Abstract: A cosmetic treatment apparatus comprises a discharge lamp, a capacitor, and a current controller. The capacitor supplies an electric current for the discharge lamp. The current controller controls the electric current flowing from the capacitor to the discharge lamp. In a first stage of the cosmetic treatment, the current controller performs a constant current control operation. In this operation, the current flowing to the lamp does not vary with variations of the capacitor voltage. In the end stage of the treatment, the current is lower, and it decreases with the capacitor voltage.

Abstract: Apparatus for diffusion bonding, brazing, or joining between respective surfaces of two parts, e.g., the exterior wall of a first annular cylinder and the interior wall of a concentric second annular cylinder, includes a cylindrical body having a circumferential cavity positioned between upper and lower ends thereof. A flexible annular membrane is disposed concentrically over the cavity, and respective upper and lower ends of the membrane are each sealingly hinged to the body. The body is assembled coaxially within the first cylinder, and the assembly then inserted coaxially into the second cylinder to the desired axial bonding position. The cavity is pressurized, causing the membrane, and responsively, the first cylinder, to expand radially within the second cylinder. The temperature of the parts is then raised and maintained for a selected period of time to bond the respective walls of the two cylinders to each other.

Abstract: An entertainment console is provided on a stroller, where the console securely holds a DVD player or other type of audio/video/media player. The console has a cavity that holds the DVD play. A release mechanism, such as a spring-biased release may be used to “pop” the DVD player out of the cavity. When the console is secured in the cavity, a hinged door can be closed over the DVD player to protect the DVD player. When the hinged door is opened, the DVD player screen can be opened as well for viewing. The DVD player screen is thus between the opened hinged door and the child. The console also has a sliding door or other protective element that slides over the DVD player controls when the DVD is in use.

Abstract: A prism sheet that allows light that is incident with an angle below 2.8° with respect to an axis normal to a light incident surface to be refracted and emitted, and a liquid crystal display device including the prism sheet are presented. The prism sheet includes a first surface through which light from a light source enters the prism sheet and a second surface through which the light exits the prism sheet. The second surface also includes polygonal protruding members having length axes substantially parallel to each other. Each of the polygonal protruding members has at least one first side forming an angle ranging from 65° to 75° with respect to a line normal to the first surface, and at least one second side forming an angle ranged from 40° to 50° with respect to a line normal to the first surface.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) includes a decoder unit for receiving an external digital data signal operating over a first predefined voltage range (i.e., 0-5V); a resistor array for generating a plurality of gray voltages defined across a second voltage range that is substantially wider than the first predefined voltage range, and a voltage selecting unit for selecting one of the gray voltages based on an output of the decoder unit, wherein the decoder unit includes a plurality of decoder stages and first and second boost circuits for generating output signals operating over a third voltage range (i.e., 0-7V) that is substantially wider than the first predefined voltage range while not requiring an additional power supply for producing voltages of the third voltage range (i.e., 0-7V).

Abstract: Color is edited using a color representation including digital values B (brightness), e and f such that B=?{square root over (D2+E2+F2)}, e=E/B, f=F/B, where DEF is a linear color coordinate system. Alternatively, color is represented using digital values B, C (chroma) and H (hue), where cos C=D/B and tan H=E/F. Brightness can be changed without a color shift by changing the B coordinate and leaving unchanged the other coordinates e and f or C and H. Other features are also provided.

Abstract: A backlight assembly that allows a more efficient light usage and thinner device size is presented. The backlight assembly includes a first light guide and a second light guide that each has a light incident face, a light exiting face, and a light interfacing face. The light interfacing face of the first light guide has a first interfacing portion and a second interfacing portion while the light interfacing face of the second light guide has a third interfacing portion and a fourth interfacing portion. A light reflective member has a first reflection face arranged at the second light reflection face portion and a second reflection face arranged at the fourth light reflective face portion, and the light source supplies light to the first and second light incident faces. The light incident faces are on the same side of the light guiding members.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate for a liquid crystal display which is resistant to deformation. The substrate includes a flexible substrate, first and second barrier layers respectively disposed on first and second surfaces of the flexible substrate, and first and second hard coating layers respectively disposed on the first and second barrier layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes first and second substrates. The first substrate has a first insulating substrate, and a pixel electrode formed on the first insulating substrate with a first opening pattern. The second substrate has a second insulating substrate, and a common electrode formed on the second insulating substrate with a second opening pattern. The first and the second opening patterns proceed parallel to each other while being arranged in an alternate manner. A liquid crystal material is injected between the first and the second substrates. A spacer is positioned at an end of the second opening pattern to maintain the distance between the first and the second substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a personal alarm system including a communication device for transmitting a signal to a recipient such as a signal monitoring center or rescue or other emergency authorities. An interface module, including a user-programmable memory and a user interface, controls the communication device. A triggering key is used to activate the interface module in the case of an emergency, thereby causing the communication device to transmit a signal to the recipient.

Abstract: Color is edited using a color representation including digital values B (brightness), C (chroma) and H (hue) such that B=?{square root over (D2+E2+F2)}, cos C=D/B and tan H=E/F, where DEF is a linear color coordinate system. The saturation can be changed without changing the brightness and without changing the hue if the C coordinate is changed without changing B and H. Also, the brightness can be changed without a color shift by changing the B coordinate and leaving unchanged the C and H coordinates. Other features are also provided.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel including a substrate; a gate line formed on the substrate; a gate insulating layer formed on the gate line; a semiconductor layer formed on the gate insulating layer; a data line formed on the semiconductor layer; a drain electrode separated from the data line and formed on the semiconductor layer; a coupling electrode connected to the drain electrode; a first subpixel electrode connected to the drain electrode; and a second subpixel electrode separated from the first subpixel electrode and overlapping the coupling electrode.

Abstract: In a digital image having pixels pi (i=1,2, . . . ) and a brightness B(pi) at each pixel pi, the contrast editing is performed by replacing the brightness B(pi) with B*(pi)=Bavg1??(pi)×Bo?(pi), where ? is a positive constant other than 1, and Bavg is a weighted average of the B values in an image region R(pi) containing the pixel pi. The image can be a color image, with color represented using digital values B (brightness), e and f such that B=?{square root over (D2+E2+F2)}, e=E/B, f=F/B, where DEF is a linear color coordinate system. Alternatively, color can be represented using digital values B, C (chroma) and H (hue), where cos C=D/B and tan H=E/F. The contrast can be edited without a color shift (i.e. without changing the chromaticity coordinates) by changing the B coordinate and leaving unchanged the other coordinates e and f or C and H. Sharpness can be edited using the same techniques with a small region R(pi).

Abstract: A color filter panel for a transflective type LCD with transmission areas and reflection areas includes a substrate, a plurality of color filters formed on the substrate, an overcoat layer formed on the color filters and including lens parts that are individually placed at the transmission areas, and a common electrode formed on the overcoat layer. This construction improves the total reflectance and outdoor visibility by efficiently utilizing exterior light entering the transmission areas for image display without light loss.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating and imaging THz electromagnetic radiation using a composite dipole array made up of novel structures of non-linear dipole strings with dual frequency resonances for frequency up conversion and frequency down conversion are disclosed. THz electromagnetic radiation resulting from the frequency down conversion process can be used as an illumination source for imaging, as a carrier for communications, or as an energy source for spectroscopy, for example. Optical electromagnetic radiation resulting from the frequency up conversion process can be used to form images from THz electromagnetic radiation for contraband detection, guidance systems, and medical applications, for example.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes liquid crystal materials comprising a nematic liquid crystal composition and fullerene-containing complex with high-speed electro-optical response. The fullerene-containing complex includes an organic donor and fullerene, where organic donor represents the electro-optical molecule with initial internal donor-acceptor interaction. The present disclosure also includes liquid crystal devices based on the composition mentioned above. The systems and techniques described herein provide a nematic liquid crystal structure sensitized with a fullerene-containing complex. The material provides improved temporal parameters of the NLC electro-optic response under conditions that maintain good contrast of liquid crystal display devices.

Abstract: A flat fluorescent lamp includes a first substrate, a second substrate, an external electrode, and a radiating member. The second substrate is combined with the first substrate to form a plurality of discharge spaces. The external electrode is formed on at least one surface of the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the external electrode extends perpendicularly to the discharge spaces. The radiating member is formed on the external electrode and radiates heat generated from the external electrode. Therefore, the heat generated from the flat fluorescent lamp is radiated to outside the flat fluorescent lamp through the radiating member, reducing pinhole formation and generally improving luminance characteristics of the flat fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: A backlight assembly and a liquid crystal display device can discharge heat from the lamp unit to the outside or effectively dissipate the heat. The backlight assembly of the present invention includes a lamp unit, a receiving member for receiving the lamp unit, a first heat dissipation member disposed below the receiving member, and a second heat dissipation for wrapping around a lateral side of the receiving member and the first heat dissipation member. The lamp unit is disposed on an area corresponding to the lateral side of the receiving member. In one embodiment, the first heat dissipation member is a flat plate made of graphite and disposed on an outer side of the bottom of the receiving member. The second heat dissipation member is metal with good thermal conductivity in close contact with the first heat dissipation member and the lateral side of the receiving member where the lamp unit is disposed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thin film transistor array panel, a liquid crystal display, and a manufacturing method of the same. A TFT array for a LCD or an EL display is used as a circuit board for driving the respective pixels in an independent manner. The present invention provides pixel electrodes and contact assistants, which connect expansions of gate lines and data lines to an external circuit, having a structure of double layers including IZO layer and ITO layer. The ITO layer is disposed on the IZO layer. In the present invention, the pixel electrodes are formed to have double layers of IZO layer and ITO layer to avoid wires from getting damage by the ITO etchant and to prevent prove pins from having accumulation of foreign body during the gross test. In the present invention, the contact assistants may only be formed to have double layers of IZO layer and ITO layer to prevent prove pins from having accumulation of foreign body during the gross test.

Abstract: A plurality of gate lines and a plurality of data lines intersecting each other are formed on a first insulating substrate having a plurality of first cutouts are formed on the respective pixel areas defined by the data lines and the gate lines. A thin film transistor is connected to each pixel electrode. A reference electrode having a plurality of second cutouts is formed on a second substrate opposite the first substrate. The first cutouts and the second cutouts in the adjacent two pixel areas opposite each other with respect to one data line have an inversion symmetry with respect to the data line.