract: Electrolytic processes in which separate useful reactions are conducted at an anode and cathode, respectively, by electrolysis of an anolyte at an anode and a catholyte at the cathode wherein the anolyte and catholyte are of different composition and are prevented from contacting the cathode and anode, respectively, during electrolysis without the use of selective permeable membranes or permeable partitions.

Abstract: Hydrogen cyanide is produced from ammonia and carbon monoxide, or gases containing these compounds, while substantially avoiding the water shift reaction, by passing these compounds in contact with catalyst masses (for example, alumina-silica molecular sieves) having a high protonic acid content. Protonic acid content can be measured by ammonium acetate titration.

Abstract: A sample spinner for a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer having improved operating characteristics is described comprising a rotor supported at both ends by support gas bearings and positioned by a thrust gas bearing. Improved support gas bearings are also described which result in a spinner exhibiting long-term stable operation characteristics.

Abstract: A double-tuned single coil probe for a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer having improved sensitivity is described comprising a double-tuned circuit means in which the low frequency irradiation is fed to a transmission line through an inductor means. The double-tuned circuit means of the invention may be remotely disposed from the magnetic field which results in greater sensitivity.