Abstract: A method of determining with improved accuracy, the temperature margin to saturation of a heated pressurized liquid or vapor contained in a closed system. This method is characterized by the utilization of a direct measurement of the pressure margin to saturation instead of a measurement of the actual pressure of the system. The actual temperature of the system is used to determine the appropriate portion of the saturation curve to be used for the conversion of the pressure margin to saturation to the temperature margin to saturation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing characteristics of nuclear fuel pellet interaction with nuclear reactor fuel rod cladding whereby the temperature profile within a nuclear fuel rod is more closely modeled in the test device than in the prior art discloses the use of high frequency microwave radiation to heat the fuel pellets within the cladding and using the cladding itself as a waveguide. Sensors monitor various operating parameters and a water jacket cools the test cladding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an Improved Mascara Applicator which is used to apply mascara to eyelashes. The Improved Mascara Applicator of the present invention incorporates a unique applicator design which contains a multiplicity of rows of closely spaced and evenly spaced applicator flukes which permits each eyelash to be evenly coated with mascara. The unique applicator design also incorporates a series of communicating channels between the multiplicity of rows of applicator flukes in order to permit mascara to flow from one row to the next. This built in mascara reservoir channel design feeds each of the mascara coating flukes with mascara in order to assure proper mascara flow to each eyelash. This unique design further eliminates the requirement of frequently dipping the mascara applicator into a pool of mascara to replenish the applicator.The present invention also relates to an improved method of manufacturing the head of this mascara applicator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a receptacle for collection of monies on a mass location basis. Though use of the present invention, money can be safely collected on a mass location basis without the necessity of an individual attendant at each collection site.

Abstract: A method for replacing tubes in a drum or header without removing the whole tube entirely is disclosed. According to the method, the old tube is cut off level with the header-member; a recess coterminous with the diameter of the tube is machined into the header creating a seat for a new tube; the recessed old tube end is beveled and the old tube is welded into the header-member along the bevel; and a new tube is inserted into the seat and welded to the exterior of the header-member. In a preferred embodiment, a countersink is machined in the surface of the header-member to create a greater surface for welding of the new tube.

Abstract: A ball valve seat is provided which comprises two separate reinforcement members, preferably of metal, embedded in an annular resilient body. The interior of the resilient body defines at one end a part-hemispherical ball valve seat and at its other end, of greater wall thickness, an outlet controlled by the ball valve. One of the reinforcing members has a flared skirt extending into the narrower wall thickness end of the resilient body and a narrower neck located in the wider wall thickness end of the resilient body, where it is received in an annular groove in the second reinforcement member. A portion of the second reinforcement member extends within the wider wall thickness end of the resilient body radially of the first reinforcement member over its skirt portion.

Abstract: A marking system for providing a superficial metallurgically immaterial mark on zirconium, its alloys, and other metals is disclosed. The method includes producing a thin oxide layer on the surface of the metal, and locally heating a portion of the oxide layer to reduce it to the base metal and oxygen, which is driven into solid solution, thereby leaving a mark of contrasting color.

Abstract: A semiautomatic weld grinding apparatus for grinding the surface of a weld seam interconnecting two perpendicularly disposed tubular sections. The grinding apparatus is capable of grinding off excess weld from a saddle-type nozzle to shell weldment that follows a circular path through a plurality of planes. Alternatively, the apparatus is adaptable to function as a welding or a cutting apparatus that follows the saddle-shaped path created at the interface of two perpendicularly disposed tubular sections.

Abstract: In this type of nozzle penetration, the nozzle (6) consists of a material different than that of the closure (1). In addition, closure (1) is provided with an inside plating. In order to avoid heat stresses on the tension coupling (15) between nozzle (6) and closure (1), a compensating ring (8) is provided between the shoulder (9) of nozzle (6) and contact surface (7) of closure (1). The height "h" of the compensating ring (8) and its material are selected in such a way that the change in elongation resulting from heat expansion of the nozzle and closure materials is compensated in the region of the distance extending from shoulder (9) to tension coupling (15). The material and height "h" can be selected in such a way that a predictable difference in stress is created in the area of the tension coupling upon heating.