Abstract: Natural and synthetic micorporous crystalline minerals that have a robust three-dimensional framework are modified by treatment with a molten salt that contains a component that reacts with the framework. Highly siliceous ZSM-5 and some aluminum phosphate compositions are catalytically activated by this method.

Abstract: A stereo-differentiating catalyst containing metal is prepared by contacting a metal-containing acidic molecular sieve material, such as a zeolite with an optically active base, such as amine. Methods are disclosed for utilizing the catalyst in hydrocarbon conversion processes, e.g., hydrogenation and hydroformylation.

Abstract: The acid activity of a high silica content crystalline zeolite that contains framework boron is increased by hydrolyzing a portion of the boron and compositing the crystals with a binder that contains alumina.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process which is adapted for cyclodimerization of 1,3-butadiene to 4-vinylcyclohexene-1 under Diels-Alder conditions in the presence of a copper-containing ZSM-12.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising hydrocarbon compounds to product comprising hydrocarbon compounds of lower molecular weight than feedstock hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst composition comprising a crystalline layered silicate material.

Abstract: A process is provided wherein dissolved salts are selectively extracted from aqueous saline media by contacting the aqueous media with a solvent comprising a water insoluble organic diluent such as kerosene and a surfactant capable of effecting a preferntial transfer of solubilized salts in the aqueous media into the non-aqueous phase.

Abstract: The viscosity index of synthetic lubricant stocks such as those produced by olefin oligomerization is increased by contacting such stocks with a solid acidic isomerization catalyst such as boron trifluoride at elevated temperatures, say above about 200.degree. C. The high viscosity index fractions of the resulting product may be sorbed by a shape-selective zeolite such as ZSM-5 and recovered to produce a high VI lubricant.

Abstract: Large crystal aluminosilicate zeolites of the ZSM-5 type, as crystallized having at least one crystalline dimension in excess of about 1 micron are prepared by introducing an alkyl ammonium compound or its precursor into the crystallization mixture under high agitation and controlled conditions of concentration and temperature.

Abstract: The useful life of a deactivated inorganic pillared clay catalyst or an inorganic pillared clay sorbent saturated with a steam-distillable organic sorbate is extended by adding a small amount of ammonia to the regeneration gas or to the regeneration steam.

Abstract: A coke-deactivated noble metal-containing catalyst is sulfided with a sulfiding agent, e.g., H.sub.2 S in H.sub.2, then coke is burned from the sulfided catalyst by contacting the catalyst with oxygen, optionally in the presence of sulfur dioxide, and then the catalyst is reduced with a reducing agent, e.g., H.sub.2. The process permits burning off coke while avoiding excessive agglomeration of the noble metals on the catalyst.

Abstract: A process is described for rejuvenation of a deactivated highly siliceous noble metal-containing zeolite catalyst which contains agglomerated noble metals. The process comprises initially reducing the deactivated catalyst in hydrogen, pretreating the thus reduced catalyst with an inert gas stream containing about 0.001 to 10 weight percent hydrogen chloride, redispersing the noble metal with an inert gas stream containing about 0.001 to 10 weight percent Cl in the form of Cl.sub.2 or Cl-containing organic material, and subsequently reducing the catalyst. The Cl-treatments may optionally occur in the presence of oxygen or sources of oxygen.

Abstract: Highly specific catalyst compositions are provided, comprising zeolites containing a photoassisting material, which is capable of catalyzing photoassisted heterogenous catalytic reactions within the zeolite structure. The photoassisting material can be sorbed by the zeolite or incorporated directly within the zeolitic framework.

Abstract: An improved method of synthesizing highly siliceous ZSM-23 zeolitic material is disclosed and claimed. The method comprises preparing a reaction mixture which comprises sources of an alkali metal, an oxide of aluminum (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3), an oxide of silicon (SiO.sub.2), water and a nitrogen-containing organic cation R.sup.+, and having the following composition, in terms of mole ratios:______________________________________ Broad Preferred ______________________________________ SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 5,000 to .infin. 10,000 to .infin. H.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 5 to 200 20 to 100 OH.sup.- /SiO.sub.2 0 to 0.60 0.10 to 0.40 M.sup.+ /SiO.sub.2 0.01 to 2.0 0.10 to 1.0 R.sup.+ /SiO.sub.2 0.01 to 2.0 0.05 to 1.0 ______________________________________wherein M.sup.+ is a cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal and R.sup.+ is an organic cation of the formula (CH.sub.3).sub.3 N.sup.+ --R.sub.1 --N.sup.+ (CH.sub.3).sub.3 wherein R.sub.

Abstract: Synthesis gas (a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide) is converted to hydrocarbons by flowing the gas first over iron-containing Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and then over a zeolite. The Fischer-Tropsch catalyst contains relatively little nitrogen as a result of its preparation by continuous precipitation at a pH ranging from about 6.6 to 6.9 and a temperature ranging from about 80.degree. to about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for hydrotreating residual oil which comprises utilizing a hydrotreating catalyst which contains a thermally stable composition comprising a layered metal oxide containing an interspathic polymeric oxide having a d-spacing of at least about 10 angstroms at hydrotreating conditions. Said conditions include temperature ranging from about 357.degree. C. to 454.degree. C. (675.degree. F. to 850.degree. F.), a hydrogen partial pressure of at least about 2860 kPa (400 psig) and a liquid hourly space velocity ranging between about 0.1 and 10 hr.sup.-1.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the isomerization of xylenes over a zeolite which may contain a platinum group metal. The improvement resides in the use of ZSM-23 zeolite which exhibits enhanced selectivity which inhibits the production of undesired C.sub.9.sup.+ aromatic transalkylation by-products. ZSM-23 having pores substantially unobstructed by silica, such as that made from a forming mixture containing amorphous precipitated silica as a silica source, has been found to be particularly useful in the process of the present invention.

Abstract: Grease compositions, wherein the grease is thickened with a metal hydroxy-containing soap grease thickener are provided. Other essential ingredients of the compositions include borated hydrocarbyl epoxides and phosphorus and sulfur moieties.

Abstract: An improved Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Process wherein vaporization of oil feed is optimized prior to catalytic cracking. A draft tube mixer placed in the lower reactor riser splits the hot regenerated catalyst flow into two streams resulting in improved riser mixing of catalyst and oil.

Abstract: An improved moving bed continuous catalytic cracking process for cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as gas oil, in the absence of added hydrogen, which includes the use of a minute amount of dispersed platinum supported directly on a cracking catalyst. The trace of platinum induces a substantial increase in the heat efficiency with which coke on catalyst is converted to CO.sub.2 in the regenerator section with minimal or no detriment to the cracking reaction.

Abstract: Lubricant and liquid fuel compositions containing a product made by reacting a boronating agent with a hydrocarbyl epoxide are provided. The invention also provides the product per se.