Abstract: In a process for isomerizing C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 alkanes and/or C.sub.6 -C.sub.7 cycloalkanes which is carried out in the presence of hydrogen gas, a chloride additive (e.g., CCl.sub.4 or C.sub.2 Cl.sub.4) and a supported platinum and chlorine-containing catalyst (e.g., Pt/Cl/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), the catalyst is intermittently reactivated in two steps: first, the hydrogen to feed hydrocarbon ratio is raised (while the chloride level in the feed is either not changed or lowered), and thereafter the chloride level in the feed is increased. Preferably, the fresh catalyst is also preactivated by contacting it with the hydrocarbon feed wherein the hydrogen to feed hydrocarbon ratio is higher and/or the temperature is lower than what is employed in the subsequent isomerization production cycle.

Abstract: A material which is effective as a catalyst for isomerizing alkanes and/or cycloalkanes is prepared by a method which comprises incorporating Nb and/or Ta into a reduced material comprising Pt and/or Pd on alumina, followed by heating in a non-reducing gas and heat-treatment with at least one fluoroalkane and/or chlorofluroalkane (preferably CClF.sub.3).

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprises palladium, at least one chemically bound alkali metal (preferably potassium), chemically bound fluorine and an inorganic support material (preferably alumina), wherein the atomic ratio of fluorine to alkali metals about 1.3:1 to about 4:1. Preferably, silver is also present in the catalyst composition. The above-described catalyst is employed as a catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkynes (preferably acetylene) to the corresponding alkenes in the presence of sulfur impurities.

Abstract: C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkynes (preferably acetylene) contained in feeds which also contain sulfur impurities are hydrogenated to the corresponding alkenes in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst which has been promoted with alkali metal fluoride (preferably potassium fluoride).

Abstract: Compositions of stabilized stereoregular polymers of branched higher alpha-olefins, grafting compounds, free radical generators, glass and epoxy resins and/or epoxy-functional silanes and/or hydroxy functional compounds are provided as well as methods for making these compounds and articles thereof.

Abstract: The alkylation of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkanes (preferably isobutane) with C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenes (preferably butene-2), in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid on a solid inorganic material as catalyst, is carried out with dicyclopentadiene and/or tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene as additional alkylating agent(s).

Abstract: In a process for isomerizing saturated C.sub.4- C.sub.10 hydrocarbons (preferably n-pentane) in the presence of a platinum/zeolite catalyst, wherein sulfur compounds are present in the feed as impurities and cause catalyst deactivating, at least one volatile chlorine compound (preferably tetrachloroethylene or carbon tetrachloride) is added to the feed in an amount sufficient to counteract the catalyst deactivation. A correlation between effective amounts of chloride additive(s) required to counteract the catalyst deactivating effect caused by specific sulfur compound(s) and a specific parameter of various sulfur compounds has been established. The water content in the isomerization feed is not to exceed about 60 ppm H.sub.2 O (based on the weight of the at least one feed hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is prepared by a method comprising impregnating alumina with at least one platinum compound, followed by calcining, reducing treatment, and heating with gaseous aluminum chloride and gaseous titanium tetrachloride. The thus-prepared catalyst composition is employed in the isomerization of saturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbons (alkanes and/or cycloalkanes), preferably n-butane.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is prepared by a method comprising impregnating alumina with at least one platinum compound, followed by treatment with at least one organoaluminum chloride (preferably ethylaluminum dichloride), titanium tetrachloride and at least one chloroalkane (preferably carbon tetrachloride). The thus-prepared catalyst composition is employed in the isomerization of saturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbons (alkanes and/or cycloalkanes), preferably n-butane.

Abstract: Compositions of stabilized stereoregular polymers of branched higher alpha-olefins, grafting compounds, free radical generators, glass and epoxy resins and/or epoxy-functional silanes and/or hydroxy functional compounds are provided as well as methods for making these compounds and articles thereof.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising palladium, silver and a support material (preferably alumina) is contacted at a relatively low temperature (of up to about 60.degree. C.) with a liquid composition comprising an effective reducing agent (preferably an alkali metal borohydride, hydrazinc, formaldehyde, formic acid, ascorbic acid, dextrose, aluminum powder). Preferably, at least one alkali metal compound (more preferably KOH, RbOH, CsOH, KF) is also present in the liquid composition. An improved process for selectively hydrogenating acetylene (to ethylene) employs this wet-reduced catalyst composition.

Abstract: The disproportionation of isopentane(s) in the presence of hydrogen fluoride as the catalyst is improved by adding at least one C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 (preferably C.sub.6 -C.sub.8) isoalkane to the isopentane feed.

Abstract: A supported catalyst composition, which is effective as a diolefin hydrogenation catalyst, comprises palladium, silver and alkali metal fluoride. This catalyst composition is employed in the selective hydrogenation of C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 diolefins (preferably 1,3-butadiene) with hydrogen gas to the corresponding monoolefins.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising palladium, silver and a support material (preferably alumina) is contacted at a relatively low temperature (of up to about 60.degree. C.) with a liquid composition comprising an effective reducing agent (preferably an alkali metal borohydride, hydrazine, formaldehyde, formic acid, ascorbic acid, dextrose, aluminum powder). Preferably, at least one alkali metal compound (more preferably KOH, RbOH, CsOH, KF) is also present in the liquid composition. An improved process for selectively hydrogenating acetylene (to ethylene) employs this wet-reduced catalyst composition.

Abstract: A catalyst composition is prepared by a method comprising impregnating alumina with at least one dissolved titanium compound (preferably a triethanolamine titanate) and at least one platinum compound, followed by treatment (at specific temperature conditions) with at least one organoaluminum chloride (preferably ethylaluminum dichloride), hydrogen chloride and at least one chloroalkane (preferably carbon tetrachloride). The thus-prepared catalyst composition is employed in the isomerization of saturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 hydrocarbons (alkanes and/or cycloalkanes), preferably n-butane.

Abstract: A supported catalyst composition, which is effective as a diolefin hydrogenation catalyst, comprises palladium, silver and alkali metal fluoride. This catalyst composition is employed in the selective hydrogenation of C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 diolefins (preferably 1,3-butadiene) with hydrogen gas to the corresponding monoolefins.

Abstract: An apparatus for vaporizing volatile liquids comprises a packed column, a gas inlet port (for introducing a hot entrainer gas), a feed tube (for introducing a volatile liquid), a feed distributor comprising a base plate equipped with orifices (through which the liquid flows downward into the packed column) and risers (through which the formed gaseous mixture of entrainer gas and vaporized liquid flows upward), and a gas outlet port. This apparatus can be used to vaporize volatile liquids, preferably volatile tin compounds, optionally in admixture with volatile silicon compounds, wherein steam is used as the entrainer gas.

Abstract: A process for reactivating a used n-alkane (preferably n-butane) isomerization catalyst comprising platinum, chlorine and a support material comprises contacting the catalyst with flowing hydrogen gas for at least about 1 hour at a temperature of below about 440.degree. F. Preferably, this reactivation process is carried out as an intermittent step in the hydroisomerization of at least one C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 normal alkane (preferably n-butane).

Abstract: A novel composition comprises aluminum borate and zirconium borate. Preferably, the composition is prepared by coprecipitation. The composition is useful as a sorbent or as a catalyst material.

Abstract: A method of injecting a liquid tin-containing antifoulant into a saturated hydrocarbon feed stream for a thermal cracking reactor comprises providing a first open-ended tube, a second open-ended tube which concentrically surrounds the first tube, and a third tube which concentrically surrounds the first and second tubes; passing a liquid antifoulant stream through the first tube, a dispersing gas stream through the second tube, and a hydrocarbon gas stream (preferably containing ethane and steam) through the third tube; injecting the liquid antifoulant through the open end of the first tube and the dispersing gas through the open end of the second tube into the hydrocarbon gas stream; and passing the mixture of dispersed antifoulant, dispersing gas and hydrocarbon gas into a thermal cracking reactor.