Abstract: A redundant structure control device for an (N+1) reluctant structure exchange, capable dealing with line trouble and line interface device trouble. When line trouble is detected frame tag attaching is arranged so a frame coming from a interface device originally connected with a troubled line toward die troubled line may be sent to a spare line. When a troubled line interface device is detected, frame tag attaching is arranged so that a frame coming from a line originally connected with the troubled line interface device be sent to a spare line interface device and a frame earning from the spare line interface device may flow so the line originally connected with the troubled line interface device, and instructs the change of a cell tag coming from an ATM switch toward the troubled line interface device, to a value indicating that the cell be sent to the spare line interface device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the preparation of lactic acid and calcium sulphate, in which (a) an aqueous solution that contains lactate is reacted with sulphuric acid at a temperature that is essentially higher than the transition temperature of calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H2O), with the formation of a mixture that contains calcium sulphate hemihydrate and lactic acid, (b) the mixture from step (a) is subjected to at least one recrystallisation step at a temperature that is essentially lower than the transition temperature of calcium sulphate dihydrate, with the formation of a precipitate of calcium sulphate dihydrate and an aqueous solution of lactic acid, and (c) the precipitate of calcium sulphate dihydrate is separated off from the aqueous solution of lactic acid.

Abstract: In drive circuit for organic EL elements performing multicolor light emission, DC power supply circuits 21,22 and 23 are provided for each emitted color of light, so as to supply a voltage that differs, depending upon the color of light emitted, thereby reducing the amount of power loss that occurred in the current drive circuit 31,32 and 33 because of the differences in the voltage versus intensity characteristics of each emitted color EL elements.

Abstract: A recording medium on which is recorded a computer-readable and executable software program that performs processing by taking as instructions an output from a controller used in an entertainment system. The controller has a pressure-sensitive unit. The software program used in the entertainment system, in a mode in which the viewpoint position of objects within the screen of the entertainment system is switched, switches the position of the viewpoint of an object depending on the output of the controller.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for checking the state of a capacitor fuse in which the voltage that is applied to the capacitor fuse is made the same level as voltage that is applied to memory cells. When detecting the occurrence of cutting of a capacitor fuse, voltage HVCCF (0.7 V), which is a voltage that is half the voltage of the power supply VINTS (1.4 V) for driving a sense amplifier, is used to charge the capacitor fuse, and the difference in potential between the voltage that has accumulated in the capacitor fuse and a voltage (0.5 V) that is lower than HVCCF is amplified by a sense amplifier and then latched by a latch circuit unit. Voltage HVCCF (0.7 V) that is applied across the two electrodes of the capacitor fuse is a voltage of the same level as the voltage that is applied to normal memory cells, and the reliability of the semiconductor memory device is therefore improved.

Abstract: An image transmission system in which when each of a plurality of image signals is transformed into compressed image data compressed at an image compressing portion, the image data are assembled to cells at a cell assembly portion, and the cells from the cell assembly portion are switched at a switching portion, a band controller controls the cell assembly portion so that a band of a transmission line has a value lower than a total band required for a simultaneous transmission of each of the image data. Also, a network controller for controlling band controllers or compression rate controllers at each of communication nodes on a network is provided. Moreover, a sensor which detects a change of an event to control the band controller or the compression rate controller is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of rerouting a PVC route on an ATM network by previously defining an alternate route for the PVC route and by switching the PVC route to a previously defined alternate route when a fault occurs in a network element forming the PVC route.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus which is capable of maintaining excellent EMC performances even if the number of cables to be connected thereto is increased. An electronic circuit unit is plugged into a subrack from the front of the subrack. A connector unit-receiving block is arranged on the rear surface of the subrack. A connector unit connectable with an external cable to be connected to the electronic circuit unit is plugged into the rear of the subrack at the rear of the electronic circuit unit, for being received within the connector unit-receiving block. The connector unit is configured such that a metal shield case covers a connector board having a connector mounted thereon.

Abstract: An electroluminescent panel has a light emitting body sealed in an inner space between transparent package films, and the light emitting body includes a fluorescent layer, a transparent electrode formed on one surface of the fluorescent layer and formed of indium tin oxide and a back electrode formed on the other surface of the fluorescent layer and formed of aluminum, wherein the light emitting body is folded down so that a non-transparent conductive layer of silver is patterned on the transparent electrode of the folded portion, thereby enhancing the uniformity of brightness by virtue of the light radiated from the folded portion.

Abstract: A network synchronization controller and method for effectively preventing a timing loop from happening in a synchronous network. A clock status message controller, disposed in each network element on the network, produces and sends clock status messages which are each composed of clock quality data and synchronization control data. The clock quality data indicates the quality level of a clock signal that each network element supplies to its neighboring network elements. The synchronization control data contains information to be used to make the network synchronized with a single reference timing source. A clock selector chooses one of the clock signals received from other network elements, based on the clock status messages received along with the clock signals.

Abstract: A method of controlling affiliation of a remote line-collection device with a plurality of switches connected via a network includes the steps of providing each switch with a backup-storage area in advance in addition to a normal storage area, and transferring control data of the remote line-collection device from the normal storage area of a first switch to the backup-storage area of a second switch when affiliation of the remote line-collection device is changed from the first switch to the second switch.

Abstract: A hybrid exchange which exchanges the STM data to be transmitted periodically to realize an exchange in unit of the ATM data to be transmitted asynchronously includes asynchronous transmission terminal interface as the interface with an STM terminal, an synchronous transmission terminal interface as the interface with an ATM terminal, an ATM exchange interface as the interface with an ATM exchange, a transmitting unit for transmitting the STM time slot and ATM time slot, and a control unit for controlling the interfaces. The synchronous transmission terminal interface assigns the STM data to be transmitted periodically to the STM time slot, while the asynchronous transmission terminal interface assigns the ATM data to be transmitted asynchronously to the ATM time slot. The STM time slot and ATM time slot are identified by the STM/ATM identifier. The STM time slot is stored by multiplexing a plurality of STM data.

Abstract: A cell transmitted from a transmitting terminal is multicast to a plurality of receiving terminals. The plurality of receiving terminals respectively transmit B-RM cells to the transmitting terminal. Each of the B-RM cells is assigned an ER value. An ER value calculating unit calculates an average value of the ER values which are respectively assigned to the B-RM cells from the plurality of receiving terminals. A B-RM cell processing unit transfers to the transmitting terminal a B-RM cell to which the ER value calculated by the ER value calculating unit is assigned. The transmitting terminal controls the transmission rate of a multicast communication with the plurality of receiving terminals according to the ER value assigned to the received B-RM cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a topical preparation containing spherical microparticles as the essential component, wherein the microparticles comprise water-insoluble linear polyglucan.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is disclosed a 2-transistors type flash memory, wherein a memory-transistor is composed of layers of structure consisting of a floating gate and a control gate separated by a first insulating film; and, at least, a gate electrode of a select-transistor is composed of a single layer of a polysilicon film, which is formed from the same layer as the floating gate electrode of the memory-transistor and then doped to have an enhanced dopant concentration by ion implantation performed in the step of forming source-drain regions of the transistors.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device including the steps of: sequentially forming an oxide film and a polycrystalline silicon film overlying a substrate; and selectively dry-etching the polycrystalline silicon film in consecutive two processes including a main etching process for dry-etching the polycrystalline silicon film under existence of Cl2, HBr and CF4 and an over-etching process for dry-etching the polycrystalline silicon film under existence of HBr and oxygen. In the process, the polycrystalline silicon film is etched in the main etching process with the excellent dimension controllability and is etched in the over etching process with the higher selective ratio between the polycrystalline silicon film and the gate oxide film.

Abstract: Alternative structures and backplanes are designed so as to provide for telecom/datacom equipment conforming to either the ETSI standard or NEBS standard with minimum engineering efforts and with minimum changes in the basic parts of the products. ETSI chassis has an upper enclosure region for housing interface modules of the system and a lower enclosure region for housing system modules of the system. When assembled, a backplane is disposed along a common back wall of both enclosures. A portion of the backplane extends into the upper enclosure region from the lower enclosure region and includes connectors for receiving connectors of the interface modules. The portion of the backplane located in the lower enclosure region includes connectors for receiving connectors of the system modules.

Abstract: The effective resolution of a Position Error Signal (PES) in a disk drive servo is increased by synchronously dithering the analog PES while sampling it with an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). For each cycle of a burst field signal on a servo sector, a DC offset is added to the analog PES before sampling. The offset is changed periodically during the sampling of the burst field signal. The set of all DC offsets used is evenly spread over a range which is substantially equal to the size of the least significant bit of the ADC multiplied by a positive integer.

Abstract: A method and system for interfacing a legacy e-mail, voice mail and facsimile system into a unified messaging system. The system includes visual message notification for notifying a user of incoming messages. Visual notification may include a flashing light emitting diode and/or text messages. The text messages may include various characteristics of the waiting messages, such as identification of the sender, subject header, message type, time and date received and a like.