Abstract: Polyester polyols are produced by reacting terephthalic acid with a glycol corresponding to the formula H—(OCH2CH2)n—OH and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. These polyester polyols are particularly useful for the production of polyurethane) (PUR) and polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (PUR/PIR) foams for use in insulation applications.

Abstract: Microcellular polyurethane flexible foams having densities no greater than 0.3 g/cc which are suitable for use as lightweight shoe sole components are produced with carbon dioxide in an amount such that the polyurethane-forming mixture has a free rise density of from about 0.03 to about 0.3 g/cc. At least a portion of that carbon dioxide is dissolved as a gas into one or both of the reaction components. The amount of dissolved carbon dioxide must be such that the froth density of the isocyanate and/or isocyanate-reactive component(s) in which the carbon dioxide is dissolved will be from about 0.1 to about 0.8 g/cc. Additional carbon dioxide may be formed by the reaction of water and isocyanate during the polyurethane-forming reaction but the total amount of CO2 present should be controlled to ensure that the polyurethane-forming mixture has a free rise density of from about 0.03 to 0.3 g/cc.

Abstract: Aromatic amines are produced by catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds. The reaction mixture generated by this hydrogenation is then worked up by distillation in a manner which makes it possible to substantially free the amine of water with increased energy efficiency. Water free of amine and low boilers and the low boiling materials are also obtained.

Abstract: Stable NCO prepolymers are produced from polyisocyanates having a melting point greater than 70° C., preferably, naphthalene diisocyanate, having advantageous physical properties. An important feature of the process of the present invention is the rapid cooling of the prepolymer. The process of the present invention may be carried out on a continuous or batch basis. The prepolymers of the present invention are particularly suitable for the production of cast polyurethane elastomers.

Abstract: A polyol emulsion of castor oil and monoepoxides is combined with methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and cement to produce a polymer cement.

Abstract: Rigid closed-cell polyurethane foams with low k-factors are produced by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with an amine-based polyether polyol and a polyester polyol in the presence of a catalyst and a hydrofluorocarbon blowing agent, preferably, HFC-245fa. It is preferred that no water be added to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A two-stage process for the preparation of organic isocyanates by reacting primary amines with phosgene in which: a) in a first stage, amine and phosgene are reacted in an adiabatically managed reaction, in which the temperature of reaction is restricted to values between 100 and 220° C. by actively adjusting the absolute pressure in the reactor to values between 8 and 50 bar by decompression, and the temperature is held at values between 100 and 220° C. until the stoichiometric conversion of phosgene has reached at least 80%; and then b) in a second stage, the reaction mixture from a) is decompressed to an absolute pressure of 1 to 15 bar and the reaction mixture is reacted further at temperatures between 90 and 240° C., optionally with the introduction of heat.

Abstract: Fire-resistant, medium density molded polyurethane foams which may be removed from a mold in substantially shorter times than previously possible are produced by the process of the present invention. These reduced de-mold times are achieved by including a solid flame retardant composition in the polyurethane foam forming composition. This solid flame retardant composition includes a melamine coated ammonium polyphosphate and zinc borate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of fiber-reinforced composite components in which an outer film is bonded with a layer containing fiber-reinforced polyurethane, characterised in that a) first an elastic intermediate layer which has a modulus of elasticity of 0.5 MPa to 50 MPa and a thickness of 0.3 mm to 6 mm, is applied to the outer film which has a thickness in the range of 0.2 mm to 5 mm, and then b) at least one other layer is applied to the back of the intermediate layer, at least one layer containing fiber-reinforced polyurethane being applied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of self-extinguishing thermoplastic polyurethanes which optionally contain conventional additives and/or auxiliary substance.

Abstract: A production process such as an isocyanate production process, conducted with a production facility having (a) at least two incoming streams, b) at least one exit stream and c) at least one inner recycling stream is controlled by adjusting at least one incoming stream amount by means of regulating controls to control the exit stream concentration and/or amount.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the purification of polymer polyols that ensures a reduction of acrylonitrile, styrene as well as the residual amounts of optionally used chain regulator, and of occurring recombination products of the initiator when azo initiators are used, to levels of <25 ppm of acrylonitrile, <50 ppm styrene, <50 ppm chain regulator and <280 ppm of recombination products by stripping using packed columns.

Abstract: The invention relates to reinforced polyurethane-urea elastomers with a specific urea content and a specific urethane content, to sheet polyurethane moldings with high surface energy and good lacquer adhesion produced therefrom, and to their use.

Abstract: A process for preparing isocyanates in the gas phase, in which the mixing of the reactants and thus the reaction conditions are significantly improved by means of hydrodynamic measures such as increasing the turbulence of the feed stream in the central nozzle. As a consequence, the necessary residence time in the reactor and thus the length of the reactor are reduced and the formation of polymeric by-products which lead to caking in the reactor and a shortening of the operating period of the reactors is avoided.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions such as a polymer grout, a molded plastic part, a void-filling plastic material, a concrete-anchoring material and a polymeric casting made from a thermosetting polymer chosen from vulcanized rubbers, polyoxybenzylmethylen-glycolanhydride (“Bakelite”), novolac resins, resole phenolic resins, duroplast, bismaleimide resins, polyimide resins, melamine, acrylic resins, polyester resins, cyanate ester resins, phenolic triazine resins, paracyclophane resins and epoxy resins and at least one phase change material (“PCM”). The compositions of the present invention have a lowered exotherm compared to compositions made from the same thermosetting polymer without the addition of a phase change material. Also provided are improved processes for producing the inventive compositions.

Abstract: Crude aniline is produced by hydrogenating nitrobenzene in the presence of a catalyst. This crude aniline is then purified by means of a single-step or multi-step distillation process in which aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution is added to the crude aniline prior to distillation and/or during distillation of the crude aniline.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of water-blown, finely cellular rigid foams containing urethane groups and/or isocyanurate groups by the reaction of polyisocyanates with a polyol component in the form of an emulsion. The invention also relates to open-cell polyurethane foams which are foamable in the mould.

Abstract: Microcellular polyurethane flexible foams having densities no greater than 0.3 g/cc which are suitable for use as lightweight shoe sole components are produced with carbon dioxide in an amount such that the polyurethane-forming mixture has a free rise density of from about 0.03 to about 0.3 g/cc. At least a portion of that carbon dioxide is dissolved as a gas into one or both of the reaction components. The amount of dissolved carbon dioxide must be such that the froth density of the isocyanate and/or isocyanate-reactive component(s) in which the carbon dioxide is dissolved will be from about 0.1 to about 0.8 g/cc. Additional carbon dioxide may be formed by the reaction of water and isocyanate during the polyurethane-forming reaction but the total amount of CO2 present should be controlled to ensure that the polyurethane-forming mixture has a free rise density of from about 0.03 to 0.3 g/cc.

Abstract: A mixture of isomeric diisocyanatodiphenylmethanes composed of at least 2,2?-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane, 2,4?-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane and 4,4?-diisocyanatodiphenyl-methane is distilled in at least one stage and a divided-wall column is used in at least one distillation stage.

Abstract: A thermoplastic molding composition that releases upon burning a limited amount of smoke is disclosed. The composition includes 95 to 60 percent aromatic (co)polycarbonate, 5 to 40 percent bromine-substituted oligocarbonate, and 0.04 to 0.2 percent alkali or alkaline-earth salt of perfluoroalkane sulfonic acid, the percents all occurrences being relative to the weight of the composition.