Abstract: A process for hydrodesulfurization in which gasoline boiling range petroleum feed and hydrogen are contacted in a reactor with a fixed bed hydrodesulfurization catalyst at an WHSV of greater than 6, pressure of less than 300 psig and temperature of 300 to 700° F. wherein the pressure and temperature of the reactor are adjusted to maintain the reaction effluent at its boiling point and below it dew point whereby at least a portion but less than all of the reaction mixture is vaporized.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for treating a complex mixture of hydrocarbons containing undesirable olefinic compounds to remove the mono olefins and diolefins in two stages and separate a desirable key component from the mixture, by first treating the key component in a reactive distillation column under mild conditions to hydrogenate diolefins then separating the diolefin-depleted key component and any lighter materials from the heavier components and sending the diolefin-depleted key component and lighter materials to a second reactive distillation column where the lights are removed overhead and the diolefin-depleted key component is hydrogenated under more severe conditions to remove the mono olefins.

Abstract: A process for producing dialkyl carbonates, such as dimethyl carbonate, from the reaction of a primary alcohol with urea in the presence of a catalyst which is a complex compound represented by R2Sn(OCH3)2.&khgr;L, wherein R=CnH2n+1, n=1 to 12, &khgr;=1 or 2, and L is oxygen atom containing organic complexing agent which is carried out by conducting the reaction continuously under reactive distillation conditions wherein the product DMC is stripped from the reaction mixture with methanol and further including the recovery of product dimethyl carbonate (DMC) made in the process by contacting a stream containing the DMC, such as a azeotropic mixture with methanol, with diethyl oxylate under conditions of extractive distillation to selectively separate the DMC from methanol.

Abstract: Olefin co- or homopolymers having a good molecular weight and short chain branching may be prepared in the presence of a pyridyl bridged bisphosphinimine complex of a Group 8, 9 or 10 metal.

Abstract: A liquid solid separation apparatus having a porous metal pipe sealed inside a non-porous metal pipe which allows a portion of the liquids, e.g., hydrocarbons and water to pass through the first pipe into the non porous pipe from which they are removed while solids are retained within the porous pipe. In the process there is a system pressure which aids in the filtration and a circulating velocity which removes the detained solids. Preferably a portion of these solids with reduced liquid content are recycled back to the system, mixed with fresh feed. By recycling a porion of the recovered solid concentrate the velocity of the flow in the system kept constant and the system itself is stabilized.

Abstract: A dual reactor process for the solution (co)polymerization of ethylene uses a catalyst having a phosphinimine ligand in each of the two reactors. In a preferred embodiment, the two reactors are operated at different temperatures and/or with different cocatalyst systems (such as “alumoxanes” and “ionic activators”) for the preparation of linear low density polyethylene (“LLPDE”) having a broad molecular weight distribution. Certain LLDPE polymers of this invention have an outstanding balance of physical properties (high dart impact strength and tear strength) excellent optical properties and excellent processability.

Abstract: Organometallic complexes of titanium or zirconium having only three ligands (namely a cyclopentadienyl ligand, a phosphinimine ligand and an activatable ligand) are catalyst components for olefin polymerization. Preferred polymerization systems are prepared by combining the organometallic complexes with an ionic activator and/or an alumoxane. Preferred catalyst components contain titanium (III) and are used in ethylene polymerization.

Abstract: This invention is a solution process for the preparation of high molecular weight ethylene copolymers comprising contacting olefin monomers, with a catalyst system at a polymerization temperature at or above about 80° C. with a catalyst system comprising an unbridged Group 4 metal compound having a monocyclopentadienyl ligand, a phosphinimine ligand and at least one uninegative, activation reactive ligand. The process can be practiced at a reaction temperature of at least 80° C. to obtain high number average molecular weight polymer.

Abstract: Shrink films having an outstanding balance of physical properties and shrink properties are manufactured from “pseudohomogeneous” linear low density polyethylene resin. The preferred pseudohomogeneous resins used in the present invention are prepared with an advanced Ziegler Natta catalyst (having a magnesium component and a titanium component), preferably in medium pressure solution polymerization process. The films of this invention may be employed in a variety of uses, including, 1) “overwrap” packaging to protect goods during transportation, distribution, handling and display; and 2) food packaging, such as shrink wrap for frozen poultry, primal meat cuts and processed meat and cheese products.

Abstract: Aluminoxanes are used as activators for the gas, solution or slurry phase polymerization of olefins in the presence of single site catalysts. Aluminoxanes contain residual aluminum alkyls which may poison the catalysts. The residual aluminum alkyls may be bound an/or removed from the aluminoxanes by treatment with carbohydrates such as cellulose, starch or sugar.

Abstract: Olefin co- or homopolymers having a good molecular weight and short chain branching may be prepared in the presence of a tridentate complex of a Group 8, 9 or 10 metal.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization of a diesel boiling range petroleum fraction wherein the hydrodesulfurization is carried out concurrently with a fractional distillation in a distillation column reactor containing a catalyst bed. The diesel is fed above the catalyst bed and hydrogen is fed below the bed. The heat for the distillation is provided by the heat of reaction of the hydrodesulfurization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Ziegler-Natta catalyst useful in solution processes for the polymerization of olefins having a low amount of aluminum and magnesium. The catalysts of the present invention have a molar ratio of magnesium to the first aluminum component from 4.0:1 to 5.5:1 and molar ratio of magnesium to transition metal from 4.0:1 to 5.5:1.

Abstract: A three stage process for producing propylene oxide from propylene, oxygen, and hydrogen. The first reaction step is the oxidation of isopropanol/water with molecular oxygen in a reaction-distillation column (approx. 500 psi and 350° F.), to produce hydrogen peroxide and acetone. The column is configured with an upper high liquid holdup reaction zone and a lower short residence time stripping zone. Inert gas circulating through the column effects separation of the hydrogen peroxide as part of the bottoms fraction and acetone as part of the distillate fraction. The liquid part of the distillate fraction comprising acetone, isopropanol and water is then reacted with hydrogen (second reaction step) under reactive-distillation conditions to convert the contained acetone back to isopropanol for subsequent recycle to the first reaction step. The third reaction step is the epoxidation of propylene (in stoichiometric excess) with the hydrogen peroxide solution in the presence of a titanium silicalite catalyst.

Abstract: A process for oligomerization of C4 and C5 isoolefins or the etherification thereof with C1 to C6 alcohols wherein the reactants are contacted first in a partial liquid phase reactor (boiling point reactor) with a fixed bed acid cation exchange resin catalyst at an LHSV of 5 to 20, pressure of 0 to 400 psig and temperature of 120 to 300° F., at a pressure to maintain the reaction mixture at its boiling point whereby at least a portion but less than all of the reaction mixture is vaporized and the entire reaction stream is directed to a catalytic distillation column reactor for further reaction of the reactants, where the improvement is having a decoupling drum between the boiling point reactor and the catalytic distillation column reactor. The addition of a decoupler drum allows the reactors to operate at a pressure independent of each other.

Abstract: A composite scaffolding plank made from a plurality of wooden boards positioned in side to side parallel abutment. At least one of such boards is a whole natural wooden board, and at least one of such boards is a laminated wooden board. A plurality of spaced pins extend transversely through the wooden boards. A cam means on the pins pulls and holds the boards together. In addition, my invention is a method of forming wide wooden planks from two or more narrow wooden boards (as described) by positioning the boards in side to side parallel abutment and embedding a plurality of spaced pins transversely through the boards. Further, a method of increasing the strength of a wooden plank is to cut the plank longitudinally into sections, add at least one laminated wooden board, position the sections in side to side parallel abutment, and subsequently embed a plurality of spaced pins in the sections.

Abstract: A dual shear mixing element for use in a chemical reactor. The device may be used in processes where liquids of different temperatures need to be thoroughly mixed in a short period of time and solute must stay in solution. The present invention is particularly useful in the solution polymerization of polyolefins, especially in the medium pressure process for the preparation of linear low density polyethylene.

Abstract: A device for improving the efficiency, safety and cleanliness of cooking on a grill wherein the device is placed between the item being cooked and the heat source. Said device being a chamber with dimensions proportional to those of the cooking surface. The chamber is encased by a top surface and a bottom surface. The bottom surface is to be compatible with and coated by an oxidation catalyst, constructed by one or more layers, have structural integrity and constructed so that gases can pass freely through the structure while any liquids or solids falling from above would be interrupted by impingement. The top surface is to be compatible with and coated by an oxidation catalyst and having a structure constructed of one or more layers which would allow substantial flow of liquids and gases. The top and bottom surface forming a chamber with dimensions of separation ranging from 0.1 inches to 6 inches. The top layer to be optimized for collecting and oxidizing the fats and oils to reduce flame but not smoke.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel complexes of (transition) metals containing ligands having phosphorus centers supporting a carbene structure or heteroalkane radical bonded to the (transition) metal.

Abstract: A process for the hydrodesulfurization of a cracked naphtha stream is disclosed where very little of the valuable olefins are saturated. The process is a two staged process wherein the H2S is removed between the stages to prevent recombinant mercaptans formation. Because the H2S is removed between the stages milder conditions can be used in the second stage polishing reactor to achieve the same desulfurization levels with less olefin loss.