Abstract: Severely sterically hindered secondary aminoether alcohols are prepared by a process comprising reacting a ketene with sulfuric acid to produce an anhydride which is then reacted with, to cleave the ring of, a dioxane to yield a cleavage product which is then aminated using an amine, followed by hydrolysis with a base to yield the desired severely sterically hindered secondary aminoether alcohol.

Abstract: This invention is a fuel composition having a sulphur content of ?50 ppm by weight and comprising ?50 ppm by weight of at least one fused polycyclic aromatic compound which has at least one hetero-atom selected from O and N either (a) as a heterocyclic group, or, (b) as an exocyclic group in which the hetero-atom is attached either directly or through one other carbon atom to a ring carbon atom wherein the fused polycyclic aromatic compound is substituted on at least one of its ring carbon atoms by a C1-C4 alkyl group. These compounds are capable of improving the antiwear and lubricity properties of a low sulphur fuels, especially diesel fuels, when compared with the performance of the same fuel in the absence of such compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a diesel fuel composition having enhanced lubricity, said composition comprising a major amount of a diesel fuel as base fuel blended with a minor amount of a nitrogen rich fraction characterised in that the nitrogen rich fraction is derived from a source material selected from (i) a solvent extract of a solid or semi-solid natural fossil, or, (ii) a refinery process stream or blend, the sulphur to nitrogen atom ratio in the nitrogen rich fraction being less than 4. The nitrogen rich fraction has an absolute nitrogen content of at least 1000 ppm by weight and this fraction is (re)blended with the base fuel is no more than 1% by weight of the total fuel composition. Methods of separating, recovering and reblending such naturally occurring nitrogen compounds can be installed or retrofitted at existing refinery and crude oil processing facilities without any substantial increase in production costs.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for reducing combustion chamber deposits (CCD) and/or intake valve deposits (IVD) in spark ignition internal combustion engines. A succinic acid derivative (SAD) of this invention or a mixture with at least one additional component of this invention is added to a liquid hydrocarbon or liquid hydrocarbon-oxygenate gasoline each in an amount of about 0.0005–0.5 wt % of the gasoline. Preferably the gasoline is unleaded. The preferred additional components include polyethers (PE), polyolefin butyrolactam derivatives (BLD), butyrolactam alkoxylates (BLA), tridecanol alkoxylate derivatives (TAD) and polyisobutylene amine (PIBA).

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for reducing combustion chamber deposits (CCD) and/or intake valve deposits (IVD) in spark ignition internal combustion engines. A butyrolactam alkoxylate (BLA) and/or a butyrolactam derivative (BLD) of this invention or a mixture with at least one additional compound of this invention is added to a liquid hydrocarbon or liquid hydrocarbon-oxygenate gasoline each in an amount of about 0.0005-0.5 wt % of the gasoline. Preferably the gasoline is unleaded. The preferred additional components include polyethers (PE) and polyisobutylene amine (PIBA).

Abstract: A gas engine oil of enhanced life as evidenced by a reduction in viscosity increase, oxidation, nitration. TAN increase, and TBN depletion comprises a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and at minor amount of a phenolic anti oxidant and a viscosity index improver, but excluding amine type anti oxydants.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high performance asphalt comprising a mixture of low to moderate performance asphalt with linear or branch chain alkyl substituted aromatic sulfonic acid. The high performance asphalt is made by mixing the low to moderate performance asphalt with 1 to 10 wt % linear or branched chain C8–C48 alkyl substituted aromatic sulfonic acid at a temperature of 175° C. and less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricant oil composition, having enhanced wear-preventive characteristics for a diesel engine operating with large quantities of soot in the oil (soot content: 0.2 to 4.0 wt. %), and is especially suitable for a pressure-accumulating (common rail) type diesel engine equipped with an EGR system. The lubricant oil composition containing a base oil composed of a mineral and/or synthetic oil incorporated with at least three additives that are a sulfurized oxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate at 0.03 to 0.50 wt. % as Mo; a zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate at 0.04 to 0.50 wt. % as P; and at least one metallic salt of alkyl salicylate selected from the group consisting of a Ca salt of alkyl salicylate at 0.004 to 1.0 wt. % as Ca, Mg salt of alkyl salicylate at 0.002 to 0.60 wt. % as Mg, and Zn salt of alkyl salicylate at 0.006 to 1.60 wt. % as Zn, all percentages being based on the whole composition.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a fuel oil composition for diesel engines showing good CFPP and lubricity, efficiently controlling PM emissions and containing sulfur at 0.05 wt. % or less. The present invention provides a fuel oil composition for diesel engines comprising a base stock which has normal paraffin compounds having a carbon number of 20 or more at 4.0 wt. % or less, specific carbon number distribution in the high-boiling normal paraffin compounds and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds at 8.0 vol. % or less, contains sulfur at 0.05 wt. % or less, and is incorporated with 0.01 to 0.1 wt. % (as the active component) of an FI and 0.002 to 0.1 wt. % (as the active component) of a lubricity improver.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition that has excellent antiwear properties and is especially useful for internal combustion engine comprises a lubricating base oil and contains the following components: sulfoxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate, zinc dialkyldithiophosphate and a mixture of 100 to 50% by weight of calcium alkylsalicylate and 0 to 50% by weight of magnesium alkylsalicylate, the amount of molybdenum derived from the sulfoxymolybdenum dithiocarbamate being from 200 to 1000 ppm (weight basis) of the total weight of the composition, the amount of phosphorus derived from the zinc dialkyldithiophosphate being from 0.04 to 15% by weight of the total weight of the composition, and the total amount of the calcium alkylsalicylate and the magnesium alkylsalicylate being from 1 to 10% by weight of the total weight of the composition.

Abstract: Lubricating oil formulations comprising base oil, sulfur-phosphorous anti-wear/extreme pressure agents and hindered phenol antioxidants which anti-wear/extreme-pressure agents and hindered phenolic antioxidants are prone to crystal formation wherein the base oil is characterized as having a saturates content of less than 99% are stabilized against crystal formation by the addition of a minor amount of a high molecular weight di- or polycarboxylic acid anhydride, or mixture thereof.

Abstract: Ester based industrial oils containing acid scavengers exhibit improved sludge performance when a minor amount of hydrocarbon oil is included in the formulation.

Abstract: This invention is a fuel composition for use in internal combustion engines comprising a major amount of a base fuel which contains no more than 10% by weight of olefins and no more than 10% by weight of esters, and greater than 5% by weight based on the total composition of an oxygenate selected from the group consisting of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having on an average from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more ketones having on an average 5 to 25 carbons, and mixtures of the alcohol(s) and ketone(s). The amount of the oxygenate in the fuel composition is sufficient to provide the fuel with at least 0.5% by weight of oxygen. The oxygenate significantly reduces particulate emissions from the exhausts of diesel powered engines.

Abstract: This invention is a method of reducing particulate matter emission from internal combustion engines which use a diesel fuel composition comprising a major amount of a diesel fuel having a base fuel which contains no more than 10% by weight of olefins and no more than 10% by weight of esters, by admixing said fuel with greater than 5% by weight based on the total composition of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having on an average from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more ketones having on an average 5 to 25 carbons and mixture of said alcohol(s) and ketone(s). The amount of the oxygenate in the fuel composition is sufficient to provide the fuel with at least 0.5% by weight of oxygen. The oxygenate significantly reduce particulate emissions from the exhausts of diesel powered engines.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ultra-low sulphur fuel composition comprising (A) a major amount of a base fuel having (a) no more than 50 ppm by weight of sulphur, (b) no more than 10% by weight of olefins and (c) no more than 10% by weight of an ester and (B) at least 1% by weight based on the total fuel composition of an oxygenate selected from its group consisting of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having on an average 5 to 25 carbons and mixtures of the alcohol(s) and ketone(s) and having no other oxygen atom in its structure. These specific oxygenates further reduce particulate emissions from the exhausts of engines powered by ultra-low sulphur diesel fuels which fuels are already known to generate low particulate emissions. These oxygenates are capable of an impressive performance with respect to particulate emissions over a broad range of vehicles and driving cycles when compared with the performance of oxygenates used hitherto.

Abstract: A functional fluid base oil is described comprising a mixture of (1) one or more naphthenic base stocks, and (2) one or more conventional solvent neutral base stocks and (3) one or more hydrocracked base stocks. The functional fluid base oil can be additized by the addition of one or more performance additives. The fluid is especially usefull as a power steering fluid base oil.

Abstract: A functional fluid that is particularly useful as an aircraft hydraulic fluid is provided. The fluid contains a major amount of an organo/phosphate ester base stock; based on the total weight of the fluid of from about 0.5 to 10 wt % of certain alkoxylated polyether amines and from about 4 to about 20 wt % of auxiliary additives selected from the group consisting essentially of antioxidants, VI improvers, rust inhibitors, erosion inhibitors and defoamers.

Abstract: A bitumen emulsion comprising bituminous binder, emulsifier, and water. The bituminous binder comprises bitumen and an oxidised wax, and optionally one or more polymers. The incorporation of the oxidised wax into the bituminous binder provides modified bitumen with both a high softening point and a low enough viscosity to allow it to be emulsified. The emulsion may be used as a tack coat in applying a waterproofing layer to a roof base. The emulsion may be made using a static mixing emulsion process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the management of H2S containing gas streams and high alkalinity water streams in which process the H2S is selectively removed from the gas stream and combusted to form an SO2 rich waste gas stream. The SO2 gas stream is then scrubbed with the water stream to substantially remove the SO2 from the gas while subsequent treatment of the water such as softening or settling is improved.

Abstract: A binary two phase engine oil composition having two substantially immiscible liquid phases exhibits improved fuel economy which is maintained over an extended period. The first liquid phase comprises a base oil, natural or synthetic. The second liquid phase is a polar organic liquid, preferably a complex alcohol ester, preferably derived from a polyol, a polybasic acid, and a monohydric alcohol.