Abstract: The preparation of rapidly curable ultraviolet coating compositions utilizing, in addition to standard photoinitiators, an aromatic sulfide is disclosed. Utilized in conjunction with the aromatic sulfide may be a triplet state sensitizer, such as a fused ring aromatic compound.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst and process for achieving highly selective straight chain aldehyde formation from alpha-olefins under hydroformylation conditions. The improved hydroformylation results are obtained under mild conditions of temperature and pressure in the presence of a stabilized catalyst complex of rhodium metal, bidentate ligand and monodentate ligand represented by the formula: ##STR1## Illustrative of a preferred bidentate ligand is trans 1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclobutane. Illustrative of a preferred monodentate ligand is diphenylethylphosphine. It is an essential feature of the invention process that the monodentate ligand is provided in a molar excess with respect to the rhodium metal in the stabilized catalyst complex.

Abstract: This invention provides a catalyst and process for achieving highly selective straight chain aldehyde formation from alpha-olefins under hydroformylation conditions. The improved hydroformylation results are obtained under mild conditions of temperature and pressure in the presence of a stabilized catalyst complex of rhodium metal, bidentate ligand and monodentate ligand represented by the formula: ##STR1## Illustrative of a preferred bidentate ligand is trans 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclobutane. Illustrative of a preferred monodentate ligand is diphenylethylphosphine. It is an essential feature of the invention process that the monodentate ligand is provided in a molar excess with respect to the rhodium metal in the stabilized catalyst complex.

Abstract: This invention provides an ultraviolet radiation-curable coating composition which after curing has utility as a moisture barrier film for the protection of substrates such as paper and cardboard.Illustrative of the invention radiation-curable composition is a blend of components comprising (1) chlorinated rubber, (2) chlorinated paraffin; (3) vinyl acetate; (4) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; (5) photoinitiator; and (6) heat and light stabilizer for the chlorocarbon components. The invention composition cures as a substantially 100 percent solids system within one second at room temperature when exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: A non-tacky powder composition useful for coating applications is disclosed. A method of preparing the non-tacky powder composition is also disclosed. This powder composition comprises tacky powder particles and, adhering to the tacky surface of these tacky powder particles in a non-continuous layer, smaller solid particles which are hard and non-tacky. The tacky powder particles comprise a melt blend mixture of a thermoplastic elastomer and a specifically defined melt flow modifier. The smaller solid particles which are hard and non-tacky comprise a specifically defined melt flow modifier which has a glass transistion temperature greater than about 20.degree. C. The final powder composition is non-tacky and is particularly useful in coating glass containers. A process for coating substrates such as a glass container with this composition, as well as the coated glass container, is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for the formation of a high performance polyester (at least 85 mol percent polyethylene terephthalate) multifilament yarn. The product possesses a high strength (at least 7.5 grams per denier) and an unusually stable internal structure which renders it particularly suited for use in industrial applications at elevated temperatures. The filaments are melt spun and uniformly quenched under relatively high stress conditions (as described) to yield an as-spun filamentary material of relatively high birefringence (+9.times.10.sup.-3 to +70.times.10.sup.-3) which is passed in-line from the quench zone to a first draw zone where it is drawn at a draw ratio of 1.01:1 to 3.0:1, and subsequently is drawn (as described) to achieve at least 85 percent of the maximum draw ratio of the as-spun filamentary material. The resulting filamentary material exhibits unusually low shrinkage and hysteresis characteristics (i.e. work loss characteristics) as well as the high strength chatracteristics.

Abstract: This invention provides a substantially transparent curable coating composition which upon curing with ultraviolet radiation converts into a glossy opaque film.The invention ultraviolet radiation curable coating composition comprises a homogeneous blend of (1) polyvinyl butyral, (2) vinyl acetate, (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate and/or pentaerythritol triacrylate, and (4) a photoinitiator.

Abstract: An improved polyester filament (i.e., a principally polyethylene terephthalate filament) suitable for use in commercial applications is provided having a unique internal structure. The filament possesses an interconnected highly oriented crystalline microstructure coextensive with its length coexisting with an interdispersed substantially disoriented non-crystalline phase. The filament microstructure imparts inter alia a propensity for the filament to undergo a low degree of shrinkage under a high degree of force at an elevated temperature as evidenced by a modulus ratio (as defined) of at least 0.1. The filament exhibits a relatively high initial modulus, coupled with a relatively high crystalline orientation function, and a relatively low amorphous orientation function.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing an improved selective oxidation catalyst consisting of a highly compressed mixture of metal oxides in which the atomic ratio of elements varies between about 0.3 and 2.4 atoms selected from phosphorus, manganese, germanium, zirconium, tin, tellurium, cerium and hafnium, and between about 0.4 and 3.6 atoms selected from titanium, vanadium, niobium, antimony and tantalum, per twelve atoms of molybdenum.

Abstract: An organo metallic complex catalyst, useful in the hydroformylation of an olefin, e.g., an alkene, to yield an aldehyde product in which the normal aldehyde isomer predominates over branch-chain isomers, which has the structure: ##STR1## wherein capital M is a Group VIII metal (preferably rhodium); Q is phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony (preferably phosphorus); and R is phenyl or a lower alkyl group.In the process employing the new catalytic complex is not necessary to employ an excess of any ligand, and moderate reaction conditions are adequate. The catalyst can be prepared ex situ or in situ from a suitable source of rhodium or the Group VIII metal and a suitable derivative of ferrocene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a melt processable composition and process for preparing the same from a blend of a normally non-melt processable wholly aromatic polyester and a phosphorus ester. The presence of the specifically defined phosphorus ester in the composition in amounts of up to about 40 percent by weight renders the normally non-melt processable wholly aromatic polyester melt processable.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes are disclosed for converting sensitive organic compounds such as acrolein, methacrolein, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid from liquid to vapor in admixture with a gas stream at super-atmospheric pressures with minimum decomposition and substantially without polymer formation. The acrolein and methacrolein partial pressures being up to super-atmospheric and those of acrylic and methacrylic acids up to about an atmosphere.An apparatus and a process are also disclosed for transferring a sensitive organic material in an energy-efficient manner from a low-pressure, high-temperature gas-vapor stream to a solvent for the sensitive material, and then to another gas stream at increased pressure.

Abstract: A tubular fiber reinforced composite shaft is formed (as described) which integrally incorporates a metal sleeve or connection at the end thereof. Initially a metal sleeve having circumferentially spaced recesses on the outer periphery thereof is positioned upon a segment of a mandrel. Fibrous material bearing a non-solidified resinous material is applied around the mandrel and around the recesses in the sleeve. Portions of the previously applied fibrous material bearing the non-solidified resinous material are pressed into the recesses. Additional fibrous material bearing the non-solidified resinous material is applied to the previously applied fibrous material. The resinous material next is solidified to form a tubular composite shaft whereby a secure torsion-transmitting connection is made with the sleeve, and the mandrel is removed.

Abstract: A tubular fiber reinforced composite shaft is formed (as described) which integrally incorporates a metal sleeve or connection at the end thereof. Initially a metal sleeve having apertures is positioned upon a segment of a mandrel. Fibrous material bearing a non-solidified resinous material is applied around the mandrel and around the apertures in the sleeve. Sharpened spikes are pressed through the fibrous material and into the apertures of the sleeve. Additional fibrous material bearing the non-solidified resinous material is applied around the outer ends of the spikes. The resinous material next is solidified to form a tubular composite shaft whereby a secure torsion-transmitting connection is made with the sleeve, and the mandrel is removed.

Abstract: A powder composition having good melt flow under zero shear conditions is disclosed. A process for preparing this powder composition is also disclosed. The composition comprises a thermoplastic elastomer such as a block copolymer of styrene and hydrogenated butadiene as well as a melt flow modifier. The melt flow modifier is preferably a partially hydrogenated styrene/alpha methylstyrene random copolymer. The composition may additionally contain adhesion promoters and stabilizers against oxidation and ultraviolet light. A process for coating substrates such as a glass bottle with this composition, as well as the coated glass bottle, is also disclosed.

Abstract: High performance wholly aromatic polyamide fibers are provided possessing a novel chemical structure. The fibers of the present invention have chain extending bonds from the aromatic nuclei thereof which are coaxial or parallel and oppositely directed, and have a sulfur content of about 0.5 to 10 percent by weight (e.g. 0.5 to 3 percent by weight) as sulfonic acid and/or sulfonate groups attached to the aromatic nuclei. Not only do the fibers exhibit highly satisfactory tenacity (at least 15 grams per denier), elongation (at least 1.5 percent), and initial modulus (at least 400 grams per denier), but they exhibit an increased resistance to burning when compared to conventional unsubstituted aromatic polyamides. The fibers also exhibit particularly good resistance to organic solvents.

Abstract: A novel polyester is provided which has been found to exhibit a thermotropic melt phase at a temperature which enables it readily to undergo melt processing to form quality fibers, molded articles, etc. The polyester of the present invention is formed primarily of recurring 6-oxy-2-naphthoyl and p-oxybenzoyl moieties in the proportions indicated. The hydrogen atoms present upon the aromatic rings of these moieties optionally may be at least partially substituted (as described). Also, minor amounts of other ester-forming moieties may be included in the polyester so long as the thermotropic character and ease of melt processability is retained. In a preferred embodiment the wholly aromatic polyester is capable of undergoing melt processing at a temperature below approximately 325.degree. C., and in a particularly preferred embodiment at a temperature of approximately 280.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing 1,4-butanediol by (1) selectively hydrogenating acrolein to a product mixture of allyl alcohol and residual acrolein in a 2:1 ratio, (2) converting the product mixture to acrolein diallyl acetal under acidic conditions, (3) selectively hydroformylating the acrolein diallyl acetal to a trialdehyde, and (4) reacting the trialdehyde under substantially neutral hydrolysis/hydrogenation conditions to yield 1,4-butanediol.Acrolein is converted into tetrahydrofuran employing the process conditions described above, except that the step (4) hydrolysis/hydrogenation reaction is conducted under acidic conditions.

Abstract: Anisotropic dopes having a polymer content of at least about 20% by weight of the dope are provided. The dope may be spun into fibers, extruded as films or utilized as a fracturing agent in subterranean formations. The preparation of the dope involves dissolving a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyacryloyloxybenzoic acid, polymethacryloyloxybenzoic acid, polyacryloylaminobenzoic acid, polymethacryloylaminobenzoic acid, and mixtures thereof in an aqueous solution containing a compound selected from the group consisting of Group I metal compounds and compounds containing a protonated amine group.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing tetrahydrofuran by the reaction of 3-(5'-alkyl-1',3'-dioxane)propionaldehyde and/or 3-(5'-alkyl-1',3'-dioxane)propanol and/or 4-hydroxybutanal with hydrogen in an aqueous medium having a pH between about 0.1 and 5. Maintenance of the reaction medium within the specified acidic range of pH is an important feature of the invention process.