Abstract: Isocyanates are produced by reaction of primary amines with phosgene in the gas phase. In this process, the reaction is terminated by guiding the reaction mixture from the reaction chamber through a cooling stretch into which liquids are injected. Direct cooling takes place in the cooling stretch in one stage in two or more cooling zones connected in series.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rigid polyurethane foam comprising the reaction product, at an isocyanate index of from about 90 to about 400, of a polyisocyanate and a polyol component comprising, about 20 wt. % to about 80 wt. %, based on the weight of the polyol component, of a double metal cyanide (DMC)-catalyzed polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of greater than about 1,000 Daltons (Da), about 80 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, based on the weight of the polyol component, of a sucrose-based polyol having a functionality of from about 2.5 to about 6 and a number average molecular weight of from about 350 Da to less than about 1,000 Da, and about 0 wt. % to about 40 wt. %, based on the weight of the polyol component, of a low molecular weight organic compound having a number average molecular weight of less than about 600 Da in the presence of water, polyvinylchloride (PVC) particles having a diameter of from about 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rigid polyurethane foam made from the reaction product, at an isocyanate index of from about 90 to about 400, of a polyisocyanate, and a polyol component containing about 20 to about 80 wt. %, based on the weight of the polyol component, of a double metal cyanide (DMC)-catalyzed polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of greater than about 1000 Daltons (Da), about 80 to about 20 wt. %, based on the weight of the polyol component, of a sucrose-based polyol having a functionality of from about 2.5 to about 6 and a molecular weight of from about 350 to less than about 1,000, and about 0 to about 40 wt. %, based on the weight of the polyol component, of a low molecular weight organic compound having a number average molecular weight of less than about 600 Da, in the presence of water, polyvinylchloride (PVC) particles having a diameter of from about 0.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining binder distribution on a sample in which a selected sample is contacted with a transfer medium in a manner such that at least 15% of any fluorescing binder present on the surface of the sample will be transferred to the transfer medium, a digital image of the transfer medium is generated and analyzed for binder distribution.

Abstract: A thermoplastic alloy of a melt processible crosslinked olefin thermoplastic elastomer dispersed in a PVC matrix. Improved compatibility of the alloyed components may be achieved through the use of a chlorinated olefin thermoplastic elastomer. The thermoplastic alloy is characterized by lessened mechanical deterioration from heat aging, and improved performance under low temperature conditions.

Abstract: High boiling contaminants such as chloro-aromatic compounds are removed from a gas by compressing the gas containing the contaminant, cooling the compressed gas to reduce the temperature of the gas to at least 20° C. above the outlet temperature of a second cooling stage but above the freezing point of the highest melting compound in the first cooling stage, further cooling the gas in a second cooling stage to at least ?20° C., returning cooled gas from the second cooling stage to the first cooling stage, and recovering condensate streams which contain the contaminant compound from the first and second cooling stages. An apparatus suitable for carrying out this process is also disclosed. The process of the present invention is particularly useful for removing chloro-aromatic compounds from anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas.

Abstract: This invention relates to storage-stable, liquid, partially trimerized and allophanized polyisocyanates having an NCO group content of 15 to 41% by weight, and comprising 5 to 85% by weight of toluene diisocyanate, 5 to 85% by weight of a polyisocyanate of the diphenyl-methane series and an organic compound or mixture thereof. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the storage-stable, liquid, partially trimerized and allophanized polyisocyanates; to storage-stable, liquid urethane prepolymers of these partially trimerized and allophanized polyisocyanates; and to a process for the production of these storage-stable, liquid, urethane prepolymers.

Abstract: Isocyanates are produced by reacting an organic amine with phosgene in process which includes at least three stages. The first stage is carried out in a dynamic mixer. The second stage is carried out in at least one reactor. The third stage is carried out in at least one material separating apparatus. The pressure in the reactor of the second stage must be greater than or equal to the pressure in the dynamic mixer. The pressure in the third stage material separating apparatus must be lower than the pressure in the second stage reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of sandwich composite elements which includes at least two feed apparatus for facings, to which an application apparatus for an adhesion promoter, an application apparatus for a core layer, a conveying apparatus and a cutting apparatus are connected one after the other. The application apparatus for the adhesion promoter includes at least one feed line for the adhesion promoter, a rotary table with at least one lateral outlet orifice and a drive for the rotary table.

Abstract: An isocyanate is produced by reacting a primary amine with phosgene in the gas phase above the boiling point of the amine over an average contact time of 0.05 to 15 seconds under adiabatic conditions.

Abstract: 2,4?-MDI which contains very little 2,2?-MDI is prepared by distilling an isomeric starting mixture of diisocyanatodiphenylmethanes which includes 2,2?-diisocyanato-diphenylmethane, 2,4?-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane and 4,4?-diisocyanatodiphenyl-methane in at least one stage in a separating wall column. This distillation produces at least one mixture which contains 85 to 99 wt. % of 2,4?-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, up to 15 wt. % of 4,4?-diisocyanatodiphenyl-methane and no more than 0.2 wt. % of 2,2?-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane.

Abstract: A polyol composition having a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about3,000 Daltons is made up of (1) at least 55% by weight of a low monol polyoxypropylene polyol having a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to 12,000 Da and a degree of unsaturation less than or equal to 0.02 meq/g and (2) no more than 45% by weight of a polyol having a number average molecular weight of from about 400 to about 1,000 Da and a polydispersity index greater than1.1. This polyol composition is reacted with a diisocyanate, a polyisocyanate, an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer or an isocyanate-terminated quasi-prepolymer to produce polyurethanes, particularly, polyurethane elastomers having good physical and mechanical properties. Any of the known processes for producing polyurethanes, particularly, elastomers, including one-shot processes, may be used to produce polyurethanes in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: Isocyanates are produced by a) reacting at least one amine with phosgene, optionally in the presence of a solvent to produce the corresponding isocyanate and a stream containing hydrogen chloride, phosgene and optionally solvent, low-boiling compounds and inert substances is obtained, b) separating the stream containing hydrogen chloride, phosgene and optionally solvent, low-boiling compounds and inert substances in an at least two-stage sequence of absorption steps that includes (1) at least one isothermal absorption step and (2) at least one adiabatic absorption step, to obtain (i) a hydrogen chloride stream containing phosgene in concentrations of at most 0.5 wt. % (based on the weight of the hydrogen chloride stream) and (ii) a liquid phosgene stream, and c) recycling the liquid phosgene stream (ii) to the reaction of amine with phosgene.

Abstract: Dinitrotoluene is produced by nitration of toluene with nitrating acid (mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid) in which, in a first stage, the toluene is converted to mononitrotoluene (MNT) and then the mononitrotoluene is converted in a second stage to dinitrotoluene (DNT). Control of the weight ratio of the aqueous to organic phases, dispersion of the organic phase in the aqueous phase and use of less than 2.06 moles of nitric acid per mole of toluene are key features of this process.

Abstract: Compounds containing phenolic hydroxy groups are removed from a gas stream which contains at least one aromatic amine generated during the gas-phase hydrogenation reaction of the corresponding nitroaromatic compounds with hydrogen, by adsorption on a basic solid.

Abstract: A curable, alkoxysilane-functional polyether urethane composition formed by combining a) a first silane terminated polyurethane prepared by reacting i) a mono-functional compounds with ii) an isocyanate component containing two isocyanate groups, the reaction product reacted with iii) a compound containing an isocyanate-reactive group and one or more reactive silane groups to form a moisture-curable, alkoxysilane-functional polyether urethane; and b) a second silane terminated polyurethane prepared by reacting i) an alkyl monofunctional alcohol, amine, and/or thiol, with ii) an isocyanate component containing two isocyanate groups, the reaction product reacted with iii) a compound containing an isocyanate-reactive group and one more reactive silane groups. The urethane composition can be used in coating, sealant and/or adhesive compositions. The coating compositions are used to form a coated substrate.

Abstract: A light-emitting, transparent, flexible film system based on polymers is produced by including a thermoplastic polyurethane film having an electroluminescent pigment incorporated therein in the flexible film system. These systems are useful as a luminescent system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of rigid and semi-rigid foams at low isocyanate levels, and to the foams produced by this process. The process comprises reacting a polyisocyanate component with an isocyanate-reactive component, in the presence of at least one blowing agent, at least one surfactant and at least one catalyst. Suitable isocyanate-reactive components are characterized as having a solids content of at least 40% by weight, and an overall hydroxyl number of the remaining liquid, non-solids portion of at least 160. In addition, the isocyanate-reactive component comprises at least 50% by weight of a polymer polyol having a solids content of at least 30% by weight and in which the base polyol has a hydroxyl number of at least 75.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of phosgene, in which chlorine and carbon monoxide are reacted in the presence of an activated charcoal catalyst in a shell-and-tube reactor which contains a plurality of reaction tubes and a coolant space surrounding the reaction tubes, in which a) cooling of the reaction tubes is from the outside through the coolant space with water by evaporative cooling, and b) operation of the reaction tubes is at a pressure above the pressure in the coolant space.

Abstract: Di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series are produced by a) converting nitrobenzene and methanol in the presence of a catalyst to aniline, formaldehyde and carbon monoxide, and then b) converting the aniline and formaldehyde produced in step a) in the presence of an acid catalyst to di- and polyamines of the diphenylmethane series, and c) converting the carbon monoxide produced in step a) with chlorine to phosgene.