Abstract: The present teachings relate to a method of filtering mass spectrometer data using a variable filter window. The width of the window can depend on the mass itself and the mass defects for a family of compounds. The teachings can be used with a plurality of compounds including but not limited to peptides and can be utilized on a brood range of mass spectrometers.

Abstract: An optical wavemeter includes a slit, a diffraction grating, a mask, a complementary grating, and a detector. A monochromatic source is incident on the slit. The diffraction grating produces an image of the slit in an image plane at a horizontal position that is wavelength dependent. The mask has a two-dimensional pattern of transmission variations and produces different vertical intensity channels for different spectral channels. The complementary grating produces a stationary image of the slit independent of wavelength. The detector measures vertical variations in intensity of the stationary image, and the mask is created so that the number of measurements made by the detector is less than the number of spectral channels sampled.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, variables are grouped in an unsupervised manner after principal component analysis of a plurality of variables from a plurality of samples. A number of principal components are selected. A subset principal component space is created for those components. A starting variable is selected. A spatial angle is defined around a vector extending from the origin to the starting variable. A set of one or more variables is selected within the spatial angle. The set is assigned to a group. The set is removed from further analysis. The process is repeated starting with the selection of a new starting variable until all groups are found.

Abstract: An imaging polarimeter includes a polarization dispersing element, a spatial light modulator, a complementary polarization dispersing element, a polarization analyzer, an electronic detection plane, and a processor. The polarization dispersing element polarimetrically disperses an image of an object. The spatial light modulator spatially modulates the polarimetrically dispersed image. The complementary polarization dispersing element polarimetrically combines the spatially modulated and polarimetrically dispersed image. The polarization analyzer mixes orthogonal input polarizations with the polarization states of the polarimetrically combined spatially modulated image. The electronic detection plane measures the polarimetrically combined spatially modulated image that includes mixed polarization states.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention can estimate an image using an encodement provided by an optical component, an encodement provided by a detector array, or both an encodement provided by an optical component and an encodement provided by a detector array. The original image can be encoded with a dispersed point spread function created by the optical component. The detector array can be encoded with a pixel sampling function. The encoded image is measured using the detector array. An estimated image can be calculated from the pixel sampling function and the measured image, the dispersed point spread function and the measured image, or the dispersed point spread function, the pixel sampling function, and the measured image. The number of pixels in the estimated image is greater than the number of measurements in the measured image.

Abstract: A class of aperture coded spectrometer is optimized for the spectral characterization of diffuse sources. The instrument achieves high throughput and high spatial resolution by replacing the slit of conventional dispersive spectrometers with a spatial filter or mask. A number of masks can be used including Harmonic masks, Legendre masks, and Hadamard masks.

Abstract: An optical signal is compressively sampled using an optical component to encode multiplex measurements. A mapping from the optical signal to a detector array is created using spatial and/or spectral dispersion. Signals transmitted by a plurality of transmissive elements of the optical component are detected at each sensor of a plurality of sensors of the detector array dispersed spatially with respect to the optical component. Each sensor of a plurality of sensors produces a measurement resulting in a number of measurements. A number of estimated optical signal values is calculated from the number of measurements and a transmission function. The transmission function is selected so that the number of measurements is less than the number of estimated optical signal values.

Abstract: An optical signal is compressively sampled. An optical component with a plurality of transmissive elements and a plurality of opaque elements is created. The location of the plurality of transmissive elements and the plurality of opaque elements is determined by a transmission function. A spectrum of the optical signal is dispersed across the optical component. Signals transmitted by the plurality of transmissive elements are detected in a single time step at each sensor of a plurality of sensors dispersed spatially with respect to the optical component. Each sensor of the plurality of sensors produces a measurement resulting in a number of measurements for the single time step. A number of estimated optical signal values is calculated from the number of measurements and the transmission function. The transmission function is selected so that the number of measurements is less than the number of estimated optical signal values.