Abstract: The invention relates to a device for transmitting microwaves between two bodies which are rotatable relative to each other. Two annular waveguides are arranged on a common axis. Each waveguide has a coupling slot along its circumference. A transmitting aerial projects into each coupling slot and is moveable relative to the associated waveguide. The electromagnetic waves generated by the transmitting aerials are received by receiving aerials at the ends of the waveguides, respectively. The outputs of the receiving aerials are prepared for further processing.

Abstract: A radiography apparatus comprises a radiation source which is arranged to supply radiation spectra of different energies. The apparatus also comprises a detector which can be adjusted for the radiation spectra so that a strong wavelength discrimination occurs in the measurement signals. In a detector comprising an ionization chamber, there is arranged an auxiliary electrode which can be adjusted in phase with the radiation source so that soft radiation of a soft source spectrum or hard radiation of a hard source spectrum is comparatively favored with respect to its contribution to the measurement signal.

Abstract: Identical coupling conditions are achieved in an integrated optical component by pairs of branch tracks which successively intersect into a central track. Low attenuation values are achieved with angles of incidence of 1.5 degrees.

Abstract: Optical communication cable consisting of a cable core having light waveguides (1) and a sheath of synthetic resin which surrounds same and has glass fiber elements taking up tensile forces. The glass fiber elements (10) are formed into at least one uniform strand (16) by means of a binder (11) of synthetic resin and in the cable sheath constitute at least a part by volume of 10%, the part by volume in the strand being at least 70%.

Abstract: In a cassette for a camera, two filter wheels are provided. Each filter wheel is held between two guide wheels and a drive wheel. The drive wheel is driven by a miniature electric motor. For each filter wheel, one associated guide wheel is connected to a lever. By lifting the lever, the filter wheels are released and can be taken out of the cassette. A code field is provided along the circumference of each filter wheel. Each code field is read by reading means. In this way, each filter element on each filter wheel can be moved into the optical path of the camera. The electric connections terminate in a plug which during insertion of the cassette mates with a socket in a rear wall of the camera. The cassette may also be provided with a test-slide projector for focusing the pickup tubes in a camera.

Abstract: The invention relates to an X-ray examination apparatus comprising a light-tight film processing section with one or more film storage magazines. A film sheet can be removed from the magazine in order to be transported to the exposure position. The apparatus also comprises a cassette loading and unloading station as well as a film guide device. A film sheet can be transported by the film guide device either into the beam path at the exposure position or into a cassette in the cassette loading and unloading station. Thus, cassette exposures can also be made without loading and unloading the cassette in a separate dark room or without a so-called daylight system being necessary.

Abstract: Radiations of different input light-wave conductors which are provided with tapering parts and are coupled at the center of an end face of a GRIN-rod lens are introduced by this lens into an output light-wave conductor. During the radiation conduction, the radiation emanating at the area of the tapering parts is also taken into account.

Abstract: An array of photovoltaic infrared radiation detector elements are formed in a body of infrared-sensitive material, e.g. of cadmium mercury telluride. The body is present on a circuit substrate, which may comprise a silicon CCD for processing signals from the detector elements. An array of regions of a first conductivity type, which form the p-n junctions of each detector element with an adjacent body part of opposite conductivity type, extend through the thickness of the body at side walls of an array of apertures. Each aperture is associated with a detector element and is preferably formed by ion etching. These regions of the first conductivity type are electrically connected to substrate conductors in a simple and reliable manner by a metallization layer in the apertures, without rendering a significant area of the detector insensitive to radiation imaged onto the upper surface of the body.

Abstract: In a pick-up unit, a tube base for a camera tube is integrated with a coil former having a system of coils. As a result, the length of the pickup unit is small so that it is possible to manufacture portable cameras of small dimensions. The radial position of the tube with respect to the coil former is fixed by centering means provided in the tube base and in a sealing cap engaging the coil former. The axial position of the tube relative to the coil former is fixed by urging the tube against an abutting face of the sealing cap by means of a spring. The coil former is surrounded by a .mu.-metal screening sleeve consisting of two portions. The two portions of the screening sleeve are coupled together by means of a clamping ring.

Abstract: In a short-time tomosynthesis apparatus for imaging layers of a body to be examined, the body is irradiated by radiation beams from a large number of different directions in order to form perspective images. The radiation beams are detected by a detector which is arranged underneath the body. The perspective images appearing on the exit of the detector will overlap when the radiation beams have a comparatively large angle of aperture. For separating the perspective images, an image separating system is provided at the exit of the detector. The image separating system may comprise a fiber-optical system or an electron-optical deflection unit.

Abstract: A device for reducing artefacts in layer images. Several layer images are formed of an object layer by irradiation from different directions. The same points of these layer images are compared in order to obtain a corrected layer image: when corresponding image information is present in all image points compared, the image information is transferred to corresponding layer image points in a corrected layer image; when the image information in the compared image points is not the same, that information is at least partly suppressed.

Abstract: An optical scanning device, for scanning bundles of parallel rays of light defining a field of view, includes a substantially planar disc, means for rotating the disc on its axis, and a substantially planar reflective member. The disc has a first portion which is reflective and a second portion which is transmissive. The planar reflective member is arranged in a fixed position behind the disc such that the normal to the planar reflective member subtends a nonzero angle with respect to the disc axis. As the disc is rotated, the light rays to be scanned are alternately incident upon the reflective portion of the disc and the transmissive portion of the disc. When the light rays are incident on the transmissive portion, they pass through the disc and are reflected by the fixed reflective member which is arranged behind the disc. Both the reflective portion of the disc and the fixed reflective member reflect the light rays to be scanned onto a fixed detector.

Abstract: Method for automatically setting up a television camera by means of a microcomputer. The setup is effected in two separate steps, a test pattern being used in each step. An external test pattern is present on a test chart in front of the camera and an internal test pattern is present in the camera in the optical path between a camera lens system and a camera pickup arrangement. During the setup with the internal test pattern, the lens system is optically blocked and correction information is stored in a memory. During or after the setup with the external test pattern, the correction information associated with the internal test pattern is subtracted from the correction information associated with the external test pattern. The resulting correction difference information is lens correction information and is stored in a memory associated with the lens system.

Abstract: A method of providing a copper metallization on a dielectric or semiconductive body, and a dielectric or semiconductive body having a metallization consisting essentially of copper. According to the method, a mixture of copper oxide powder and 0 to 15 weight percent reduction-resistant glass frit is dispersed in an organic vehicle and a solvent to produce a paste. The paste is applied to the body to provide a coating thereon. The coating is dried to remove the solvent, and then the coated body is fired in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature below the melting temperature of the glass frit to remove the organic vehicle. Finally, the coated body is fired a second time in an atmosphere which is reducing to the copper oxide but substantially nonreducing to the glass frit. The second firing is at a temperature from 700.degree. to 1050.degree. C. for from 120 to 15 minutes to convert the copper oxide to copper metal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the small signal gain of an amplifier. Each amplifier responds, in operation, to a small signal input. The small signal input varies substantially linearly over a field time interval. A small bias signal is added to the bias level input of the amplifier during a portion of the field time interval. The output of the amplifier is measured at three or more different times during the field time interval, at least one time when the small bias signal has not been added to the bias level input and at least one time being when the small bias signal has been added to the bias level input. By processing the measured outputs, a signal which is directly proportional to the product of the small bias signal with the small signal gain of the amplifier is obtained.

Abstract: In an apparatus having a comparatively heavy exchangeable element there is provided a clamping device for the element with a bayonet coupling and with grips which can be folded down only after the bayonet coupling has been brought into an engaged position. When the grips are folded down, a spring is activated so that a locked clamping coupling is obtained.

Abstract: A television pickup arrangement comprises a solid state pickup device which is read by field transfer. The pickup produces a picture signal which on display shows information smear. It is known to perform a correction by obtaining signal smear information from under an opaque, masking strip on the picture pickup portion of the pickup device. The smear picture signal is stored once in every field period in a memory device which is repeatedly readable at line frequency. The smear picture signal is subtracted from the picture signal to be corrected.If there is movement in the scene in the horizontal direction, an unacceptable smear is, however, still observable. According to the invention, a correction may be effected, using a second memory device. The second memory device may be used for performing a signal averaging operation over several field periods or for storing a smear picture signal so that different smear corrections can be effected in the upper and lower picture halves.

Abstract: Ceramic dielectric based on bismuth-containing BaTiO.sub.3 in the form of a monophase mixed crystal-ceramic in which 0.02 to 0.12 mol of the layer perovskite PbBi.sub.4 Ti.sub.4 O.sub.15 or SrBi.sub.4 Ti.sub.4 O.sub.15 per mol of BaTiO.sub.3 are provided. On account of its comparatively low sintering temperature and in particular on account of the very small change of the value of the relative dielectric constant with applied direct voltage fields, the ceramic is particularly suitable for the manufacture of multilayer capacitors.

Abstract: An infrared thermal detector includes an infrared thermal sensing element, a load resistor, and a voltage supply means. The infrared thermal sensing element is a pyroelectric material whose electrical conductivity changes with temperature. The circuit and device parameters are chosen such that the detector will have frequency response over a broad band from dc (0 Hertz) to a high frequency determined by the electronic time constant of the circuit. The detector thus has all the advantages of either a pyroelectric detector without a chopper, or a thermistor bolometer having a fast response time.

Abstract: A low fire ceramic dielectric composition, a multilayer capacitor made from such a ceramic dielectric composition provided with silver/palladium electrodes having at least 65 atomic percent silver, and a method of manufacturing such a multilayer capacitor. The ceramic is barium titanate-based and includes Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, and TiO.sub.2 to improve sinterability. MnCO.sub.3 is added to increase the insulation resistance. The multilayer capacitor includes high silver-content electrodes to reduce the quantity of expensive noble metals. The multilayer part may be fired at a temperature of 1150.degree. C. or less to yield a capacitor meeting EIA specification X7R. The low firing temperature also inhibits a chemical reaction between bismuth and palladium.