Abstract: A ceramic article suitable for use in the casting of advanced superalloy materials has a structure of a predetermined porosity content and consists of either 3Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot. 5Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot. Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or 2Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot. Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or two-phase mixtures of these single-phase materials.

Abstract: A furnace for practising temperature gradient zone melting on one or more semiconductor bodies comprises a closable work chamber for receiving semiconductor bodies for processing, a radiant heat source which forms a first closure member and a heat sink which forms a second closure member, the closure members defining the work chamber and being mutually separable by, for example, a hydraulic actuator to allow access to the interior of the work chamber. A reflector is disposed between the heat source and heat sink in surrounding relationship to the semiconductor bodies being processed to ensure the maintenance of a uniform temperature gradient within the work chamber. The reflector and the heat sink are liquid cooled for the effective removal of heat therefrom. The heat sink is further provided with a plurality of radiation attenuating cavities to enhance the performance of the heat sink.

Abstract: An aromatic carbonate process comprising contacting a phenol, carbon monoxide in the presence of a base, Group VIIIB element selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum having an oxidation state greater than zero. The resulting aromatic mono- and polycarbonates are useful in the preparation of polycarbonates or as polycarbonates, per se, respectively, which can be molded or formed into films, sheets, fibers, laminates or reinforced plastics by conventional techniques.

Abstract: An aromatic carbonate process comprising contacting a phenol, carbon monoxide, a base, a Group VIIIB element selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum having an oxidation state of plus one. The resulting aromatic mono- and polycarbonates are useful in the preparation of polycarbonates or as polycarbonates, per se, respectively, which can be molded or formed into films, sheets, fibers, laminates or reinforced plastics by conventional techniques.

Abstract: A relatively thin coat of calcium metaborate is electrolytically-applied directly to the surface of a boron-containing electrical steel and a substantially thicker overcoat of Mg(OH).sub.2 is electrolytically-deposited on the calcium metaborate coating to provide a duplex coating about 0.2 mil thick.

Abstract: A dense polycrystalline silicon nitride body is produced by hot-pressing a particulate mixture of silicon nitride and a magnesium silicide additive.

Abstract: Polythioetherimides are provided by either effecting reaction between aromatic bis(thioetheranhydride) and organic diamine or by nitro- or halo-displacement from appropriately substituted bis(phthalimide) with anhydrous alkai metal sulfide. The polythioetherimides are heat and flame resistant and can be reinforced with various fillers to produce high performance composites. The polythioetherimides also can be used as wire coating enamels when used in phenolic solvent.

Abstract: A method is provided for converting a polyimide to the corresponding polyamide acid salt, utilizing a predetermined amount of a strong base. The polyamide acid salt can be converted to the corresponding polyamide acid. The polyamide acid and polyamide acid salts provided by the subject method can be converted to the polyimide state after being applied to various substrates by standard dipcoating and electrocoating techniques. When utilized with a potentiometric titrator, the method of the invention also can be used to determine imide functionality of polyimide.

Abstract: A current limiting fuse is disclosed wherein at least one fuse element is positioned within and extends from a sealed electrically insulating glass member substantially filled with dielectric liquid. The glass member is positioned within an outer casing having electrical terminals and filled with granular material. The fuse element extends to the electrical terminals. The narrow space filled substantially with dielectric liquid defines the arc constrictor while the outer casing defines the plasma cooler space.

Abstract: A sealed lithium electrochemical cell with sodium beta-alumina ion-conductive electrolyte is described which comprises a casing, an anode positioned within the casing, the anode selected from the class consisting of lithium, lithium as a solid alloy, and lithium in a non-aqueous electrolyte, a cathode positioned within the casing, the cathode functioning with a lithium-type anode and a solid sodium beta-alumina ion-conductive electrolyte, and a solid sodium beta-alumina ion-conductive electrolyte positioned within the casing between the anode and cathode and in contact with both the anode and cathode.

Abstract: Clinically useful diagnostic devices are prepared from commercially available metal sheet stock by a sequence of steps. The metal is one of a type on the surface of which a tenacious oxide layer can be produced. Steps in the preparation include roughening surface area of the bulk metal with pits on a fine scale to render that surface area of the metal non-specularly reflecting, chemically etching the surface area to produce some first preselected measure of reflectivity, anodizing the surface area to produce a dull, non-specularly reflecting oxide surface having a second preselected degree of reflectivity and applying a layer of protein over this dull surface area. The preferred metal is titanium and the reflectivity of the modified surface area is selected dependent on the immunological reaction being detected.

Abstract: Deep diodes which extend in straight lines through a silicon wafer are produced by migrating aluminum droplets through the wafer while maintaining a finite temperature gradient through the wafer in the direction of straight line droplet travel, and at the same time maintaining a zero temperature gradient through the wafer in a direction normal to the droplet travel course. Unidirectional heat flow apparatus implementing this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Porous, moisture-containing materials are dried in a fluidized bed reactor. The moisture content of both the underflow and carryover products from the dryer are controlled by introducing hot gases into the freeboard region above the fluidized bed. One or more tuyeres of extended length with ports at a level above the fluidized bed in the freeboard regin may be employed to admit hot gases directly into the freeboard region from the reactor windbox without traversing the fluidized bed. Alternatively, a valved conduit may be employed extending through the refractory dome or gas distributor to regulate gas flow between the windbox and the freeboard region.

Abstract: Beneficiation of phosphate rock containing limestone is accomplished by calcining, cooling, slaking and separation of the slaked lime from the phosphate rock product. The cooling, slaking and separation operations are conducted in a fluid bed reactor.

Abstract: A refractory constriction dome for a fluidized bed reactor is constructed to resist the upward thrust of pressure in the windbox as well as the weight of the fluidized bed. A reverse arch of refractory brick or tiles, forming the upper surface of the dome, is the structural feature which functions to resist upward thrust.

Abstract: Alumina-cryolite waste from aluminum pot lines is subjected to oxidation in a fluidized bed reactor to remove carbon and organic contamination. Agglomeration of the alumina-cryolite product occurs in the fluidized bed and a pellet product suitable for return to the aluminum pot lines is produced.

Abstract: A fluidized bed incinerator is provided with feed pipes which are downwardly directed or vertically oriented and have access to the reaction chamber. Secondary air is introduced into the reaction chamber at a point above the fluidized bed through pipes which are concentric with the feed pipes and spaced therefrom in surrounding relation to define annular air passageways. Air passing into the reaction chamber through these passageways provides an air shield about the feed pipes.

Abstract: A fluidized bed waste incinerator is operated with a space rate such that essentially the entire reactor chamber is occupied by a dilute fluidized bed. Particulate solids elutriated with the exhaust gases are returned to the reactor chamber to thereby conserve the heat generated in the reactor chamber.

Abstract: Heat exchanger tubes exposed to high-temperature gases from which dust or scale is deposited on the tubes are subjected to forces applied at the resonant frequency of the tube array to remove deposits on the tube surfaces.

Abstract: Phosphate rock is calcined under conditions calculated to completely oxidize the carbon and sulfur in the rock. Calcination is also conducted at elevated temperature to eliminate cadmium metal, a poisonous substance in fertilizers, from the calcined rock product. A fluid bed system for eliminating cadmium metal in the calcination of phosphate rock involves a two-vessel system in which an independent cadmium removal vessel served by a separate fluidizing air stream carries out volatilization of cadmium, while preheating, precalcining and cooling is conducted in another multi-bed reactor which is served by a separate fluidizing air stream.