Abstract: Quantitation is performed using data from a mass spectrometer. A calibration ion mass spectrum is acquired for each of a plurality of known quantities of a material. From the calibration spectra a plurality of ions that identify the material is determined, and for each ion of the plurality of ions a linear range and linear function are determined. A sample ion mass spectrum is acquired for an unknown quantity of the material. A sample intensity is measured for each ion of the plurality of ions from the sample spectrum. After acquiring the sample spectrum, one or more ions are selected from the plurality of ions such that the sample intensity of each of the one or more ions is within a linear range of the ion. The unknown quantity is calculated from the sample intensities and linear functions of the one or more ions.

Abstract: A method for identifying a convolved peak is described. A plurality of spectra is obtained. A multivariate analysis technique is used to assign data points from the plurality of spectra to a plurality of groups. A peak is selected from the plurality of spectra. If the peak includes data points assigned to two or more groups of the plurality of groups, the peak is identified as a convolved peak. Principal component analysis is one multivariate analysis technique that is used to assign data points. A number of principal components are selected. A subset principal component space is created. A data point in the subset principal component space is selected. A vector is extended from the origin of the subset principal component space to the data point. One or more data points within a spatial angle around the vector are assigned to a group.

Abstract: Selectivity of a measurement from a mass spectrometer is improved by selecting an extracted ion current window for the measurement after data acquisition. A plurality of mass spectra are acquired over a period of time. A first extracted ion current window is selected and from the plurality of mass spectra a first intensity as a function of time is calculated for an ion using the first extracted ion current window. A second extracted ion current window is selected and from the plurality of mass spectra a second intensity as a function of time is calculated for the ion using the second extracted ion current window. A first signal-to-noise ratio of the first intensity is compared with a second signal-to-noise ratio of the second intensity. If the second signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the first signal-to-noise ratio, the second intensity as a function of time is used for the measurement.

Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing compounds in a sample. In one embodiment, the present technology is directed towards a method of analyzing a sample, comprising: emitting ions from the sample; selectively filtering the emitted ions for at least one designated trigger ion; fragmenting the designated trigger ions; scanning for a designated trigger ion fragment; and upon detecting the designated trigger ion fragment, scanning for at least one confirmatory ion fragment.

Abstract: A peripheral viewing system for a vehicle includes a pair of digital cameras, each positioned on the exterior of the vehicle proximately positioned where a side view mirror would typically be mounted. An additional digital camera is mounted on the vehicle roof immediately adjacent the top edge of the rear window. A plurality of LCD's each discretely associated with a corresponding camera are mounted within the vehicle passenger compartment at a location that is readily observable by the vehicle driver. The driver can panoramically view trailing traffic by observing the LCD's in the passenger compartment. One or more infrared phototransistor receivers are positioned at the rear of the vehicle for detecting oncoming vehicles. If the driver attempts to change lanes and activates a turn signal, a warning message will be emitted within the passenger compartment if any of the transistors detect an approaching vehicle within a predetermined range of the vehicle.

Abstract: A system for determining a three-dimensional location and orientation of an eye within a camera frame of reference includes a camera, an illuminator, and a processor. The camera captures an image of the eye. The illuminator generates a reflection off of a corneal surface of the eye. The processor computes a first two-dimensional location of a pupil reflection image and a corneal reflection image from the image of the eye. The processor predicts a second two-dimensional location of a pupil reflection image and the corneal reflection image as a function of a set of three-dimensional position and orientation parameters of the eye within the camera frame of reference. The processor iteratively adjusts the set until the first two-dimensional location is substantially the same as the second two-dimensional location. The set is the three-dimensional location and orientation of an eye.

Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing compounds in a sample. In one embodiment, the present technology is directed towards a method of analyzing a sample, comprising: emitting ions from the sample; selecting the emitted ions for a designated ion; fragmenting the designated ions; scanning for a plurality of designated ion fragments; determining a designated fragment chromatographic trace for each designated ion fragment; and generating a combined chromatographic trace corresponding to a non-linear combination of a plurality of designated fragment chromatographic traces.

Abstract: A background component of reporter ion signals is determined by fitting a distribution function. A plurality of samples that include a protein labeled with a plurality of isobaric reporter ions is analyzed at a plurality of different times using a mass spectrometer, producing a plurality of mass spectra for the plurality of isobaric reporter ions. A cumulative distribution is calculated for an inverse coefficient of differential expression of the plurality of mass spectra using a processor. A Pearson Type IV distribution shifted by a constant value is fitted to the cumulative distribution and the constant value is solved for using the processor. A background component for each spectrum of the plurality of mass spectra is calculated from the constant value, a calculated coefficient of differential expression for each spectrum, and an average reporter ion signal value for each spectrum using the processor.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to a method and system for storing, retrieving, and managing data for tags that are associated in some manner to any type of object. More particularly, the present invention writes data to these tags, reads data from these tags, and manages data that is written to and/or read from these tags. In addition, the invention accesses and/or stores data associated with tags from or into repositories, constructs and maintains data structures from these repositories and responds to queries using the data structures.

Abstract: This invention improves upon existing pay-per-click arrangements periodically generating a code associated with the search-engine users. This code, preferably in the form of a serial number, is compared to the user of the website, such that by observing a metric like the number of clicks for a given period of time, be it a short time or a longer period, such as a day or a week, the system can automatically determine if certain clicks are illegitimate. This allows the pay-per-click company to more fairly invoice the merchants, thereby preventing fraudulent over use.

Abstract: A corrected reporter ion intensity is calculated in tandem mass spectrometry based quantitation using isobaric labels. An analyte in each of two or more samples of a mixture of samples is labeled with a different isobaric label. The analyte is eluted from the mixture of samples and intensities of the eluting analyte are measured. An analyte intensity is selected at each of at least two times from the measured intensities. Tandem mass spectrometry is performed on the eluting analyte at each of the at least two times. A plurality of reporter ion intensities is produced. A system of linear equations is created expressing each reporter ion intensity of the plurality of reporter ion intensities as a sum of a background noise intensity and the product of a fragmentation efficiency and an analyte intensity. A corrected reporter ion intensity is calculated from a solution of the system of linear equations.

Abstract: A reference structure tomography device is provided which includes a reference structure configured to intercept and modulate energy in the form of waves or otherwise propagating from a source to a sensor, along longitudinal and traverse directions. The reference structure modulates or otherwise conditions the propagating wave to simplify an inversion process on the data set created by the interaction between the wave and the sensors. The reference structure can modulate a wave through multiple types of interactions with the wave including obscuring, defracting, defusing, scattering, and otherwise altering any characteristic of a portion of the wave. By selecting a reference structure that is compatible with the sensors, the number of measurements needed to resolve the source through the source wave is reduced. The reference structure can also increase the resolution of an imaging system.

Abstract: A system and method for an on-line swapping service. The service registers members and allows members to list items that each member is willing to swap in exchange for credits with the service for an item from listed by another member. An example of the items that may be swapped using the swapping service is books, such as paperback books. To facilitate delivery through the mail of an item from one member to another member, a printable mailing wrapper is created by the system with the appropriate destination address. The system emails, downloads or otherwise sends the mailing wrapper to the member who is in position of the item to be shipped. That member simply prints the mailing wrapper on a standard printer, and wraps it around the item to be shipped via standard postal services.

Abstract: Relative noise is a single scalar value that is used to predict the maximum value of the expected noise at any point and is calculated from the measured signal and a mathematical noise model. The mathematical noise model is selected or estimated from an observation that includes statistical and/or numerical modeling based on a population of measurement points. An absolute noise for a plurality of points of the measured signal is estimated. An array of values is calculated by dividing each of a plurality of points of the absolute noise by a corresponding expected noise value calculated from the mathematical noise model. The relative noise is calculated by taking a standard deviation of a plurality of points of the array. The relative noise can be used to calculate scaled background signal noise, filter regions, denoise data, detect false positives from features, calculate S/N, and determine a stop condition for acquiring data.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for imaging a test substrate having a test surface that is configured to enable spectroscopic detection of one or more chemical or biological species, wherein the test surface includes a testing site disposed thereon according to a predetermined spatial pattern. The test substrate is provided in an image plane or a Fourier Transform plane of a sensor. The invention provides high throughput and high spectral resolution.

Abstract: Accordingly, systems and methods for protein identification are provided. The present teaching provide for a system with one protein identification methodology based on one method and a second protein identification methodology based on a second protein identification methodology to interact and increase confidence in protein identification. Various embodiments employ protein identification methodologies that identify portions of a peptide. Various embodiments provide for a hypothesis generation module that can suggest modifications for the peptide based on differences between experimental and theoretical values. Various embodiments provide for an identifier module that can select one or more hypotheses from the hypothesis module as most probable. In this way, the present teachings can provide for systems and methods to combine protein identification results from multiple protein identification methodologies with the possibility of identifying modifications.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provide a system for measuring and modifying at least one model parameter of an object of an image in order to distinguish the object from noise in the image includes a perceived image generator, an image-match function, and a parameter adjustment function. The perceived image generator produces a first perceived image of the object based on the at least one model parameter. The image-match function compares the first perceived image with a real image of the object. The parameter adjustment function adjusts the at least one model parameter so that the perceived image generator produces a second perceived image of the object that more closely matches the real image than the first perceived image.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for spectral imaging. Electromagnetic energy emanating from an object is passed through a first dispersive element, a coded aperture, and a second dispersive element to a detector plane. A wavelength-dependent shift is created by the first dispersive element. The coded aperture modulates the image emanating from the first dispersive element. The wavelength-dependent shift is removed from the modulated image by the second dispersive element producing a wavelength-independent image measured by the detector. A spectral image of the object is calculated from the measured image, a wavelength-dependent shift of the first dispersive element, the code of the coded aperture, and a wavelength dependent shift of the second dispersive element. A spectral image can be calculated from measurements obtained in a single time step and from a number of measurements that is less than the number of elements in the spectral image.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to systems and methods for communicating pharmaceutical verification information between a server and a node using a network. A node includes a pharmaceutical identification and verification system. The verification information includes a known spectral signature of a known pharmaceutical and a corresponding known pharmaceutical name and dosage strength of the known pharmaceutical. The server stores the verification information in a server database. The node receives the verification information from the server, stores the verification information in the client database, reads a pharmaceutical name and dosage strength from a container enclosing a pharmaceutical, obtains a detected spectral signature for the pharmaceutical, and compares the detected spectral signature to the at least one known spectral signature. The pharmaceutical identification and verification system includes a static multimodal multiplex spectrometer.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention is a method for computing a first gaze axis of an eye in a first coordinate system. A camera is focused on the eye and moved to maintain the focus on the eye as the eye moves in the first coordinate system. A first location of the camera in the first coordinate system is measured. A second location of the eye and a gaze direction of the eye within a second coordinate system are measured. A second gaze axis within the second coordinate system is computed from the second location and the gaze direction. The first gaze axis is computed from the second gaze axis and the first location using a first coordinate transformation.