Abstract: An inlet assembly for introducing a sample into a carrier gas stream for gas chromatography is disclosed including a housing having a bore that receives a liner. A sealing member having a core with a surface layer is positioned within the bore in sealing engagement with the bore and the liner. The surface layer of the sealing member has a lower adhesion to the housing than the core. The surface layer facilitates removal of the sealing member and the liner from the bore. A method of replacing an existing liner in an inlet assembly for chromatography is also disclosed. The method includes providing a liner with a sealing member having a core with a surface layer having a lower adhesion to the housing than the core, removing the existing liner from the bore and inserting a new liner with a new sealing member into the bore.

Abstract: An interface assembly provided at a test head, for connecting a probe card to the test head. The interface assembly includes an interface comprising an interface body and a coaxial connector supported by the interface body, and a casing for enclosing a dry gas that is introduced between the test head and the probe card and leaks into the test head through a gap formed by the interface (20) in a state where the coaxial connector is engaged with a mating coaxial connector provided at the probe card.

Abstract: A connector element for use with analytical devices is provided. The connector element includes a cavity for receiving a sealing member, and an access element for providing access to the sealing member when disposed in the cavity, e.g., for dislodging the sealing member from the connector element. Also provided are analytical devices that include the connector element, as well as methods of using the same.

Abstract: A laser apparatus for providing a stabilized multi mode laser beam includes an external cavity for providing an optical path for generating a laser beam which is stimulated by a gain medium, where the external cavity has first spectral characteristics, and a mode-selecting filter positioned within the optical path and having second spectral characteristics. The first characteristics and the second characteristics are adjusted to each other, so that the laser beam has at least two selected modes.

Abstract: Testing a device under test—DUT—includes providing a test signal from the DUT to a test probe, taking from the test signal being present at the test probe analog samples at a first sampling rate, taking from the test signal being present at the test probe digital samples at a second sampling rate, providing a control signal indicative of sampling times of the analog samples, and performing an analysis of the digital samples in conjunction with the control signal.

Abstract: The existence of non-linearities in a spread-spectrum communications system can result in a transmitter generating code spurs projecting onto channels used to communicate information symbols between a transmitter and a receiver. The present invention provides a method of predicting at least one signalling code corresponding to at least one respective code spur by performing vector products of signalling codes expressed in a bipolar form to yield a signalling code where a code spur will occur.

Abstract: An apparatus for distributing liquids to one or more receiving elements. The apparatus comprises a first element arrangement having one or more first receiving elements, a second element arrangement having one or more second receiving elements, a distributor adapted for distributing liquids to the first receiving elements, and an adapter adapted for transferring the liquids from the first receiving elements to the second receiving elements.

Abstract: A noise signal generator includes a random word generator for generating a sequence of random words, each word representing an input value, a mapping unit for receiving the sequence of random words, mapping each input value to an output value of according to a probability distribution function, and providing a corresponding sequence of output values, and a digital-to-analog converter for generating a noise signal based on the output values.

Abstract: A method of determining position information, the method having detecting—along a first direction—a value of a geometry parameter related to a structure formed on and/or in a substrate, and determining—with regard to a second direction—a value of a position parameter based on the detected value of the geometry parameter and a predetermined relationship between the geometry parameter and the position parameter.

Abstract: Making use of the values of error items quantified during full n-port calibration, an indicator of whether or not all calibration steps have been uniformly conducted (calibration consistency) is calculated and the result of the calibration is confirmed based on this indicator.

Abstract: For dispensing volumes of liquids, a hinged septum has a flap inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of a liquid channel. A deposition device deposits liquid on the flap, wherein the deposition device is arranged to contact the flap.

Abstract: An operation method for a semiconductor measurement apparatus having measuring, displaying, inputting, and storing devices, and a computing and controlling device connected to the other devices that performs computation and control. The method includes selecting, through the inputting device, a template for a semiconductor measurement-evaluation application displayed by the displaying device for individual technical fields; setting, through the inputting device, setting information required for execution with respect to the application templates displayed by the displaying device and of storing the setting information in the storing device; executing the application for which the setting information is stored; and storing an execution result obtained by executing the application for which the setting information is stored and execution-result attribute information into the storing device and of displaying the execution result and the execution-result attribute information on the displaying device.

Abstract: A measurement management system adapted to communicate with one or more measurement instruments, comprises at least one driver, each being adapted for communicating with at least one measurement instrument, a database adapted for storing information, and a processing unit adapted for processing information. Data communication within the measurement management system is provided using an MMS data format, in which data content is separated from information about presentation or representation of the data content.

Abstract: A portable distributed application framework that uses a definition file describing a structure of data and commands to be used by the framework to interface with an application. A proxy, responsive to a definition file, creates and receives messages based on the definition file. The created messages contain data and commands used to control the application while the received messages contain data from the application. A control, responsive to the definition file, relays messages between the proxy and the application. A housing, responsive to the definition file and the messages from the proxy, provides the application with configuration information and receives data from the application.

Abstract: An RF assembly of a multiport switch is disclosed. The RF assembly includes an RF cavity housing and a cover. The RF cavity housing includes a common port defined by a cavity in a surface of the RF cavity housing and at least another port defined by a trough in the surface of the RF cavity housing. The trough is connected to the cavity. When covered by the cover, the trough defines a channel connected at one end to the cavity. The distance between opposing surfaces of the RF cavity housing and the cover at a proximal end of the channel is smaller than the corresponding distance of a portion of the channel immediately adjacent the proximal end. A multiport switch having the RF assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A measurement system comprising modules for receiving analog measurement signals and outputting digital data and a controller for receiving and data processing of these digital data, this measurement system, wherein these modules comprise a A/D converter for converting analog measurement signals to digital data and measuring these data, an output for outputting these digital data, and a controller for controlling the timing of these measurements and the timing of these outputs, and in that the control by the controller is accomplished by outputting during the breaks between multiple measurements.

Abstract: A coefficient indicating the relationship between a measurement voltage of voltage measuring unit and a voltage drop in a drain bias voltage due to drain current is determined based on an S parameter of a bias tee and an input impedance of the measuring unit. A voltage drop at the drain is determined from the coefficient. Based on the determined voltage drop, a drain bias voltage actually applied to the drain of an FET is determined. Also, a coefficient for converting the measurement voltage of the measuring unit into a drain current is determined based on an S parameter of a two-terminal-pair network of the bias tee and the input impedance of the voltage measuring unit. Based on the determined coefficient, a drain current actually flowing in the FET is determined.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable laser unit has a laser mode selection, and is adapted to provide a laser signal in accordance with one or more laser control parameters. For operating the laser unit, the laser signal is swept in a wavelength range, a laser operation signal indicative of the laser unit's operation during the sweep is received, and the laser operation signal is analyzed for detecting an indication of a mode hop occurred in the generated laser signals during the sweep. At least one correction value is determined based on the detected mode hop indication, and at least one of the one or more laser control parameters, applicable for a next wavelength sweep, is modified based on the determined at least one correction value.

Abstract: A method for optimizing a pattern generation program used in a signal generator comprising a generator for generating a signal pattern based on a pattern generation program, a memory for storing the signal pattern, and an output for outputting on a predetermined cycle the signal pattern stored by the memory, this optimizing method comprising an evaluation step for evaluating for each command of the pattern generation program whether it is necessary to develop the command in question of the program and a development step for developing the command.