Abstract: The turbine blade tip clearance control system presently used with existing turbine blade uses an abradable seal material with a conventional squealer tip. Others use a thin, coating added to the tip of the blade. The present turbine blade tip control system minimizes the problem of controlling the clearance between the blade and the shroud and overcomes the problem of wearing away of the thin coating added to the tip by using a rub tolerant, high-temperature seal material coating on a turbine shroud and a turbine blade made of at least two materials. The combination of the coating and an outer tip being of a different material than the metallic body also minimizes the problems associated with the burning of dirty fuels. The blade has a metallic body of high strength and the outer tip has a strength less than the strength of the body and made of a material resistant to oxidation, sulfidation and thermal fatigue at operating temperatures. The outer tip has a radial length "L" at least 1 mm in length.

Abstract: Present day diesel engines having aluminum piston assemblies are limited to combustion chamber pressures of approximately 12,410 kPa (1,800 psi) whereas the desire is to increase such pressures up to the 15,170 kPa (2,200 psi) range. To reach such levels the instant piston assembly includes a steel piston member having an upper cylindrical portion of a diameter "D" and a compression height "CH". The ratio of the compression height "CH" to the diameter "D" being within the range of from 60% to 45%. The piston member is preferably forged and subsequently machined to precisely controllable dimensions. Moreover, the piston assembly is preferably of the articulated type and includes a forged aluminum piston skirt connected to the piston member through a common wrist pin. Engine manufacturers are also demanding a smaller engine package size while retaining power output, improve fuel consumption and decreased emissions.

Abstract: The design and construction of past pushrod retainers have required complex components, sliding relationships and additional assembly time and expense. The present invention overcomes these problems by using a retention shelf attached to a cylinder block. Thus, the components are simple to install, inexpensive to manufacture and do not increase assembly time since there is no adjustment necessary when using the device. The present retention shelf assemblies provide a device which prevents extensive damage to the engine caused by a large separation between the cupped end of the pushrod and the first end of the rocker arm which allows the pushrod to fall into other components, resulting in malfunction of the engine. The device is preassembled to the cylinder block and requires no additional assembly time or alignment when assembling the engine.

Abstract: The design and construction of present engines have generally not compensated for white smoke during start up and cold operating conditions where incomplete combustion occurs. The present invention overcomes these problems by using a control system adapted to be used with the engine and positioned between a restrictor valve and a throttle. The restrictor valve restricts the flow of one of the intake air and the exhaust. A mechanical linkage is connected between the throttle and the valve. The linkage moves a shaft and a plate relative to the throttle high idle position and low idle position respectively. A first lever has a slot therein and is rotatably attached to the shaft and a second lever is fixedly attached to the shaft and has a pin being generally positioned in the center of the slot. The slot allows the first lever to move slightly in either direction relative to the position of the second lever without varying the position of the plate between the generally closed position and the opened position.

Abstract: The existing couplings used for transmission of torque uses a combination of mechanical springs or a combination of dampening devices such as cylindrical openings having pistons spring-biased therein. The cylindrical openings also have viscous fluid introduced therein and dampen the torque applied thereto. A coupling apparatus is provided for resiliently transmitting torque including a pin assembly positioned in mechanical connection between an annular plate member and a gear member, dampening backlash motion including a pin assembly and a mechanism for biasing a piston into contact with one of the gear member or annular plate member, and lubricating the interface between the components having relative oscillation therebetween. An interface between the moving parts, the annular plate and the gear, is providing and a lubrication system is provided to lubricate the interface.

Abstract: Balancing devices or systems have been used to compensate for the periodic unbalanced forces generated by the reciprocating movement of the piston and connecting rod assemblies of an engine. These devices in the past have reduced serviceability, increased engine component complexity, increased cost and have reduced reliability. The subject device provides a simple, inexpensive, more serviceable and reliable balancing system. A plurality of individual bearing supports are removably attached to the engine, a pair of balancing shafts are rotatably positioned in the supports and a thrust pin is isolatingly mounted between the support and the shaft. A pair of o-rings are mounted about each end of the pin and is positioned in the support at least partially isolating the pin from the engine. The center of the pin has a plurality of seating surfaces thereon which have an oil film between the seating surfaces and a groove in the shaft.

Abstract: The design and construction of past articulated pistons has failed to include the most efficient cooling reservoir for transferring heat from the piston to the coolant. The present invention overcomes these problems by using an annular cooling recess of a precisely defined cross sectional shape and volume and a baffle plate fixedly sealingly attached in heat conducting relationship to the piston member to form a cooling gallery. The baffle plate has an opening therein and an upwardly extending raised portion to preestablish a trapped volume of coolant therein. The assembly, positioning of the plate and the preestablished trapped volume insures high efficiency of the coolant to absorb heat through the scrubbing action of the coolant on the recess and the heat absorbed by the trapped coolant because of the heat conducting relationship of the plate and the piston member.

Abstract: Thermal restraints associated with internal combustion engines create complex problems which must be overcome in order to provide life and durability of the engine. The present device overcomes these problems by providing a pair of notches positioned in a bridge connection at least two housings. The housings have a predetermined stiffness and the bridge has a predetermined stiffness less than that of the housings. The pair of notches extend between the housings. The thermal relief provided by the pair of notches introduces concentration factors to the low stiffness area. As a result the low stiffness area is able to expand and reduce the thermal compressive stress.

Abstract: A metallic gasket for sealing a joint between first and second surfaces subjected to high pressure and high temperature. Other gaskets used to seal such joints are of a fibrous composition held together by a suitable bonding agent and a deformable elastomer coat or bead. Many of these gaskets used for high pressure and high temperature use an asbestos sheet which is regarded as toxic and unsafe to handle. The present gasket is comprised of a substantially non-compressible sheet and pair of seals made from a ductile material connected to opposite sides of the sheet. The sheet and seals are positioned between the surfaces to be sealed and the seals conform to the surface finish topography of the surfaces when a predetermined compressive load is applied between the surfaces resulting in a positive sealed joint suitable for high pressure and high temperature.

Abstract: The turbine blade tip clearance control system presently used with existing turbine blade uses an abradable seal material with a conventional squealer tip. Others use a thin, coating added to the tip of the blade. The present turbine blade tip control system minimizes the problem of controlling the clearance between the blade and the shroud and ovecomes the problem of wearing away of the thin coating added to the tip by using a rub tolerant, high-temperature seal material coating on a turbine shroud and a turbine blade made of at least two materials. The combination of the coating and an outer tip being of a different material than the metallic body also minimizes the problems associated with the burning of dirty fuels. The blade has a metallic body of high strength and the outer tip has a strength less than the strength of the body and made of a material resistant to oxidation, sulfidation and thermal fatigue at operating temperatures. The outer tip has a radial length "L" at least 1 mm in length.

Abstract: The design and construction of past pushrod retainers has required complex components, sliding relationships and additional assembly time and expense. The present invention overcomes these problems by using a retainer attached to a first end of the rocker arm. Thus, the components are simple to install, imexpensive to manufacture and do not increase assembly time since there is no adjustment necessary when using the device. The present pushrod retainer provides a device which retains the cupped end of the pushrod in a pre-established proximity to the first end of the rocker arm and prevents extensive damage to the engine caused by a large separation between the cupped end of the pushrod and the first end of the rocker arm which allows the pushrod to fall into other components and resulting in malfunction of the engine. The device cradles the cupped end and prevents the pushrod from tipping or falling to one side.

Abstract: A bolt retainer (10,110) for holding bolts (22,23,122,123) against rotation consists of a flat plate (12,112) having two or more bolt holes (18,20,118,120) therethrough and an upstanding portion (14,114). Specifically configured bolts (22,32,122,132) have surfaces (28,128) that abut the upstanding portion (4,114) thereby preventing rotation of the bolts (22,32,122,132) upon applying a nut (46) thereto.

Abstract: Fumes disposal systems used with existing engines are complex, induce pollution and cause engine malfunction to occur. The present fumes disposal system overcomes these problems by utilizing the heat from the engine exhaust to heat a tubular member and cause excessive oil droplets, carbon particles and fumes to burn. The flow of exhaust from the engine is used to dissipate the remaining crankcase fumes insuring that any concentration of fumes are purged with the exhaust. Furthermore, the system controls the pressure within the crankcase of the engine.

Abstract: A floating expansion control ring (20) having a plurality of radially extending positioning lugs (18) is free to move eccentric to the axis of an enclosing engine (24) and within the confines of a spacer ring (14) rigidly mounted within said engine (24). This eccentric movement in a turbine engine permits slight eccentricities of a turbine rotor (11) in a turbine engine. This eccentric movement eliminates the need for abradable shrouds and abradable turbine blades.

Abstract: Sacrificial rods have been used in connection with shell and tube type heat exchangers to prevent corrosion of the cooling cores. These rods however have been employed with metallic heat exchanger components. The subject heat exchanger uses electrical non-conducting or plastic end covers which will not conduct a current flow. The end covers are provided with an electrical conducting metal sleeve, a metallic insert and an electrical conducting member which is connected in an electrical conducting relationship to the insert and at least one of the metallic sleeves. Thus, a grounded circuit is provided for the sacrificial rod. The reaction of the electrolyte and the rod prevents electrolytic damage to the core.

Abstract: Rigidifying or structural members are used to increase structural stiffness of cylinder block and consequently have reduced vibrations and noise emitted therefrom. These devices in the past have reduced serviceability, increased engine component complexity, increased cost and allowed additional interfaces for lubricant to leak therefrom. The subject structural member or rigidifying member provides a simple, inexpensive, light-weight solution to increasing structural stiffness of cylinder block. The subject structural member has an uninterrupted flange therearound and a plurality of equally spaced longitudinally positioned openings therethrough. The flange is secured in frictional contact with the inner mounting surface inside the oil pan. Thus, the interface for lubrication leakage of past members has been eliminated. The openings have reduced the weight of the member and provide an opening through which the crankshaft can swing preventing the need to increase the engine height.

Abstract: Systems capable of supplying either all gaseous fuel, all liquid fuel, or a mixture of the two, at a preselected ratio have been successfully employed in gas turbine engines. The mixing of such fuels has taken place in the combustion chamber and has caused the nozzle design and system controls to complicate the structure and increase costs. The subject system for burning gaseous fuels having a range of calorific values has overcome these problems by providing a simple inexpensive system. The system uses a starting step where only high calorific value gaseous fuel is injected through a first fuel supply passage of an injector and operates the engine to a preestablished engine operating parameter.

Abstract: An ignition system of an engine has a coil which is spaced away from an igniter to protect the coil from heat of a combustion chamber and combustion gas leakage. The electrical connections between the coil and igniter of current design practice have not performed satisfactorily due to loosening of connections, absorbtion of energy within the connectors and the escape of electrical energy. The present ignition extender overcomes these shortcomings by resiliently biasing a first electrical conducting core into contact with a source of high energy and a second electrical conducting core into contact with an igniter and insulating the first and second electrical conducting cores and a biasing and providng mechanism from the surrounding environment by surrounding them with a first and second telescopingly arranged insulating members. When included in an engine, the extender is combined with a shield to further protect and increase the functional life of the components.

Abstract: The restraint systems presently used with existing heat exchangers or recuperators have a thermal growth rate different than the thermal growth rate of the core of the recuperator. The present thermally balanced restraint system overcomes the problem of a different growth rates by utilizing tie rods which are individually made of a plurality of small diameter rods has a thermal growth rate very near that of the core of the heat exchanger. As the plates of the core thermally expand and contract in response to the heat from the engine exhaust, the plurality of small diameter rods also expand and contract at a rate very near that of the core.

Abstract: Rigidifying or structural members are used to increase structural stiffness of cylinder block and consequently have reduced vibrations and noise emitted therefrom. These devices in the past have reduced serviceability, increased engine component complexity, increased cost and allowed additional interfaces for lubricant to leak therefrom. The subject structural member or rigidifying member provides a simple, inexpensive, light-weight solution to increasing structural stiffness of cylinder block. The subject structural member has an uninterrupted flange therearound and a plurality of equally spaced longitudinally positioned openings therethrough. The flange is secured in frictional contact with the inner mounting surface inside the oil pan. Thus, the interface for lubrication leakage of past members has been eliminated. The openings have reduced the weight of the member and provide an opening through which the crankshaft can swing preventing the need to increase the engine height.