Abstract: A method for suppressing light gas production in a cracking process by dispersing in the feed low concentrations of a highly siliceous material having high surface area and low acidity prior to cracking. Because of the high surface area-to-volume ratio of the particles, the catalyst acts as a free radical scavenger which reduces the amount of light gas produced by free radical-promoted reactions.

Abstract: A catalytic cracking process comprising secondary injection of an additive catalyst, ZSM-5 type zeolite, at a point downstream of the point of introduction of the hydrocarbon feed is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for reducing the pour point of a hydrocarbon oil which comprises contacting said oil under dewaxing conditions with a zeolite dewaxing catalyst thereby forming a dewaxed oil that contains olefins, and contacting said dewaxed oil and said contained olefins with a solid acidic catalyst under conditions effective to increase the stability of said oil.

Abstract: An improved moving bed continuous catalytic cracking process for cracking hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as gas oil, in the absence of added hydrogen, which includes the use of a minute amount of dispersed platinum supported directly on a cracking catalyst. The trace of platinum induces a substantial increase in the heat efficiency with which coke on catalyst is converted to CO.sub.2 in the regenerator section with minimal or no detriment to the cracking reaction.

Abstract: Synthesis gas is converted to an exclusively hydrocarbon product with selectivity to ethane by the use of a catalyst which comprises a zeolite and a metal component distributed within the pore structure of the zeolite. The preferred zeolites have a Constraint Index of 1 to 12 and a silica:alumina ratio of at least 12:1 and of these ZSM-5 is preferred. The metal component which may be introduced into the zeolite by impregnation from liquid ammonia solutions, is preferably chromium, zinc and aluminum, optionally with potassium.

Abstract: An apparatus for evaporating liquid fractions is disclosed. The apparatus includes a nozzle from which a hot stream of non-reactive gas is directed onto the surface of the fraction that is to be evaporated, while the fraction and the nozzle are thermally insulated and sealed from the surrounding atmosphere. Means are disclosed for electronically, automatically controlling the evaporation process. A process for the effective evaporation of liquid fractions is also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A sample supply system for the supply of successive samples of fluent material to a sample receiving zone, the system including a displaceable magazine having a plurality of locating stations for locating sample receptacles on the magazine; a sample receiving zone for receiving samples of fluent material discharged from such sample receptacles; and a discharge member adapted to be actuated to apply pressure to a fluent material contained in a sample receptacle for discharging fluent material; the magazine being displaceable relatively to the sample receiving zone and the discharge member to bring any locating station into register with the sample receiving zone and the discharge member for the discharge of fluent material from a receptacle located at such locating station.

Abstract: A process for the direct regeneration of acid resin using a nonaqueous eluant saturated with anhydrous acid.

Abstract: A demetalation and desulfurization catalyst for metal and sulfur containing petroleum oils, e.g., residua containing hydrocarbon components, comprising a hydrogenating component composited on a refractory base, e.g., alumina, having a substantially higher pore volume and more pore volume distributed within the 0-100.ANG. diameter range than such previously known catalysts and method of using same; said catalyst possesses superior aging characteristics.

Abstract: A process which comprises a two-stage method for the preparation, from heavy residual oils, of a feedstock suitable for subsequent catalytic processing, such as for employment in FCC reactors. The firt process step comprises pentane deasphalting which results in substantial reduction of the refractory heavy metals present in the resid. The second step comprises removing any remaining metals by subjecting the treated heavy oil to a mild hydrocracking in the presence of a ZSM-5-type catalyst.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing the activity of a highly siliceous zeolite used as a catalyst in the processing of hydrocarbon feedstock comprises the addition of about 0.1 to 10 weight percent olefins to the feedstock prior to contacting with said catalyst under hydrocarbon conversion conditions. The method is particularly useful when used in catalytic dewaxing processes.

Abstract: Ethanol is recovered from a fermentation mixture by contact with a crystalline zeolite sorbent exemplified by ZSM-5, followed by desorption of concentrated ethanol. In one embodiment of this invention, the sorption step is conducted during fermentation to maintain the ethanol concentration in the fermenting mixture at a concentration below that which is toxic to the fermenting organism.

Abstract: A method for upgrading a high boiling hydrocarbon fraction by reducing the molecular weight of at least a portion of the waxy or non-waxy constituents of the fraction with a catalyst composed of a heat stable crystalline zeolite in a matrix comprising a degraded heat-sensitive crystalline zeolite.

Abstract: Lube base stock oil of low pour point and excellent stability is produced from a waxy crude oil fraction by solvent refining, catalytic dewaxing over a zeolite catalyst in the nature of zeolite ZSM-5 and hydrotreating under specified conditions.

Abstract: In an ethanol fermentation process in which an aqueous solution of fermentable sugar is converted by an ethanol-producing microorganism such as a yeast to a dilute aqueous solution of ethanol with the ethanol being present in the solution at a concentration which does not exceed a predetermined maximum level, an improvement is provided which comprises selectively sorbing ethanol present in the solution within a hydrophilic crystalline aluminosilicate ZSM-5 or HZSM-5 zeolite so that the non-sorbed ethanol present in the solution does not exceed the predetermined maximum level of concentration therein, and thereafter removing sorbed ethanol from the zeolite.

Abstract: The nitrogen-containing and oxygen-containing contaminants of a mineral oil are converted to the corresponding sulfur compounds by contacting the oil with a fresh catalyst containing metals from Groups VB, VIB and VIII or a deactivated and metals contaminated hydrodesulfurization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure.

Abstract: A waxy fuel oil that contains a catalytically deleterious contaminant is treated with a crystalline zeolite under sorption conditions followed by catalytic dewaxing with a crystalline zeolite exemplified by ZSM-5 to produce dewaxed fuel oil and high octane gasoline.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon feed for use in a catalytic conversion process that utilizes a zeolite catalyst, and that contains a catalytically deleterious impurity, is refined by contact with a zeolitic sorbent. The invention is applicable to dewaxing, with an example illustrating reduction by 100.degree. F. of the initial equilibrium (lineout) temperature by the method of this invention. Other reactions include conversions of aromatic hydrocarbons such as alkylation, isomerization and disproportionation.

Abstract: Catalytically dewaxed lubricating base stock oils that have improved resistance to oxidation are produced by pretreating the waxy furfural raffinate with a zeolite sorbent prior to dewaxing with a zeolite catalyst such as ZSM-5, and conducting the dewaxing at a reduced temperature not to exceed about 675.degree.-700.degree. F.

Abstract: Water-soluble polymers that thicken reversibly in aqueous solution on alteration of the degree of alkalinity are manufactured by treating an aqueous suspension of protein with the enzymes elaborated extracellularly by a species of the genus Pseudomonas. The water soluble polymers resulting therefrom are biodegradable. They are useful for stabilizing emulsions, as flow-control agents in water base paint, and as anti-redeposition agents in laundry detergents. They are particularly useful as coagulants for colloidal suspensions of solids such as the phosphate slimes byproduct of the large scale hydraulic mining of the phosphate deposits. They are also particularly useful as flow control agents in the water flooding process for the recovery of petroleum.