Abstract: Crystalline materials having increased mechanical strength and improved chemical properties are provided by incorporating carbonate by contact treatment with carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) to modify the alkaline earth oxide morphology. Alkaline earth-containing particulate solids are stabilized in the crystalline oxide structure, preferrably with dense phase or supercritical CO.sub.2. Typical industrial applications include particulate contact solids, catalysts, binders and monolithic structures.

Abstract: Layered silicate materials of high thermal stability and surface area which contain interspathic oxides such as silica as prepared by treating a layered silicate, with organic cation, to spread the layers apart. A compound such as tetraethylorthosilicate, capable of forming said oxide, is thereafter introduced between the layers. The resulting product is treated to form the oxide, e.g. by hydrolysis, to produce the layered silicate material. The resulting product may be employed as a catalyst material in the conversion of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention relates to acid catalysis, e.g. cracking, of organic compound feedstock, e.g. hydrocarbons, over catalyst material treated in a special way for increasing the acid catalytic activity thereof. In particular, a novel catalyst activation process is followed to enhance the alpha value of high-silica zeolite catalyst by contact with an ammoniacal solution of ammonium hydroxide and an alkali metal aluminate under appropriate conditions of time, temperature of pH.

Abstract: A process is described for regenerating a coke and poison deactivated noble metal-containing zeolite catalyst material. The activity of the catalyst after oxygen regeneration can be improved by treating the oxidized catalyst at temperatures from 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. (212.degree.-482.degree. F.) or lower, preferably 100.degree. to 200.degree. C. (212.degree.-392.degree. F.), or most preferably 150.degree. to 200.degree. C. (302.degree.-392.degree. F.), in a reducing atmosphere, as opposed to higher conventional reducing temperatures. The process permits catalyst reactivation by removing coke and other poisons, such as nitrogen, from the catalyst while avoiding excess agglomeration of the noble metals thereon.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for flocculating suspensions containing (a) layered oxide materials intercalated with a hydrophobic swelling agent and (b) nonintercalated hydrophobic swelling agent. The suspension is contacted with a ketone, water, and a cationic organic polymer; the resulting mixture is maintained at a sufficiently alkaline pH to prevent removal of the intercalated swelling agent during the flocculation treatment. This method is particularly useful for preparing swelled layered chalcogenide materials for the introduction of interspathic polymeric chalcogenide precursors in order to form a thermally stable product.

Abstract: A process is described for rejuvenating a coke-deactivated noble metal-containing zeolite catalyst material which comprises removing coke from a non-sulfided catalyst by contacting the catalyst with oxygen only in the presence of sulfur dioxide, and thereafter reducing the catalyst in the presence of a reducing agent such as hydrogen. The process permits catalyst reactivation by burning off coke from the catalyst while avoiding excessive agglomeration of the noble metal thereon.

Abstract: A method for increasing the total amount of lattice metal in the framework of a particular porous inorganic crystalline composition, its conversion to hydrogen or hydronium form and use thereof as a catalyst component having enhanced catalytic activity for conversion of paraffins and/or olefins to higher hydrocarbons is provided.

Abstract: A method for purifying zeolitic materials comprising a plurality of solid crystalline phases is disclosed which utilizes the variation in solubility between the phase components comprising the materials. Impure zeolite is contacted with a caustic solution under conditions which dissolve at least one of the phases and the resulting zeolitic material is filtered and washed to produce a purified product.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for hydrogenating or partially hydrogenating polynuclear aromatics by contacting them with manganese nodules in the presence of hydrogen at elevated temperatures. The resulting partially hydrogenated products are useful as hydrogen donors in processes such as thermal cracking.

Abstract: A new crystalline zirconium phosphate composition and method for its synthesis are provided. The composition has ion exchange properties and is readily convertible to catalytically active material by thermal treatment.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing structured catalysts in which a zeolite is uniformly dispersed on at least one surface of a porous support. The porous support may be organic or inorganic, and in the form of a particle, a sheet, a rod, a tube, or a shape object. The article is prepared by coating the porous support with a sol formed by suspending the zeolite in a polymerizable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: An ethanol fermentation process in which an aqueous solution of fermentable sugar is converted by an ethanol-producing microorganism such as a yeast to a dilute aqueous solution of ethanol with the ethanol being present in the solution at a concentration which does not exceed a predetermined maximum level, wherein ethanol present in the solution is selectively sorbed within a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite so that the non-sorbed ethanol present in the solution does not exceed the predetermined maximum level of concentration therein, and thereafter exposing the ethanol-containing zeolite to ethanol conversion conditions to effect conversion of the ethanol to hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide) is converted to hydrocarbons by flowing the gas first over iron-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and then over a zeolite. The Fischer-Tropsch catalyst contains relatively little nitrogen as a result of its preparation by continuous precipitation at a pH ranging from about 6.6 to 6.9 and a temperature ranging from about 80.degree. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a noble metal-containing zeolite catalyst of high noble metal dispersion. The process of crystallizing a zeolite from a forming mixture which contains an organic template, treating the zeolite by calcining or chemical oxidation to remove the template from the zeolite, mulling the zeolite with an inorganic oxide binder and a noble metal-containing solution, and thereafter extruding the blended mixture.

Abstract: A method is described for non-oxidatively reactivating coked dewaxing catalyst comprising a zeolite component such as ZSM-5 or zeolite beta. Use of a noble metal as a hydrogenation component associated with the zeolite component, preferably palladium, results in a catalyst which is readily reactivatable by contact with hydrogen at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A method for reactivating noble metal-containing zeolites containing sulfur oxide poisoned noble metal such as oxygen regenerated platinum zeolite beta catalysts, by contacting the catalyst with an acidic aqueous solution having a pH below about 7. The solution contains a Bronsted acid compound having a dissociation constant ranging from about 1.times.10.sup.-14 to about 2.times.10.sup.-1.

Abstract: Method for measuring particulates in flue gas streams containing chemicals reactive with trace elements in the filters is disclosed which features pretreating the filters with chemicals comparable to those in the process stream whereby the reactions are completed prior to the measurement step, in particular, prior to establishment of the tare weight of said filter.

Abstract: A method is provided for enhancing the shape selectivity of a crystalline zeolite having a silica-to-alumina mol ratio greater than 10. The method consists of treating the zeolite with an ammonium fluoride solution at moderately elevated temperature, in the absence or in the presence of a matrix. The products are useful as shape-selective sorbents, and also as shape-selective catalysts for organic reactions including catalytic dewaxing.

Abstract: Heat-damaged ZSM-5 type catalysts are reclaimed by hydrothermal treatment with an aqueous medium followed by base exchange with an ammonium salt.

Abstract: Natural and synthetic micorporous crystalline minerals that have a robust three-dimensional framework are modified by treatment with a molten salt that contains a component that reacts with the framework. Highly siliceous ZSM-5 and some aluminum phosphate compositions are catalytically activated by this method.