Abstract: A method for removing solid wastes from an organic extractant-based SX/EW copper processing system. A lixivant is initially applied to copper ore, followed by mixing of the copper-containing lixivant product with an organic extractant. The organic extractant (which contains extracted copper ions) is then contacted with an electrolyte solution. At least part of the remaining organic fraction after electrolyte contact is passed through a filtration membrane (either an ultrafiltration or microfiltration membrane) to remove solid wastes. The filtered organic fraction is then reused within the system, followed by electrowinning of the copper-containing electrolyte to recover purified copper. Alternatively, the organic extractant may be membrane-filtered after initial contact with the copper-containing lixivant product to remove solid wastes from the organic extractant.

Abstract: Dietary supplement formulation which increases lean body mass without concomitant increase of body fat mass, an effect parallel to that seen with usage of synthetic anabolic steroidal compounds but without adverse side-effects. The formulation composition of the invention comprises creatine, taurine, ribonucleic acid, and optimally, a carbohydrate (starch or a simple saccharide)component for enhancing cellular uptake. Other components such as alpha-ketoglutaric acid and salts thereof, and beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyric acid and salts thereof can be added for optimal results. The composition may be taken alone or in combination with a nutrient base, which typically includes protein source(s), carbohydrate(s), vitamin(s), and mineral(s) and other amino acids such as L-Glutamine and other natural L-form non-branched chain or branched chain amino acids. Actual studies in weight trained men show statistically significant increases in lean body mass yet with decreases in fat mass within 28 days.

Abstract: A can end for a two-piece beverage can including a generally flat radially extending portion; a score panel defined in the generally flat radially extending portion by an arcuate score, the score panel having a central, longitudinal axis projecting in a first axial direction and a second axial direction opposite the first direction; an annular emboss bead formed in the score panel and projecting in a first axial direction; and an annular deboss bead formed in the score panel and projecting in the second axial direction.

Abstract: A system for applying textile treatment compositions to textile materials. A conduit member is provided which includes a passageway having a first end, a second end, and a medial portion with a constricted (narrowed) region. The passageway may include at least one baffle having an opening therethrough. A yarn strand is then moved through the passageway. A textile treatment composition (a sizing agent or dye) dissolved in a carrier medium (a supercritical fluid or liquified gas) is thereafter introduced into the constricted region, preferably at an acute angle relative to the passageway. The carrier medium expands inside the passageway which causes delivery of the treatment composition to the yarn. The treated yarn then passes through the baffle (if used) which facilitates drying of the yarn. During this process, a carrier gas can be introduced into the passageway to ensure the production of a smooth, dry product.

Abstract: A can body maker wherein the redraw sleeve is provided with an plurality of air escape openings to provide for the passage of air as the ram moves through the redraw sleeve and wherein the redraw sleeve is attached to the armature of a linear motor which includes a generally cylindrical armature which moves within a surrounding, coaxial stator. The armature includes a plurality of axially spaced apart armature salient pole rings separated by permanent magnet rings. The stator includes a plurality of axially spaced apart stator salient poles which each form a ring radially spaced from and surrounding a portion of the armature. The axial spacing between adjacent stator salient pole rings is one-third greater than the axial spacing between the armature salient pole rings, and an electromagnetic coil extends circumferentially within the stator around the armature between each stator salient pole ring.

Abstract: An improvement in necking apparatus for forming a necked end on a can body wherein during the necking operation pressurized air moves into the interior of a can body being necked through an open end portion of a conduit in a knock out ram which knock out ram is reciprocally mounted in the necking die and wherein valve means are provided to control the amount of pressurized air flowing out through the open end portion and to retain the pressurized air in the conduit after the necking operation has been completed.

Abstract: A collapsible holder for protecting an article or articles contained therein, and in particular sunglasses, wherein at least three relatively rigid members of a generally rectangular shape are pivotally connected together and a separable closure is provided so that the at least three relatively rigid members may be formed into a rigid triangular shape for holding the sunglasses when not in use and folded into a compact relationship with the at least three relatively rigid members in a superposed parallel relationship when the sunglasses are in use.

Abstract: A multi-function fluid treatment system which can filter fluids or diffuse gases into liquids. To achieve filtration, the system includes a housing with multiple filter cartridges therein. The cartridges are connected to a drive system which rotates them in unison. Fluids to be filtered enter the housing and surround the cartridges. Cartridge rotation scrubs solids from the cartridges and promotes fluid flow therein. A separate cleaning system is also provided which involves a cartridge wiping assembly having multiple wiping members thereon. The wiping members directly contact the cartridges to remove collected debris and preferably involve multiple bristles secured to a vertical support member. The support member may consist of dual wires secured together with the bristles therebetween. The bristles can also be arranged in elongate rows (one row per cartridge) on the support member. In either embodiment, the wiping assembly improves filtration efficiency and reduces maintenance requirements.

Abstract: A method for providing paperboard to paperboard facing surfaces for forming an effective seal for cartons formed from a laminate of a relatively flexible fluid impervious material and a relatively rigid paperboard material.

Abstract: Apparatus for moving articles, such as lids for containers, from one location to other locations depending on processing requirements of a manufacturing operation wherein a continuous supply of lids are separated into units, each having a plurality of lids, which units are moved into a plurality of infeed stations and transferred to one of a plurality of inclined generally planar surfaces in spaced apart generally parallel relationship and wherein the lids roll over the inclined generally planar surfaces under the influence of gravity and wherein the transfer of a unit from an infeed station to one of the plurality of inclined generally planar surfaces and the movement thereover is controlled by a plurality of pivotally mounted gates. Heating means are provided for curing a heat curable coating on portions of the lids when necessary.

Abstract: A carton blank comprising a relatively rigid material having an inner surface, having a central body portion and opposite edge portions and wherein a relatively flexible material, preferably fluid impervious, having a central body portion and opposite edge portions has its central body portion secured to the central body portion of the relatively rigid material and the opposite edge portions of the relatively rigid material and the relatively flexible material are not secured to each other. In some instances strips of another relatively flexible material are secured to the opposite edge portions of the relatively flexible material but are not secured to the opposite edge portions of the reactively rigid material. In other instances, a plurality of spaced apart strips of a relatively flexible material are superposed over portions of a relatively rigid material and a plastic coating is applied to the exposed surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A carton blank formed from a laminate of a relatively flexible fluid impervious material and a relatively rigid paperboard material is provided with paperboard to paperboard facing surfaces so that an effective seal can be formed.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for lowering the concentration of a serum lipid or lipoprotein component in a mammal, including the step of administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a hypolipidemic, therapeutically effective amount of at least one creatine derivative.

Abstract: A method for cracking a liquid hydrocarbon composition (e.g. crude oil) to produce a cracked hydrocarbon product. A liquid hydrocarbon composition is initially provided. An electrical arc is generated directly within the hydrocarbon composition so that the arc is entirely submerged in the composition. Arc generation is preferably accomplished using a primary and secondary electrode each having a first end submerged in the composition. The first ends of the electrodes are separated from each other to form a gap therebetween. An electrical potential is then applied to the electrodes to generate the arc within the gap. A reactive gas is thereafter delivered to the arc which forms a bubble around the arc. Gas delivery may be accomplished by providing a passageway through each electrode and delivering the gas through the passageways. The arc and gas cooperate to produce a plasma which efficiently cracks the hydrocarbon composition.

Abstract: A shim and method for using the same for adjusting camber and/or toe of a wheel assembly wherein first and second tapered annular shims are coupled together to permit relative rotation therebetween and each of the first and second tapered annular shims have visible indicia thereon. A chart is consulted to obtain an indicium on the first tapered annular shim that is to be aligned with an indicium on the second tapered annular shim so that the first and second tapered annular shims may be rotated to align the indicium on each shim so that the aligned indicia may be placed in the wheel assembly at a reference point on the wheel assembly to make the required camber and/or toe adjustments.