Abstract: Herbicidally active thiocarbamates are employed in combination with certain mono-, di- or trihaloalkylphosphonodithioates, the latter in sufficient quantity to lessen the rate of soil degradation of the former. As a result, the herbicidal effectiveness of the thiocarbamate is significantly enhanced and prolonged, rendering a single application or multiple applications of the herbicide effective over a longer period of time. Such herbicidal compositions can optionally contain a non-phytotoxic antidotally effective amount of an amide of haloalkanoic or dihaloalkanoic acid. Also novel compounds trichloro- and bromodichloro- methylphosphonodithioates and the process for their preparation are disclosed.

Abstract: The soil life of herbicidally active thiolcarbamates is extended by certain organophosphorus compounds having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenoxy, and C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenylthio; R.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene, and C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylthioalkylene; R.sup.7 is either phenyl or cyclohexenyl; X is oxygen or sulfur, and n is zero or one.

Abstract: Muteins of biologically active proteins such as IFN-.beta. and IL-2 in which cysteine residues that are not essential to biological activity have been deleted or replaced with other amino acids to eliminate sites for intermolecular crosslinking or incorrect intramolecular disulfide bridge formation. These muteins are made via bacterial expression of mutant genes that encode the muteins that have been synthesized from the genes for the parent proteins by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis.

Abstract: Plasmids derived from Corynebacterium glutamicum, particularly pRN3.1, of suitable size, about 3.1 kilobases in length and weight about 2.0.times.10.sup.6 daltons, and having a limited number of restriction sites therein, suitable as vehicles for genetic engineering of Corynebacterium.

Abstract: Herbicidally active thiocarbamates are employed in combination with certain unsaturated aryl sulfides, sulfoxides or sulfones having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.4 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy; R.sup.5 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 haloalkenyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkynyl; and n equals 0 or 2. In a typical application, the unsaturated aryl sulfide, sulfoxide or sulfone is included in sufficient quantity to lessen the rate of soil degradation of the thiocarbamate. As a result, the herbicidal effectiveness of the thiocarbamate is enhanced and prolonged, rendering a single application of the herbicide effective over a longer period of time.

Abstract: An herbicide antidote composition comprising:(a) an herbicidally effective amount of a pyrrolidone compound of the formula ##STR1## in which X is hydrogen, chlorine or methyl;Y is hydrogen, chlorine, or bromine;Z is chlorine or bromine;R is hydrogen, alkyl, acetyl, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulfinyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, pentafluoropropionamido, or 3-methylureido;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, chlorine, or trifluoromethyl; and,R.sub.

Abstract: Herbicide antidote compounds having the formula: ##STR1## in which X is halomethyl, wherein halo is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine and the methyl group is mono-, di-, or tri-substituted; andR.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, inclusive, and alkenyloxy having from 2-6 carbon atoms, inclusive, provided that, if R.sub.1 is alkyl the haloacetylaminomethyl moiety is attached to the ring at the 2-position.

Abstract: An herbicide antidote having the formula: ##STR1## in which X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen wherein the halogen is chlorine, bromine or iodine.

Abstract: Herbicide antidote compounds having the formula ##STR1## in which R is halomethyl wherein halo refers to chlorine, bromine or iodine and the methyl group is mono- or di-substituted;R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, inclusive; phenyl, and methylaminocarboxyethyl;R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, and,R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, inclusive; p-toluenesulfonyl; p-chlorophenylsulfonyl; halophenyl wherein halo refers to a member of the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine and wherein said phenyl group may be mono-, di-, or tri-halosubstituted on the same or different substituents; and, halomethylphenyl wherein halo refers to a member of the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine and said methyl group may be mono-, di-, or tri-substituted.

Abstract: Herbicidally active thiocarbamates are employed in combination with certain iminophenyl N-methylcarbamates having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl,R.sup.5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, andR.sup.6 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl and C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy.In a typical application, the iminophenyl N-methylcarbamate is included in sufficient quantity to lessen the rate of soil degradation of the thiocarbamate. As a result, the herbicidal effectiveness of the thiocarbamate is enhanced and prolonged, rendering a single application of the herbicide effective over a longer period of time.

Abstract: A novel class of 2-dichloromethyl-5-phenyl or substituted phenyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is unsubstituted phenyl or phenyl mono-, di-, or tri-substituted with halogen, hydroxy or nitro, which are useful as antidotes for thiocarbamate herbicidal crop injury.

Abstract: An herbicide antidote having the formula: ##STR1## in which X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and halogen wherein the halogen is chlorine, bromine or iodine.

Abstract: Herbicidally active thiocarbamates are employed in combination with N-methylthiocarbamylethyl-N'-carbamate having the formula ##STR1## In a typical application, the thiocarbamylethylcarbamate is included in sufficient quantity to lessen the rate of soil degradation of the thiocarbamate. As a result, the herbicidal effectiveness of the thiocarbamate is enhanced and prolonged, rendering a single application of the herbicide effective over a longer period of time.

Abstract: A protective colloid for use in an interfacial polymerization process comprising a graft copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid.

Abstract: A protective colloid for use in an interfacial polymerization process comprising a graft copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid.

Abstract: An herbicide antidote composition comprising:(a) an herbicidally effective amount of a pyrrolidone compound of the formula ##STR1## in which X is hydrogen, chlorine, or methyl;Y is hydrogen, chlorine or bromine;Z is chlorine or bromine;R is hydrogen, alkyl, acetyl, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, alkylthio having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, alkylsulfinyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, alkylsulfonyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulfinyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, pentafluoropropionamido, or 3-methylureido;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, inclusive, chlorine or trifluoromethyl; andR.sub.

Abstract: An herbicide antidote composition comprising:(a) an herbicidally effective amount of a pyrrolidone compound of the formula ##STR1## in which X is hydrogen, chlorine or methyl;Y is hydrogen, chlorine, or bromine;Z is chlorine or bromine;R is hydrogen, alkyl, acetyl, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulfinyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, pentafluoropropionamido, or 3-methylureido;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, chlorine, or trifluoromethyl; and,R.sub.

Abstract: Herbicidally active thiolcarbamates are employed in combination with certain substituted carbamates having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each methyl,R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 conjointly form C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylenedioxy,R.sup.4 is --CF.sub.3 and R.sup.5 is hydrogen, orR.sup.4 is --CH.sub.2 Br and R.sup.5 is hydrogen.In a typical application, the carbamate is included in sufficient quantity to lessen the rate of soil degradation of the thiolcarbamate. As a result, the herbicidal effectiveness of the thiolcarbamate is enhanced and prolonged, rendering a single application of the herbicide effective over a longer period of time.

Abstract: An herbicide antidote composition comprising:(a) an herbicidally effective amount of a pyrrolidone compound of the formula ##STR1## in which X is hydrogen, chlorine or methyl;Y is hydrogen, chlorine, or bromine;Z is chlorine or bromine;R is hydrogen, alkyl, acetyl, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, trifluoromethylthio, trifluoromethylsulfinyl, trifluoromethylsulfonyl, pentafluoropropionamide, or 3-methylureido;R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, chlorine, or trifluoromethyl; and,R.sub.

Abstract: Antidote compounds for use with acetanilide herbicides having the formula ##STR1## in which X and X' are halogens, independently selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and iodine; andR is selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1-12 carbon atoms, inclusive; halophenyl wherein halo is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine; and substituted alkoxy carbonyl wherein the alkoxy group has 1-8 carbon atoms, inclusive and the substituents are halogen selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iodine; or dioxane.