Abstract: So as to permit operating a shunt-wound motor with the series characteristic without the use of electronic armature current adjusters, it is proposed to start the motor (1) with the connection of start-up resistances (R.sub.1 -R.sub.4) and to control each step added by means of a comparator by a minimum armature current value (I.sub.A min o -I.sub.A min 4) specifically predetermined for each step. After said minimum value specific to each step has been reached, the comparator (7) actuates a guide and a regulating switch (S.sub.w, S.sub.x), whereby the minimum armature current value so reached specific to the step is kept constant by means of adjusting the excitation (I'.sub.E), and a limiting unit (17) prevents the exciting current (I'.sub.E) from dropping below a predetermined minimum value (I'.sub.E mn), which, at higher numbers of revolution (n), again leads to the shunt characteristic, now with reduced excitation (I'.sub.E min) and the resistances (R.sub.1 -R.sub.

Abstract: The lifting step of the entry stair for rail vehicles is guided on both sides by two parallel guide brackets and while staying parallel to an extendable and retractable vehicle floor, forms a shallow arc from one end position to the other. In its upper end position it is level with the vehicle floor. The vehicle door closes along its outer edge with an elastic door seal. The folding step turns around the turning axis. In the "up" position the folding step stands about vertically and, together with the covering plate attached to the lifting step, forms a flush covering apron completing the side wall of the vehicle. The angle of incline for the stairs, in general, might be about 40.degree.. This stair system does not form any niches when in the "under way" position wherein ice and snow could accumulate. Nor does this stairway require additional covering parts such as movable covering aprons, etc.

Abstract: A combination lock for personal luggage such as a suitcase or briefcase comprising a pivotably mounted latch member capable, when in a latched condition, of securing a cooperating tongue member and a bolt for locking the latch member in its latched position, the bolt being spring biassed to a release position and so moved to the release position when projections from the bolt can engage in respective recesses in cams, which cams are each individually rotatable by and with a respective one of a plurality of wheels manually indexable around and bearing visible markings. The cams are normally interlocked for rotation each with its respective wheel but the interlocking can be released to enable the combination of the lock to be changed.

Abstract: A cleaning implement for cleaning the bottom of a boat while the boat remains in the water comprising an elongate handle provided at one end with a buoyant cleaning head presenting a cleaning structure for contacting the bottom of the boat, when the cleaning head is submerged beneath the boat, so that the boat bottom can be cleaned by movement of the cleaning head over the boat bottom as a result of manipulation of the handle. The cleaning head may comprise a hollow stock into which water may be introduced to adjust the buoyancy of the cleaning head. The hollow stock may be provided with detachable cleaning devices which may be stored in the hollow stock when the implement is not in use.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns a screw cap comprised of semi-rigid plastic material and including a tamper-proof hold ring. The screw cap is for use on the neck of a container, such as a bottle. The hold ring has an inside diameter that is at least equal to the outside diameter of the cap body. Six lock lugs supported on the ring are inclined upwardly and inwardly toward the neck closing end of the cap body. The lock-lugs elastically hook behind a collar or mating ring at the bottle neck to prevent the tamper-proof hold ring from being lifted off the neck of the bottle when the cap body is unscrewed. Breakable attachment tabs initially hold the cap body to the tamper-proof hold ring and these are broken as the cap is initially unscrewed. An unbreakable flange between the cap body and the tamper-proof ring serves as a tilt hinge for the unscrewed cap.

Abstract: Novel compounds are described which are substituted benzophenone hydrazones. They have pesticidal activity, especially against insects and acarids, and pesticidal compositions and methods are described. Methods of making the compounds, and novel intermediates, are also described.

Abstract: 2,4-Dichlorobenzyl alcohol is obtained in high purity and in high yield by reacting 2,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride in a two stage reaction with a water soluble salt of an organic acid in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst to give the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ester of the organic acid which is subsequently hydrolysed with a strong base.

Abstract: A phenol is ortho-alkylated by reaction with an alkanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least 87% w/w, calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, of an oxide of iron, and at least one other metal oxide, in which the other metal is selected from As, Cd, Co, Hg, In, Ni, Pb, lanthanide rare earths, Sc, Sn, Ti and Zr. By way of example, phenol can thus be converted to o-cresol and/or 2,6-xylenol.

Abstract: A disassembleable cradle for carrying internal combustion engines or the like is disclosed. The cradle includes two or more parallel bearers, each made, preferably of wood or plastics. Each bearer has two upright arms defining a U-shaped groove to receive a cushioning pad of a high-density material. The pad has a preferably U-shaped recess in its upper surface to receive an engine. The weight of the engine is borne edge-on by the pad, into which the engine settles somewhat, so that engines of different shapes can be accommodated. Longitudinal members are detachably received in lateral reesses in the bearers, which can be spaced therealong at any desired distance.

Abstract: A process for preparing a copolymer latex by polymerization of at least one aliphatic conjugated diene monomer, at least one ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer and at least one monoolefinic monomer copolymerizable with them in a weight proportion of 19.5-80:0.5-10:10-80, characterized in that (a) a mixture of the whole amount of the aliphatic conjugated diene monomer, the whole amount of the ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer and a portion of the monoolefinic monomer, the combined amount of them being from 45 to 99% by weight on the basis of the total amount of the starting monomers, is subjected to emulsion polymerization, and (b) after or while the remainder of the monoolefinic monomer in an amount of from 1 to 55% by weight on the basis of the total amount of the starting monomers is added to the reaction mixture, the further emulsion polymerization is carried out.

Abstract: Waste disposal apparatus suitable for the collection of waste from a vacuum sewer system, which comprises a tank (1) having a waste inlet (2) and a waste outlet (10, 12) and means (4) for reducing pressure in the tank such that, in use, the waste inlet is above the level of waste in the tank and reduced pressure is maintained above the waste level and waste can thereby be drawn through the waste inlet, in which the tank further comprises an air inlet (6) through which air can be caused to pass into, and thereby cause aerobic digestion of, waste in the tank.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of sodium salicylate and salicylic acid from phenol at a high degree of conversion with a concomitant reduction in undesirable by-products. The process comprises reacting a sodium phenolate with carbon dioxide in a direct, single step at a temperature above about 165.degree. C. to produce directly sodium salicylate, which is then converted by conventional means to the salicylic acid.

Abstract: Aromatic-.alpha.-halo-{b} fused pyridines are made by reacting an aromatic acetamide, acid halide and amide in particular proportions, with the acid halide always in excess. The process permits the production of compounds having a wide range of substituents, that are new compounds, and that are of value as intermediates in the synthesis of, for instance, pharmaceutical compounds.

Abstract: A method for purifying air by removing gaseous formaldehyde under ambient conditions, by bringing the air in contact with a solid shaped composition consisting essentially of one or more polyhydric water-soluble polymers and ambient moisture, in the absence and in the presence of a solid substrate.

Abstract: Quaternized ammonium synthetic polymers having a solution viscosity, as measured on a 1% solution in deionized water at 25.degree. C. using a suspended level viscometer of from 1 to 500 cs are used as dispersing agents in aqueous slurries of water and solid particulate carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A skin barrier consisting of an elastic film (16), secured to the film a layer (18) of at least weakly elastic adhesive material, these two components together having low resistance to quick deformation and rapid recovery to substantially the original shape after deformation, the plastic properties of the adhesive thereby being compensated by the elasticity of the film. Optionally there may be a releasable protective cover (20,22) on the other side of the adhesive layer. The adhesive material consists of a hydrocolloid, preferably sodium carboxymethylcellulose, dispersed in a continuous phase consisting of a mixture of (a) a physically cross-linked elastomer which is a styrene-olefin-styrene block copolymer, (b) a hydrocarbon resin tackifier which is a polymer or copolymer of cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene or .alpha.- or .beta.

Abstract: A combined dental drill and anchor pin for use in the field of denistry. Restoration techniques, involving the use of anchor pins for the retention and reinforcing of dental support structures as well as for various mechanical appliances used in the field of orthodontics, are facilitated by combining the drill and anchor pin in a single structure thereby eliminating separate drilling and pin insertion steps.

Abstract: A soldering installation (1) is provided for run-through and shuttle operation, in particular for the run-through soldering of printed circuit boards on a soldering machine. It is equipped with a feeder mechanism (4) for the transport of soldering frames (18) to which printed circuit boards are fixed. The feeder mechanism (4) has a travel distance of at least 2 frames. In the first half of the feeder mechanism (4) is a device (31) for the holding of a frame (18) as well as an activator (32) for the release of the frame (18). A transport mechanism, (5) running synchronously with the feeder mechanism (4) bridges the soldering machine. An electric motor (37) with adjustable speed and reversibility drives these parts (4 and 5).

Abstract: An enhanced petroleum oil recovery method for increasing the quantity of oil recoverable from an underground deposit thereof is provided which involves injecting into a first point in such deposit a liquid mixture of low molecular weight, light hydrocarbons; alternately reducing and raising the back pressure exerted on said deposit so as to alternately induce boiling and condensation of said light hydrocarbon mixture; recovering from a second point in said deposit under controlled back pressure a mixture of said light hydrocarbons and oil; separating the light hydrocarbons from the extracted petroleum oil by distillation; and then recycling the light hydrocarbons to the injection step. Another aspect of the invention involves utilizing the essential features thereof for the recovery of oil from oil-bearing sands, e.g. tar sands, which are mined and brought to the surface.