Abstract: A four quadrant leadframe, base and window assembly and assembly method therefor are disclosed which are suited for fabrication of leaded integrated circuit (IC) chip carriers having electrical contacts on all four sides of the package, lead spacing as small as 0.020 inch, and lead counts exceeding 164 total leads.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for using an AC detection network analyzer with either a pulsed RF or a CW source signal is disclosed. An AC/DC detector is placed between an AC detection network analyzer and a device under test. If a source signal is a pulsed RF signal the AC/DC detector can be switched to transform the pulsed RF signal to produce an AC signal for the network analyzer. If the signal source is a CW signal, the AC/DC detector can be switched to rectify the CW signal, modulate the CW signal, sample the CW signal, and filter the CW signal. This will also produce the AC signal for the network analyzer.

Abstract: A precision vector network analyzer which is suitable for a wide range of applications including both laboratory and automated production measurements and testing is disclosed. New measurement capabilities, greater ease of use, and nearly complete automation are provided. Contributions include fully coordinated communications between subsystem modules; real time, two channel, precision vector measurements with complete, internal error correction; wide frequency capability from RF to millimeter bands; combined time and frequency domain analysis and display; measurements either in the swept or step frequency modes; and user definable test functions and calibration device sets.

Abstract: A precision vector network analyzer which is suitable for a wide range of applications including both laboratory and automated production measurements and testing is disclosed. New measurement capabilities, greater ease of use, and nearly complete automation are provided. Contributions include fully coordinated communications between subsystem modules; real time, two channel, precision vector measurements with complete, internal error correction; wide frequency capability from RF to millimeter bands; combined time and frequency domain analysis and display; measurements either in the swept or step frequency modes; and user definable test functions and calibration device sets.

Abstract: A precision vector network analyzer which is suitable for a wide range of applications including both laboratory and automated production measurements and testing is disclosed. New measurement capabilities, greater ease of use, and nearly complete automation are provided. Contributions include fully coordinated communications between subsystem modules; real time, two channel, precision vector measurements with complete, internal error correction; wide frequency capability from RF to millimeter bands; combined time and frequency domain analysis and display; measurements either in the swept or step frequency modes; and user definable test functions and calibration device sets.

Abstract: A composite film is provided which has a first layer of WSi.sub.x, where x is greater than 2, over which is disposed a second layer of a tungsten complex consisting substantially of tungsten with a small amount of silicon therein, typically less than 5%. Both layers are deposited in situ in a cold wall chemical vapor deposition chamber at a substrate temperature of between 500.degree. and 550.degree. C. Before initiating the deposition process for these first and second layers, the substrate onto which they are to be deposited is first plasma etched with NF.sub.3 as the reactant gas, then with H.sub.2 as the reactant gas, both steps being performed at approximately 100 to 200 volts self-bias. WSi.sub.

Abstract: In accordance with the preferred embodiments of the invention, provided is a hermetic ceramic/glass enclosure for encapsulating semiconductor components which reduces the internal cavity moisture and contamination levels, has a stronger package seal and a lower sealing temperature than hermetic ceramic/glass enclosures currently used. Included in the first embodiment is a lower substrate, with a conductive leadframe attached thereto via devitrified glass and a layer of vitreous glass on the leadframe for attaching a cap which also includes a layer of vitreous glass. To seal the enclosure, the cap is heated to a temperature T1 above the melting point of the vitreous glass, and the lower substrate, is maintained at a temperature high enough to bond to the vitreous layer on the cap on contact, but low enough to eliminate damage to the semiconductor component and additional Gold-Silicon eutectic formation between the semiconductor component and the enclosure lower substrate.

Abstract: A CRT calibration system is provided having a CRT with a display screen, an electron gun system, and a plurality of feedback elements. Each feedback element has an active area disposed proximately to the display screen at a preselected location such that an electron beam from the electron gun system can strike at least a portion of the active area. In response to being struck by electrons, each feedback element provides a feedback signal related to the area of the portion struck. The system also includes a detector system for detecting each feedback signal, and an integrating analog-to-analog converter which, in response, provides a digital signal related to the portion of the active area struck and thereby to the position of the electron beam relative to the particular feedback element interrogated.

Abstract: A composite sputtering target is provided which is constructed of a non-magnetic sputtering material bonded to a magnetic backing material. A magnetic field is provided through the backing material by a magnetic system, so that the backing material and magnetic system form a closed flux path. During sputtering the magnetic system is operated at a high enough field strength to saturate the backing plate. This saturation causes a fringing field over the non-magnetic target similar to that obtained with magnetic target systems. In another embodiment, the return path for magnetic flux beneath the target material is a permanent part of the magnetic system instead of being permanently attached to the target material as a backing for support.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for dispensing degradable beverages, such as wine, from a pressure-intolerant container such as a glass bottle, while insuring that gaseous contaminants such as oxygen cannot enter the bottle. In the system provided, a pressure-limiting gas container admits a non-degrading gas into the bottle under a safe dispensing pressure to dispense the beverage. The apparatus is configured (and the method steps are arranged) to insure that no pressure substantially higher than the dispensing pressure can ever be present in the bottle, even upon failure of any or all pressure-limiting elements in the system. Between dispensing episodes, air and other contaminants are excluded from the bottle by means of structure, including suitably arranged, quick-acting, self-closing valves.

Abstract: Provided is a design for a terminated R.F./microwave Wheatstone bridge and a precision termination which can be used therewith.

Abstract: A bi-directional pen plotter includes two pen stables and a pen holder located between the two pen stables for snatching a pen from either pen stable and for inserting a pen into either pen stable. There are four distinct stops to the motion of the pen holder at each pen stable depending on the four possible combinations of pen locations. Measuring the relative distances travelled by the pen holder in an initialization procedure the positions of all of the pens in the system may be determined uniquely.

Abstract: A reflecting telescope is provided in which a meniscus lens corrects for coma of the primary parabolic reflecting mirror, and also for coma and spherical aberration of an eyepiece, when an eyepiece is used. The meniscus lens may be formed from a plano-concave lens and a plano-convex lens positioned with their planar sides mutually parallel.

Abstract: A pen-lift system is provided which can achieve high speed plotting while maintaining line definition of drafting quality. The system includes a pen-lift mechanism for raising and lowering the pen, a pressure control system in order to provide a constant pen force for different kinds of pens, a velocity controller for varying the vertical velocity of the pen in response to changes in platen height and relative lateral pen position, and a position controller for sensing the present pen height relative to the platen and for actuating the pen-lift mechanism to achieve the desired pen-lift heights for different plotting situations.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for obtaining very high quality films by chemical vapor deposition in situations where the deposition is mass transport limited. In accordance with the preferred embodiments, there is provided a vacuum housing which is actively cooled to a temperature below which deposition occurs, while at the same time the wafers are being heated to cause deposition at the wafer surfaces. Also provided are mixing chamber systems to ensure that reactant gases are well mixed and distributed evenly over each wafer surface. Mass transport control is further enhanced by provided an exhaust manifold which scavenges reactant gases from locations distributed throughout the system to achieve an even exhaust. Also provided is a method for depositing silicon-rich tungsten silicides using the above apparatus.

Abstract: A gauge for use in measuring the protrusion of a head from the surface of a video recorder is disclosed. The gauge is a universal gauge which can accurately and reproducibly measure head protrusion on any video recorder without the need of precision aligned mounting holes. The necessary accuracy is achieved by a unique double pivot design along with a universal mounting scheme. A novel mechanism is also provided to aid in visual alignment of the gauge and to provide a positive indication of misalignment by the user.

Abstract: A vapor deposition system is provided which uses electromagnetic radiation for heating of a semiconductor wafer. The source of the electromagnetic radiation is typically a lamp having a color temperature corresponding to a wavelength in the range of 0.3 to 0.9 micrometers, and generally for a particular semiconductor to an energy greater than the energy required to cause transitions from the valence band to the conduction band of the semiconductor material used to construct the wafer and more preferably to a color temperature corresponding to an energy substantially at or above the energy required for direct (vertical) transitions from the valence band to the conduction band, thereby providing very high absorption of the incident radiation and very efficient direct heating of the wafer. No substrate is required for conducting heat to the wafer. The radiation is directed by a reflector through a window forming one side of the deposition chamber and impinges directly on the surface of the wafer.

Abstract: A solar collector is provided in which a focussing element precisely focusses solar radiation upon a collecting region of a collecting element during all times of the day, without necessitating daily motion of the focussing element. The collecting region is constructed to be more highly absorbing of the solar radiation than any other region of the collector which might be in thermal contact with the collecting region.In some embodiments, the collecting region is a self-defined portion of the collecting element upon which the solar radiation is focussed at any given time. This is achieved by utilizing a collecting element which locally converts incident solar energy to another form of energy in a non-linear manner as a function of incident solar intensity. For example, the collecting element may be fabricated from a photochromic glass which darkens when impinged upon by the focussed radiation of the sun.

Abstract: Provided in a first embodiment of the invention is a writing implement having built-in illumination which includes a tubular pen body dimensioned to contain a small battery in contact with a terminal lightbulb. The lightbulb is held in place axially in the pen body typically by a corrugated metal bulb holder and by a translucent spacer extending to the end of the pen body where a marking element is located and opposite the end disposed to contain the battery. A metal spring-clip having a sliding portion mounted externally to the pen body is attached through the pen body wall and is disposed to make electrical contact with the battery therein. The sliding portion is free to slide down the exterior of the pen body wall and to make contact with the bulb holder through a hole in the pen body wall, thereby completing the circuit between the bulb and the battery using the length of the spring-clip as a primary conductive element in the system.

Abstract: A thermal ink jet print head is provided having a new and improved barrier design. Two barriers are provided for each resistor, the barriers partially surrounding the resistor. The barriers are spaced apart to provide ink feed channels to the resistor and are arranged to impart angular momentum to the ink relative to the resistor during refill on bubble collapse.