Abstract: The present system or structure for cooling a combustion end of a fuel injection nozzle is accomplished by providing a cooling passage for skin cooling of the portion of the nozzle directly exposed to the combustion flames. A twofold path is provided through which cooling air can enter cooling passages and cool an end portion of a second member and a tip. A first flow path is intended to primarily cool the tip and further cool the end portion. A second flow path is intended to ensure primary cooling of the end portion Thus the combustor end of the fuel injection nozzle is maintained at a temperature low enough to prevent failure of the combustor end through oxidation, cracking and buckling. Both the cooling flow paths dump the spent air in a cavity formed between the injector nozzle and a combustor. The spent cooling air becomes a part of the main combustion air and, therefore, does not adversely affect the combustion process in general and NOx and CO emissions in particular.

Abstract: Turbocharger compressor wheels rotate at high speeds resulting in noise which is emitted therefrom. To widen the performance band of turbochargers certain efficiency improvements have increased the noise emitted therefrom above the normal level of acceptability by the operator and spectators. The present device for reducing noise emitted therefrom includes a noise reduction system. The system includes a series of deflector fins forming a torturous path between the series of deflector fins associated with the turbocharger compressor inlet and form a torturous path in a secondary inlet. The series of deflector fins have a preestablished spacing therebetween to further enhance the reduction of noise emitted from the turbocharger.

Abstract: Gas purification systems presently use air bleed from an engine and further remove carbon dioxide therefrom. The present gas purification and thermal conditioning system also bleeds from the engine, however; the gas is further partially filtered to remove solids. The gas is heated to a preestablished level having a temperature of between 800 to 1000 degrees Fahrenheit by using a first heat exchanger or recuperator. The system further purifies the gas by using a reactor system including a thermal reactor and a catalytic reactor. The system further purifies the gas by using a polisher and an absorber. After the gas has been purified, the gas is thermally conditioned by a supersonic turbine so that the gas temperature is usable for its intended purpose.

Abstract: The design and construction of past piston assemblies having a wrist pin retained by a pair of snap rings positioned in a groove. Other past piston assemblies have a stubpin or cap positioned within a bore of a piston member or the wrist pin. In these applications the stubpin or cap is in continuous contact along the interface between the bore and the stubpin or cap. The present invention provides a device for retaining a wrist pin within a pair of bores of a piston member during operation of an engine. The device includes a shank portion having an outer portion thereon and only the outer portion of the shank portion being in contact with an inner surface of the wrist pin. The device and the wrist pin forming a wrist pin assembly. Thus, the device remains positioned within the inner surface and properly positioned the wrist pin assembly within the bores during operation of an engine within a bore of a cylinder liner.

Abstract: Past systems have attempted to cool the combustor end or tip of fuel injection nozzles, however, such methods have failed to attain adequate cooling and life. The present system or structure for cooling a tip or combustion end of a fuel injection nozzle is accomplished with a twofold structure. First, a plurality of openings being acutely positioned in the combustor end about a plurality of base circles provide effective air-sweep cooling. Secondly, the convection cooling of a back face and a combustion face provides effective convection cooling. The two structures are combined to provide an effective, efficient cooling of the combustor end or tip. The combustor end of the fuel injection nozzle is maintained at a temperature low enough to prevent failure of the combustor end through oxidation, cracking and buckling and the air-sweep avoids carbon deposits on the combustor face.

Abstract: Existing cooling jets used with present day engines must be manufactured and assembled to precisely direct the coolant to the proper location within the engine to insure efficient cooling of the components within the engine. Many of the present day cooling jets include a structural body having a piece of tubing bent in a preestablished configuration to direct the coolant to the appropriate area within the engine. The cooling nozzle (60) of the present invention includes a non-metallic body (64) and a metallic insert (110). The non-metallic body (64) includes a single passage (84) therein which has a first transition area (92) for directing a cooling fluid (50) into a pair of passages (86) to provide smooth, reduced turbulences and reduced eddie currents.

Abstract: Many recuperators have components which react to corrosive gases and are used in applications where the donor fluid includes highly corrosive gases. These recuperators have suffered reduced life, increased service or maintenance, and resulted in increased cost. The present joint when used with recuperators increases the use of ceramic components which do not react to highly corrosive gases. Thus, the present joint used with the present recuperator increases the life, reduces the service and maintenance, and reduces the increased cost associated with corrosive action of components used to manufacture recuperators. The present joint is comprised of a first ceramic member, a second ceramic member, a mechanical locking device having a groove defined in one of the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member. The joint and the mechanical locking device is further comprised of a refractory material disposed in the groove and contacting the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member.

Abstract: Braking systems for use with internal combustion engine have in the past used a variety of mechanical mechanisms to activate the braking system in addition to the conventional cam, lifters, pushrods and rocker arms. Many of these systems fail to provide the option of controllably and modulatively varying the sequence and amount of the opening and closing of an intake or exhaust valve relative to a piston position in a cylinder bore. The present invention provides an electronic control system outputting an discrete control signal, an opening device for unit actuation of each of the pair of valves independently. The electronic control system is programmable to respond in a first predetermined logic pattern for conventional operation of the engine at which time each of the pair of valves are in the closed position during the compression stroke.

Abstract: Starting systems for use with internal combustion engine have in the past used a variety of add on mechanical mechanisms to provide cold starting. Many of these systems fail to provide the option of controllably and modulatively varying the sequence and amount of the opening and closing of an intake or exhaust valve relative to a piston position in a cylinder bore. The present invention provides an electronic control system outputting an discrete control signal, and an opening device for unit actuation of each of the pair of valves independently. The electronic control system is programmable to respond in a first predetermined logic pattern for conventional operation of the engine at which time each of the pair of valves is in the open position during the exhaust stroke.

Abstract: The known systems and injector nozzles for reducing NOx in the combustion systems of past gas turbine engines has generally failed to effectively and efficiently reduce the NOx level. The present system reduces the formation of NOx within the combustion zone by controlling the air/fuel ratio and more explicitly by controlling the air portion of the air/fuel ratio. The present injector nozzle includes a device for introducing a primary supply of air through the injector nozzle which is sized to have a predetermined cross-sectional area. The injector nozzle further includes a device for introducing a secondary supply of air through the injector nozzle which is sized to have a predetermined area. A device for introducing a primary supply of air through the injector at a controlled rate and a device for passing a main source of fuel through the injector nozzle at a controlled rate relative to the quantity of primary supply of air.

Abstract: Systems to optimize breathing have been used with internal combustion engines in the past and used a variety of mechanical mechanisms to improve breathing and combustion. Many of these systems fail to provide the option of controllably and modulatively varying the sequence and amount of the opening and closing of an intake or exhaust valve relative to a piston position in a cylinder bore. The present invention provides an electronic control system outputting an discrete control signal, and an opening device for unit actuation of each of the pair of valves independently. The electronic control system is programmable to respond in a first predetermined logic pattern for conventional operation of the engine at which time the intake valve is intermittently moved between the closed position and the open position during the intake stroke.

Abstract: The present rotating fan and shroud assembly reduces noise emitted therefrom and increases cooling system efficiency. The rotating fan and shroud assembly when combined with the labyrinth-type seal also improves serviceability and reduces maintenance time and cost. The positioning a the first end of an inlet bell-mouth portion of the shroud assembly between a pair of flexible members allows the assembly to be easily removed for servicing while preventing recirculation of the cooling air. A radially outward extension of the inlet bell-mouth portion, and the positioning of a second end of the inlet bell-mouth portion and its juncture with an intermediate portion in line with a leading edge of each of a plurality of blades provides a uniform contour for the flow of the cooling air as it enters into the plurality of blades.

Abstract: The use of water injection for reduction of NOx emissions in gas turbine engines is well known. Many of the injectors used to supply water to the combustion chamber have used existing dual fuel injectors which are expensive, provide poor mixing, combustion and ineffective water conservation. The present gaseous fuel injector includes a device to cause the swirling of water at an outlet end of the injector, a plurality of tangentially angled passages to cause the swirling of the gaseous fuel and a device for directing a portion of the air into contact with the flow of fuel prior to entering the combustor section. The swirling of the water, gaseous fuel and the air are in the same direction and are all aerodynamically additive resulting in an efficient low cost gaseous fuel injector to reduce NOx emissions.

Abstract: Cooling air delivery systems for gas turbine engines are used to increase component life and increase power and efficiencies. The present system increases the component life and increases efficiencies by better utilizing the cooling air bled from the compressor section of the gas turbine engine. For example, a first flow of cooling air is directed to the nozzle and shroud assembly and another portion of the first flow is exited from the nozzle plenum into an annular reservoir to improve cooling of a rotor assembly and to at least reduce ingestion of hot power gases into the internal portion of the engine. The system further includes a second flow of cooling air which is directed through internal passages of the engine and into the annular reservoir and is used to cool the rotor assembly and to at least reduce ingestion of hot power gases into the internal portion of the gas turbine engine.

Abstract: The design and construction of present oil pan assemblies have caused increased manufacturing cost, reduced seal life and reduced engine reliability. The present invention overcomes these oil pan assembly construction problems by using an oil pan assembly including a thin walled structure having a drain port formed therein. The thin walled structure further has a frusto-conical contoured lip around the drain port being concave toward the inside surface. The frusto-conical contoured lip has a sealing surface on the portion of the outside surface forming the frusto-conical contoured lip. A reinforcing member having a threaded hole therein and a conically contoured support surface at one end of the threaded hole is positioned so that the threaded hole is generally centered about the drain port. The support surface is located in supporting relationship to the frusto-conical lip. A drain plug having a threaded end and a sealing surface also includes an O-ring seal removably attached to the drain plug.

Abstract: Circular heat exchangers have been used to increase the efficiency of engines by absorbing heat from the exhaust gas and transferring a portion of the exhaust heat to the intake air. The present heat exchanger is built to be more efficient, to better resist the internal forces and pressures and to better withstand the thermal stress from the cyclic operation of the engine. The core has a plurality of heat recipient passages therein which have a uniform cross-sectional area throughout the entire length of the passage. And the core further has a plurality of heat donor passages therein which have a uniform cross-sectional area throughout the entire length of the passage.

Abstract: Circular heat exchangers have been used to increase the efficiency of engines by absorbing heat from the exhaust gases and transferring a portion of the exhaust heat to the intake air. The present heat exchanger is built to better resist the internal forces and pressures and to better withstand the thermal stress from the cyclic operation of the engine. The plurality of evenly spaced individual tension rings are positioned about the outer portion of the core and the plurality of compressive hoops which are positioned at the inner portion of the core resisting the forces which are attempting to separate the passages. The rings and the hoops are in contact with the core and totally in heat transferring relationship with the donor fluid. The rings further expand and contract in response to the temperature changes of the donor fluid and maintain a preestablished force on the core of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Circular heat exchangers have been used to increase the efficiency of engines by absorbing heat from the exhaust gases and transferring a portion of the exhaust heat to the intake air. The present heat exchanger is built to better seal the cooler recipient fluid from the heated recipient fluid and the donor fluid within the operation of the heat exchanger. The circular heat exchanger is also easily removable from the engine should repair or servicing be required. The manifold is interwoven between the inlet ports and the outlet ports and sealingly separates the cool recipient fluid from the heated recipient fluid. The tongue and groove compensates for the expansion and contraction of the core due to the thermal variations imputed by exhaust from the engine and compensate for such thermal variations.

Abstract: Circular heat exchangers have been used to increase the efficiency of engines by absorbing heat from the exhaust gases and transferring a portion of the exhaust heat to the intake air. The present heat exchanger is built-up from a plurality of preformed involute curved cells stacked in a circular array to provide flow passages and for the donor fluid and the recipient fluid respectively. The stacked cells are welded along a portion of their edges to secure them in the stacked circular array. Each of the cells have a plurality of corners with the core presenting corresponding corners after the cells are welded together. In order to reinforce the core against thermal stresses and forces generated by pressures of the fluids, circumferential welds are provided at each of the corners.

Abstract: A damper of vibrations of the viscous fluid type has a two-piece housing of which a plate is formed by a spinforming process. The formed plate has a plurality of internal walls of which at least a portion of the walls are usable as bearing surfaces after being spinformed and require no further machining thereof. The damper includes a plurality of individual bearings for radially and axially positioning a rotatable weight within the housing to form preselected spaces between the housing and the weight. An annular supply chamber and the preselected spaces have a viscous fluid disposed therein to provide a damping medium between the rotatable weight and the housing.